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QUESTION 1
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QUESTION 2

QUESTION 3
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QUESTION 4
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QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 6
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QUESTION 7
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QUESTION 8
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QUESTION 9

QUESTION 10
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QUESTION 11
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QUESTION 12
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QUESTION 13
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QUESTION 14
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QUESTION 15
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QUESTION 16
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QUESTION 17
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QUESTION 18
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QUESTION 19

QUESTION 20
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SOLUTIONS
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QUESTION 1

Solution: The answer is E. I and IV

Explanation:
• I. 2**2**2 is a valid Python expression. It evaluates to 8, which is the value of 2 raised to
the power of 3.
• II. ['ceng', '230']][1]=′240' is not a valid Python expression. The [] operator is used to
access elements in a list, but index 1 is out of bounds in this case. The list only has two
elements, so the index 1 refers to an element that doesn't exist.
• III. 1 in(1,2) is a valid Python expression. The in operator is used to test whether a value is
in a sequence. In this case, the expression evaluates to True because the value 1 is in the
sequence (1, 2).
• IV. (′1' 3)+'1' is a valid Python expression. It evaluates to 111, which is the result of
concatenating three copies of the string '1' and then adding '1' to the end.
Final answer
Therefore, the only valid Python expressions in the list are I and IV. So, the correct answer is
option 5 the answer is E. I and IV.
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QUESTION 2

Solution: The answer is B. def f(d): (d/2)**2 * pi

The correct function that returns the area of a circle when the diameter is provided as the
argument is:

1 def f(d): (d/2)**2 * pi

Explanation:
The formula for the area of a circle is πr^2, where r is the radius. Since the diameter (d) is
provided as the argument, we need to divide it by 2 to obtain the radius (r). Therefore, (d/2)
represents the radius, and (d/2)**2 calculates the square of the radius. Multiplying this by π
(pi) gives us the area of the circle.

Final answer
The correct answer is option 2 the answer is B def f(d): (d/2)**2 * pi.
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QUESTION 3

Solution: The answer is B. I-II-V

I. Encapsulation: It is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that
combines data and methods into a single unit called an object. Encapsulation provides data
hiding and abstraction, allowing the internal details of an object to be hidden from the outside
and accessed only through well-defined interfaces.

II. Inheritance: It is another key concept in OOP that allows classes to inherit properties and
behavior from other classes. Inheritance promotes code reusability and establishes hierarchical
relationships between classes, with derived classes inheriting characteristics from their parent
classes.
III. Responsiveness: Responsiveness is not specifically a property of object-oriented
programming. It refers to the ability of a system or program to respond to user input or
external events in a timely manner. While OOP can facilitate the design and implementation of
responsive systems, it is not a direct property of the programming paradigm itself.

IV. Efficiency: Efficiency is not exclusively associated with object-oriented programming. It is

a general concern in software development that focuses on optimizing system resources,
improving performance, and minimizing resource usage. Efficiency depends on various factors,
including algorithms, data structures, and implementation details, rather than being inherent to
OOP.
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V. Polymorphism: Polymorphism is a feature of object-oriented programming that allows

objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It enables code to
be written in a generic manner, capable of handling objects with different implementations
through inheritance and method overriding.

Explanation:
Therefore, the correct properties of object-oriented programming from the given options are I
(Encapsulation), II (Inheritance), and V (Polymorphism). The correct answer is I-II-V.

Final answer
The correct answer is option 2 the answer is B I-II-V.

QUESTION 4

Solution: The answer is D. Memory manager

The Operating System mechanism explained above is a Memory Manager. (=The Operating
System mechanism explained in the given statement is the Memory Manager.)

The Memory Manager is responsible for allocating and managing the memory resources of a
computer system. It handles the organization and tracking of available memory, as well as
fulfilling memory requests from processes or programs.

In the given statement, it describes a scenario where a running process requires additional
memory space. This can happen when a process, such as a photo editing program, needs to open a
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new image file that requires memory for storage. In such cases, the process makes a demand to
the Memory Manager, requesting additional memory space.

