Musculoskeletal System

Science 6
Muskuloskeletal
Combination of Muscular
System and Skeletal System
 Together, your joints, bones and
muscles are referred to as
Musculoskeletal System. The main
responsibility of this human body
system is to provide support and allow
movement of your body.
Difference of Muscular and Skeletal
Muscular Skeletal
a system that is a system that is
composed of composed of
MUSCLES BONES
 Functions of
Musculoskeletal
System
 Tissues make up the musculoskeletal
system. These tissues can be classified
into hard and soft. Some example of
hard tissues are bones and cartilages.
Some examples of soft tissues are
muscles, tendons, joints and ligaments
 Aside from providing support and
allowing movements, the
musculoskeletal system also serves to
protect the vital organs of the body.

At the same time, it is responsible for

the provision of the body forms,
stability, storage of minerals like
calcium and formation and supply of
new blood cell.
 The muscular part of the
musculoskeletal system is made up of
all the muscles that can be found in
the human body, These muscles permit
the movement produced at the joints.

The kind of movement being made

permit depends upon the location of
each muscle in relation to the joint
and its attachment to the bones that
form the joint.
 On the other hand, the skeletal
portion of the musculoskeletal system
is made up of all bones that can be
found in the human body. Joint
connects this bones to each other and
allow various movements.

The stability of the joints depends

upon the congruence of the bones or
the condition in which bones fit well
together.
Major Organs of
Musculoskeletal
System
 Muscles Joints Bones
an organ that is essentially a Joints are the areas where 2 Bone is the substance that
mass of muscle tissue attached or more bones meet. Most forms the skeleton of the
at either end to a fixed point joints are mobile, allowing body. It is composed chiefly
and that by contracting moves the bones to move of calcium phosphate and
or checks the movement of a
calcium carbonate.
body part.
Bones Bones are hard and tough because of
the minerals they contain such as
calcium, phosphorus and potassium.
All the bones in the body comprise the
skeletal system. These bones differ in
size, shape and function. There are
long bones and short bones, big
bones and tiny bones. Some bones
are round and some are flat, while
others are irregular in shape.
 Parts of the Skeletal System
The human skeleton has two main parts.

AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR

SKELETON
The Axial Skeleton
The Axial Skeleton is the one responsible
for the protection of the central nervous
system which composed of the brain, spinal
cord. It protects also other vital organs
such as heart and lungs. The axial skeleton
has three main parts:
the skull
the vertebral column
the ribs
The Skull
The skull is the bone structure that
protects the brain. This has a helmet
form that surrounds the brain called
cranium.
Also part of the skull are 14 facial
bones, 6 six ear bones, and the bone
at the back of the tongue.
The Vertebral Column
Also called as vertebrae, it is attached to
the base of the skull is the backbone or the
spine, which is made up of 26 irregularly
shaped bones.

Each vertebra forms a ring and all the rings

together form a hollow tube which encloses
the spinal cord.
The Breastbone and Ribs

Breastbone also called as sternum is the

long, narrow flat bone found at the middle
of the chest. This is attached to a cage of
flat, curved bones called ribs, which
enclose the heart and lungs.
The Appendicular Skeleton
The Appendicular Skeleton allows
movement to occur through the joints of
your arms and legs. Without the
appendicular skeleton, you would be
unable to move around and do activities.
The Appendicular Skeleton consists of:
Collarbones
Shoulder blades
Arm bones
Hip and Leg Bones
collarbones and Arm bones Leg bones
Shoulder blades
Muscles The muscle that move the ear bones
are the smallest muscles, while the
muscles in the buttocks are the
All the muscles in the body make up largest.
the muscular system. Muscles come in
different sizes and shapes. The arms
and legs have long, thin muscles. The
diaphragm is a flat sheet of muscles.
The muscles across the abdomen are
also flat.
 Kinds of Muscle and Their Functions

There are three types of muscles.

Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscles
The muscle of the heart are called cardiac
muscles. These muscles are involuntary.

Involuntary Muscle meaning done without

will or conscious control. You cannot stop
them from contracting and relaxing even if
you want to do so.

Cardiac muscle is also responsible

for circulation of blood.
Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones.
Most muscles in the body are skeletal muscle.
They hold the bones together and give a nice
shape to the body. These muscles are
voluntary.

Voluntary Muscles can be consciously activated

to control movement. You can move them
whenever you want to.
 How Skeletal Muscles Work?

Muscles are attached to the bones through the tendons.

Tendons are bundles of tough fibers. One end

of a tendon is attached to the bone while the
other comes from the end of muscle.

Tendons differ in shape. Some of them are

round. Others are flat. They also vary in length
and thickness.
Smooth Muscles
Smooth Muscles are not attached to the bones.
They make up some organs inside the body
such as the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder,
and walls of the blood vessels.

Smooth muscles are also involuntary. That is

why they move any time or all the time.
Joints
The point where two bones meet is called a
joint. Some joints do not allow bones to move.
There are joints which allow limited
movement, and there are joints which allow
different kinds of movement.

Fixed joints
Movable joints
 Fixed Joints Movable Joints

refer to the joints that are joints that have some

provide stability to certain degree of flexibility, which
areas of the body, they means you can move them
.are called “fixed” or around.
immovable” because they
do not move. such as the
joints of the bones of the
skull and pelvis
Types of Movable Joints and Their Function

There are four types of movable joints.

Pivot Joints Hinge Joints

Ball and Socket Joints Gliding Joints

Pivot Joints
A pivot joint allows you to turn your
head to the left and to the right. It is
located at the point where a bone of
your head meets the neck bone.

Pivot joints shows limited movements

only.
Hinge Joints
Hinge joints let you bend and
straighten your fingers. You can also
bend and straighten your arms and
legs because of hinge joints.

The knees and elbows are modified

hinge joints.
Ball and Socket Joints
The ball and socket joint is where your
upper and arm bone meets your
shoulder bone. This joint allows you to
move your arm sideward, forward,
and backward.

This joint can be also found between

the upper leg and hip
Gliding Joints
The joints between vertebrae are
called gliding joints. These joints
enable the vertebra to do limited,
turning, or sliding.
Ligaments
Ligaments are tough bands of elastic tissue
that surrounds the movable joints.

They connect the ends of the bones and

limit the movement of the joints.
Proper Care of
Musculoskeletal
System
 Healthful Habits That Promote Proper Functioning
of The Musculoskeletal System
Eat Smart
Maintaining a healthy and nutritious diet will help
the musculoskeletal system prevent disease and
stay healthy.

Be fit
Exercises increase the blood flow, help the body
maintain a healthy weight, and keep bones and
muscles strong and healthy.