The Memory Manager then evaluates the request and determines whether it can grant the
requested memory or deny it based on the available memory resources. If there is enough free
memory, the Memory Manager allocates the required space to the process, allowing it to
proceed with its operation. However, if the available memory is insufficient or the system has
reached its memory limits, the Memory Manager may deny the request, and the process may
experience issues or errors.

In summary, the Memory Manager plays a crucial role in managing the allocation and utilization
of memory resources in an operating system. It handles requests for additional memory space
from processes and decides whether to grant or deny those requests based on memory
availability.

Final answer
The answer is option 4 the answer is D. Memory manager.
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QUESTION 5

Solution: The answer is C. I, III, and IV.

The question asks to find lines that return the value "0."

Explanation:
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Let's go through/review each option to determine which lines would return 0.

I. coco[“miguel”][1][0]
In this line, we access the dictionary with the key "miguel" and retrieve the value associated
with it. The value is a tuple: (0, (0, [0]), 0, 0). Next, we access the element at index 1 of the
tuple (0, [0]).
Finally, we access the element at index 0 of that tuple, 0. Therefore, this line returns 0.

II. coco[“hector”][1][1][0]
In this line, we access the dictionary with the key "hector" and retrieve the value associated
with it. The value is a list: [[0], [[0]], [(0, 0)], 0]. Next, we access the element at index 1 of the
list, [[0]]. Within this (specific) sub-list, the item located at position 1 is equivalent to the index
[0].
Finally, we access the element at index 0 of that sublist, which is 0. Therefore, this line returns
0.

III. coco[“hector”][2][0][0]
In this line, we again access the dictionary with the key "hector" and retrieve the value
associated with it. The value is the same list as in option II: [[0], [[0]], [(0, 0)], 0]. Next, we
access the element at index 2 of the list, which is [(0, 0)]. Within that sublist, we access the
element at index 0, which is (0, 0).
Finally, we access the element at index 0 of that tuple, which is 0. Therefore, this line also
returns 0.

IV. coco["ernesto"][1][0]
In this line, we access the dictionary with the key "ernesto" and retrieve the value associated
with it. The value is a list: [(0, 0), [0], (0,)]. Next, we access the element at index 1 of the list,
which is [0].
Finally, we access the element at index 0 of that sublist, which is 0. Therefore, this line returns
0.

Therefore, the correct option is I, III, and IV

Final answer
The answer is option 3 the answer is C. I, III, and IV.
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QUESTION 6

Solution: The answer is D. ii, and iii.

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Explanation:
Which are correct for the given function definitions?
1. "g(x) returns the string representation of the integer x."
This statement is incorrect. The function g(x) does not return the string representation
of the integer x. Instead, it returns the digit sum of x. The function f(x) converts x into
a list of its individual digits using list comprehension, and then g(x) calculates the sum of
those digits.

2. "g(x) returns the digit sum of x." This statement is correct.

The function g(x) takes an integer x, uses the function f(x) to convert it into a list of
digits, and then calculates the sum of those digits using a for loop. Therefore, g(x)
indeed returns the digit sum of x.

3. "h(x, y) returns True if x == y." This statement is correct.

The function h(x, y) compares the digit sums of x and y by calling the function g(x) and
g(y), respectively. If the digit sums are equal, h(x, y) returns True; otherwise, it returns
False. Therefore, h(x, y) returns True if x == y.

4. "f(0) returns []." This statement is correct.

The function f(x) takes an integer x, converts it into a string using str(x), and then
converts each digit of the string back into an integer using list comprehension. In the
case of f(0), the string representation of 0 is "0", which results in an empty list []
because there are no individual digits in "0". Therefore, f(0) indeed returns []

Final answer
According to the explanation given for the second question, the answer is option 4 the correct
answer is D. ii and iii.
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QUESTION 7

Solution: The answer is option 1 and option 2.

Explanation: Which of the following claims is false?

In optıon 2, str(5) + "5" -> "10" because str(5) is strong and we are concatenating (joining two
string values} it with string "5," so this would result in 55 and not 10.
Here it is two string values getting concatenated and not two integer values.

Explanation:
Here, we will go through all the other options
1. list(" ") == [] -> True: The expression list(" ") creates a list with a single element, which is
the string " ". On the other hand, [] represents an empty list. Since list(" ") and [] are not the
same, the comparison list(" ") == [] evaluates to False, not True. Therefore, this claim is false.
2. str(5) + "5" -> "10": This claim is false. str(5) is strong, and we are concatenating (joining
two string values} it with string "5", so this would result in 55 and not 10.
3. True != False -> True: This claim is true. The inequality operator != checks if the two
operands are not equal; in this case, True and False are not equal, so the expression True !=
False evaluates to True.
4. len([]) -> 0: This claim is true. The len() function is used to determine the length of a
sequence, such as a list. In this case, len([]) returns 0 because the empty list [] has no elements.
5. str(5) == "5" -> True: This claim is true. The expression str(5) converts the integer 5 to
the string "5". When comparing "5" with "5", they are equal, so the expression str(5) == "5"
evaluates to True.

Final answer
The correct answer to this question is option 1 and option 2.
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QUESTION 8

Solution: The answer is D. None of the above.

Let's go through each option to determine their output:

Option I:
1 i=0
2 while i < len(my_str):
3 if my_str[i] == " ":
4 break
5 print(ch)
6 i += 1
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This code has several issues. It refers to ch instead of my_str[i] inside the loop, which will
result in a NameError. Additionally, the code does not correctly print the characters of my_str
that are not spaces. Therefore, this option does not give the same output as the original code.

Option II:
1 print ("H")
2 print ("e")
3 print("l/nl")
4 print("o")

This code prints the specified strings "H," "e," "l," "l," and "o." It does not iterate over the
characters of my_str or consider spaces. Therefore, this option does not give the same output
as the original code.

Option III:
1 for i in enum(len(my_str)):
2 if my_str[i] != " ":
3 print(my_str[i])
4 else:
5 break

This code attempts to use enum instead of "enumerate" to iterate over the indices of my_str.
The correct syntax is "enumerate". Additionally, the code does not correctly print the
characters of my_str that are not spaces. Therefore, this option does not give the same output
as the original code.

Explanation:
In conclusion, none of the provided options give the same output as the original code segment.

Option 1:
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Option 2:

Option 3:

Final answer
None of the provided options give the same output as the original code segment.
Here are the outputs of the given options:
The answer is option 4 the correct answer is D. "None of the above."
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QUESTION 9

QUESTION 10
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QUESTION 11
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QUESTION 12

Solution: The answer is E. "Swaps the values of a←c,

b←a, c←b, and prints if a, b, c are distinct" is the
correct code interpretation.
• The given code uses the metu function to swap the values of a, b, and c using the "metu"
technique. The function takes three values, a, b, and c, as input, performs the swapping
operation, and returns the updated values.
• In this case, the input values are: a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
• After the swapping operation in the function metu(a, b, c): a = 3 b = 1 c = 2
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• The output (3, 1, 2) represents the updated values of a, b, and c after the swapping
operation.
Therefore, the correct interpretation is that the code swaps the values of a, b, and c using the
"metu" technique, resulting in option E) "Swaps the values of a←c, b←a, c←b, and prints if
a, b, c are distinct."

Explanation:
The remaining options are not correct:
A) Swaps the values of a←b, b←c, c←a, and prints if a, b, c are not distinct. This option
is incorrect because the code does not perform the swapping operation this way. Instead, it
uses the "metu" technique, which involves a specific sequence of operations to swap the values.

B) Swaps the values of a←b, b←c, c←a, and prints if a, b, c are distinct. This option is
incorrect because the code does not check for a, b, and c distinctness after the swapping
operation. It simply performs the swapping and returns the updated values.

C) Swaps the values of a←c, b←a, c←b, and prints if a, b, c are not distinct. This option
is incorrect because it describes the correct swapping operations but does not mention the
distinctness condition. The code does not check for a, b, and c distinctness.

D) None of the other choices. This option is incorrect because option e) provides the correct
interpretation of the code, which involves swapping the values using the "metu" technique and
printing the result.

Therefore, option E) "Swaps the values of a←c, b←a, c←b and prints if a, b, c are distinct," is
the correct interpretation of the code, while the remaining options are incorrect.

Summary:
The given code utilizes the "metu" technique to swap the values of the variables a, b, and c. It
performs the swapping using a specific sequence of arithmetic operations. After the swapping,
it returns the updated values of a, b, and c as a tuple.

Code:

1 def metu(a,b,c):
2 a=a+b+c
3 b=a-b-c
4 c=a-b-c
5 a=a-b-c
6 return(a,b,c)
7 a=int(input())
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8 b=int(input())
9 c=int(input())
10
11 if(a!=b and b!=c and a!=c):
12 print(metu(a,b,c))

Output:

In output, you can clearly see that "a value" is replaced with "c value," "b value" is replaced with
"a value, " and "c value" is replaced with "b value. "
So, option e is correct.

Final answer
The answer is option 5 the correct answer is E. "Swaps the values of a←c, b←a, c←b, and
prints if a, b, c are distinct."

QUESTION 13
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Solution: The answer is B. Remove Line 10.

First of all, the mistake in the code lies in the indentation and placement of the return
statement. Here's the corrected code,

def same(str_a, str_b):

s = len(str_a)
i=0
count = 0
while i < s:
if str_a[i] == str_b[i]:
count += 1
i += 1
return count

Explanation:

• The return statement should be outside the while loop, at the same level of indentation
as the while statement. This ensures that the loop iterates through all characters before
returning the count.
• Line 9 should be indented inside the while loop. It increments the value of i and allows the
loop to continue.
• Lines 10, 11, and 12 are not necessary and should be removed.
So, the correct option is B) Remove Line 10.

Final answer
Hence, the answer is option 2 the correct answer is B. Remove Line 10.
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QUESTION 14

Solution: The answer is B.

def get_year(self):
return self.year
,
To obtain "1972" at the output, you should replace "###FILL HERE###"
with the following code:

1 def get_year(self):
2 return self.year
3
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Here's the updated code:

1 class watch:
2 name = "The Godfather"
3 number_awards = 2
4 year = 1972
5 directed_by = "Francis Ford Coppola"
6 summary = "About the aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty"
7 stars = ["Marlon Brando", "Al Pacino", "James Caan"]
8
9 def get_year(self):
10 return self.year
11
12 Gfather = watch()
13 print(Gfather.get_year())
14

When you run this code, it creates an instance of the watch class called Gfather. Then, it calls
the get_year() method on the Gfather object, which returns the value of the year attribute of
the watch class. In this case, the output will be:

"1972"

Explanation:

1. A class called watch is defined. It represents a movie and contains several attributes, such
as name, number_awards, year, directed_by, summary, and stars. These attributes hold
information about the movie "The Godfather"

2. Inside the watch class, a method named get_year is defined. This method takes the self
parameter, which represents the instance of the class. It returns the value of the year
attribute of the class.

3. An instance of the watch class is created and assigned to the variable Gfather. This
instance represents the movie "The Godfather".

4. The get_year method is called on the Gfather object using dot notation
(Gfather.get_year()). This invokes the get_year method defined within the watch class for
the Gfather instance.
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5. The get_year method retrieves the value of the year attribute, which is 1972.

6. The print statement outputs the value returned by Gfather.get_year(), which is 1972.
The get_year method allows you to retrieve the value of the year attribute from the watch
class instance, enabling you to obtain the desired output of "1972".

Final answer
Hence, the answer is option 2 the correct answer is B. def get_year(self):
return self.year
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QUESTION 15
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Solution: The answer is option 1 and option 3; the

correct answer is A and C.
- The provided code checks the validity of an email address based on the given
specifications.
- The complete code with some modification at last to understand the code.

1 def email_checker(email):
2 a = email.find('@') + 1
3 if a == 0:
4 return 0
5 elif email[:a] == '':
6 return 0
7 elif email[:a].find('.') != -1:
8 return 0
9 elif email[a:] == '':
10 return 0
11 b = email[a:].find('.')
12 if b == -1:
13 return 0
14 else:
15 b += a + 1
16 if email[b:] == '':
17 return 0
18 c = email[b:].find('.')
19 if c == -1:
20 return 1
21 else:
22 c += b + 1
23 if email[c:] == '':
24 return 0
25 c = email[b:].find('.')
26 if c == -1:
27 return 1
28 else:
29 c += b + 1
30 if email[c:] == '':
31 return 0
32 d = email[c:].find('.')
33 if d == -1:
34 return 1
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35 else:
36 d += c + 1
37 if email[d:] == '':
38 return 1
39 elif email[d:].find('.') == -1:
40 return 0
41 return 1
42
43
44 print(email_checker('[email protected]'))
45 print(email_checker('[email protected]'))
46 print(email_checker('[email protected]'))
47 print(email_checker('ceng240@40ceng'))

Output:

0
1
1
0

Note: The other options can also be checked by putting the values in the above code one by one.

Detail explanation of the code:

1. email.find('@') + 1 searches for the position of '@' in the email address. Adding 1 is
necessary because the specification requires the user name to be written before '@'. If
the '@' symbol is not found, it means the email is invalid, so 0 is returned.

2. email[:a] == '' checks if the user name (substring from the start to position 'a') is
empty. If it is empty, the email is invalid as the user name should not be blank, so 0 is
returned.

3. email[:a].find('.') != -1 checks if there is a dot in the user name. According to the

specifications, the user name should not contain a dot. If a dot is found, it means the
email is invalid, so 0 is returned.

4. email[a:] == '' checks if the domain name (substring after the '@' symbol) is empty. If
it is empty, the email is invalid as the domain name should not be blank, so 0 is returned.
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5. email[a:].find('.') == -1 checks if there is at least one dot in the domain name. The
specification requires the domain name to have at least one dot. If no dot is found, it
means the email is invalid, so 0 is returned.

6. email[b:] == '' checks if there is any content after the first dot in the domain name. If
it is empty, the email is invalid, so 0 is returned.

7. email[b:].find('.') == -1 checks if there is a second dot in the domain name. According

to the specifications, the domain name can have at most three dots. If no second dot is
found, it means the email is valid, so 1 is returned.

8. email[c:] == '' checks if there is any content after the second dot in the domain name.
If it is empty, the email is invalid, so 0 is returned.

9. email[b:].find('.') == -1 checks if there is a third dot in the domain name. If no third

dot is found, it means the email is valid, so 1 is returned.

10. email[d:] == '' checks if there is any content after the third dot in the domain name. If
it is empty, the email is valid, so 1 is returned.

11. email[d:].find('.') == -1 checks if there is any dot after the third dot in the domain
name. If another dot is found, it means the email is invalid, so 0 is returned.

Explanation:

1. (a) email, 0, 0, ==: This option is suitable because we need to find the position of '@' in
the email address, and comparing it with 0 using '==' checks if the '@' symbol exists or
not.

2. (b) str, 0, -1, ==: This option is not suitable because we need to check for an empty
string ('') as the condition, not -1.

3. (c) email, 1, 1, !=: This option is suitable because we are checking if there is any dot
('.') in the user name using the condition '!= -1'.

4. (d) str, 1, 0, ==: Using option (d) with the data type 'str' is not suitable because it
causes errors when accessing and manipulating the domain name portion of the email
address in the code. The correct option is (a) with the data type 'email' to ensure proper
functionality.
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5. (e) email, 0, -1, !=: This option is not suitable because we are searching for a dot ('.') in
the domain name, not comparing it with -1.

Final answer
Therefore, options (A) and (C) are suitable in the code, but when option (e) is placed, then it
will show output, but it won't provide the correct output.

The correct answer to this question is option 1 and option 3.

The answer is option 1 and option 3; the correct answer is A and C.
email, 0, 0, ==
email, 1, 1, !=
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QUESTION 16

Solution: The answer is E. one, five, six.

The functions that provide the expected output of [-1, 1, 4, 27] for the given input [-1,
1, 2, 3] are:

Function one:

def one(a):
return a**2

This function squares the input value, which matches the expected output.
Function "one(a)" returns the square of the input value, so it correctly returns [-1, 1, 4, 9] for
the input [-1, 1, 2, 3].

Explanation:
1. Function: one(a)
o This function returns the square of the input value.
o Example: one(-1) = (-1)**2 = 1
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Function five:

def five(a):
return a**a

This function raises the input value to the power of itself, which also matches the expected
output.
Function "five(a)" returns the value raised to the power of itself, so it correctly returns [-1, 1,
4, 27] for the input [-1, 1, 2, 3].

Explanation:
1. Function: five(a)
o This function returns the value raised to the power of itself.
o Example: five(3) = 3**3 = 27

Function six:

def six(a):
return int(a**a)

This function raises the input value to the power of itself and returns the integer value, which
aligns with the expected output.
Function "six(a)" returns the integer value of the value raised to the power of itself, so it
correctly returns [-1, 1, 4, 27] for the input [-1, 1, 2, 3].

Explanation:
1. Function: six(a)
o This function returns the integer value of the input raised to the power of itself.
o Example: six(3) = int(3**3) = 27

The function that provides the expected output of [-1, 1, 4, 27] for the given input [-1, 1, 2, 3]
is:
✓ Function one(a): return a**2

✓ Function five(a): return a**a

✓ Function six(a): return int(a**a)

So, the correct option is one, five, six.

Final answer
The answer is option 5; the correct answer is E. one, five, six.
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QUESTION 17

Solution: The answer is A. 40

Let's go through the program step by step:

1. cid is initialized with a value of 2.

2. The function tic(a) is defined. Inside the function, cid is declared as a global variable and
assigned cid + 3.
3. The function tic(a) returns None (as there is no explicit return statement).
4. The function tac(a) is defined. Inside the function, two variables x1 and x2 are assigned the
value returned by calling tic(a) twice.
5. The function tac(a) returns 1 + x1 + x2.
6. The expression tac(13) is evaluated and printed.

Explanation:
Let's evaluate the expression step by step:

• tic(13) is called twice:

o The first call increments cid from 2 to 5 and returns 13 + 5 = 18.
o The second call increments cid from 5 to 8 and returns 13 + 8 = 21.
• The values of x1 and x2 are 18 and 21, respectively.
• The expression 1 + x1 + x2 evaluates to 1 + 18 + 21 = 40.
• The output printed is 40.

Hence, the output for the given code is 40.

Final answer
The answer is option 1; the correct answer is A. 40.
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QUESTION 18
 Page 51 of 52
QUESTION 19

Solution: The answer is B. 1st[4:10]

The correct expression that returns the list `[1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 10]` is `1st[4:10]`.

Let's break down each option to see which one is correct:

Explanation:
1. `1st[4:9]`: This would return `[1, 2, 5, 3, 4]`. It includes elements from index 4 to index
8 (excluding index 9).

2. `1st[4:10]`: This is the correct expression. It returns `[1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 10]`. It includes

elements from index 4 to index 9 (excluding index 10).

3. `1st[4:11]`: This expression goes beyond the length of the list. It would return `[1, 2, 5,
3, 4, 10, 0, 8]`. It includes elements from index 4 to index 10 (excluding index 11).

4. `1st[3:10]`: This would return `[11, 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 10]`. It includes elements from index
3 to index 9 (excluding index 10).

5. `1st[5:11]`: This would return `[2, 5, 3, 4, 10, 0]`. It includes elements from index 5 to
index 10 (excluding index 11).

Final answer
The answer is option 2; the correct answer is B. 1st[4:10]
 Page 52 of 52
QUESTION 20

Solution: The answer is E. 1st[3:5] = right

The list assignment operator in Python is =. It is used to assign a new value to a list. The syntax
for list assignment is:

list_name[start_index:end_index] = new_value

The start_index and end_index parameters specify the range of elements in the list that will
be replaced with the new value. The start_index is inclusive, and the end_index is exclusive.
In the problem statement, the list lst is assigned the value of the list right, starting at index 3
and ending at index 5. This means that the elements at indexes 3, 4, and 5 in the list lst will be
replaced with the elements in the list right. The other options for the list assignment operator
will not change the value of the list lst to the desired value.

Here is the code to demonstrate this:

Explanation:
lst = [10, 0, 4, 11, 2, 5, 9, 3, 1, 6, 7, 8]
right = [100]

lst[3:5] = right

print(lst)

This code will print the following output:

[10, 0, 4, 100, 5, 9, 3, 1, 6, 7, 8]

As you can see, the value of the list lst has been changed to the desired value.

Final Answer
The answer is option 5; the correct answer is E. 1st[3:5] = right.

[10, 0, 4, 100, 5, 9, 3, 1, 6, 7, 8]
1st[ 3:5] = right