Class: 10 Science and Technology - Paper 2 Total Marks: 40

Time: 2 hours

I A Choose the correct alternative for the following questions. 5

1 Genetic disorder like sickle cell anaemia may be caused due to

a) Mutation b) translation c) translocation d) transcription

2 Environmental management primarily focuses on:

a) Industrial development b) Sustainable use of resources
c) Urbanization d) Technological advancement

3 We get ___ of energy from one gram of lipid

a) 9 cal b) 4 kcal c) 4 cal d) 9 kcal

4 Which of the following is not a life process?

a) Growth b) Reproduction c) Communication d) Respiration

5 Incomplete combustion of fuels leads to formation of

a) Carbon dioxide b) carbon monoxide c) carbon tetrachloride d) all of the above

IB Solve 5

1 Find the Odd man out

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids

2 Complete the Correlation

Amoeba : Fission :: Hydra : Budding

3 State whether true or false:

Our muscle cells perform aerobic respiration during exercise. : True

4 Identify the phylum of the given animal:

Arthropod

5 Match the pair

Column A Column B

Forest Conservation Act a) 1986

b) 1980
Answer : Forest Conservation Act - b) 1980
II A Give scientific reasons [any 2] 4

1 All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates
Ans: The members of Vertebrata possess notochord during embryonic development. Thus, all
vertebrates are chordates. However, the notochord gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral
column in the adult. Thus, all chordates are not vertebrates.

2 The construction of turbine is different for different types of power plants.

Ans. The construction of a turbine is different for different types of power plants because it depends
on the type of energy source used to drive the turbine.

3 Krebs cycle is also known as citric acid cycle.

Ans. The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle because citric acid is the first product
formed in the cycle

II B Answer the following [ any 3 ] 6

1 Complete the following chart.

2 Distinguish between Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration ( 2 points)

3 State any four evidences supporting the theory of evolution

Ans. Morphological, Anatomical, Vestigial organs, Palaeontological, Connecting links and
Embryological Evidences,

4 What are vitamins? State its two groups and classify the six types of vitamins.
Ans. Vitamins are a group of heterogeneous compounds of which, each is essential for proper
operation of various processes in the body. There are main six types of vitamins, e.g. A, B, C, D, E
and K. Out of these, A, D, E and K are fat-soluble whereas B and C are water-soluble.
 5 State the type of asexual reproduction shown in the diagram. : Fragmentation

State one more type of asexual reproduction. Budding, Binary Fission, Multiple Fission

III A Answer the following [ any 5 ] 15

1 Complete the activity Corrected

2 Name the largest phylum in the animal kingdom. Write any two characters of that phylum.
Ans. The largest phylum in the animal kingdom is Arthropoda. Two key characteristics of this
phylum are
Exoskeleton: Arthropods have a hard, chitinous exoskeleton that protects their body and provides
structural support.
Segmented Body: Their bodies are segmented and divided into regions, typically the head, thorax,
and abdomen.
Jointed Appendages: They have jointed limbs or appendages, which help in movement, feeding,
and other functions.
Open Circulatory System: Arthropods have an open circulatory system, where blood is not
enclosed in vessels but flows freely within body cavities.
Respiratory Organs: They have specialized respiratory organs, such as gills, tracheae, or book
lungs, depending on their habitat.

Any 2 characteristics

3 What are renewable sources of energy? State two examples

Ans. Renewable sources of energy are natural resources that can be replenished and used repeatedly
without depletion. Examples include solar energy (energy from the sun) and wind energy (energy
generated by wind turbines). These sources are sustainable and have a lower environmental impact
compared to fossil fuels.
4 Humans have a crucial role in maintaining the environmental balance. Justify this statement.
Ans. Humans play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance by protecting ecosystems
and conserving resources. Through sustainable practices, like reducing pollution, conserving
water, protecting wildlife habitats, and promoting reforestation, humans can help maintain
biodiversity, reduce climate change effects, and preserve natural resources for future generations.
By actively engaging in conservation efforts, humans support the health of the planet and ensure a
stable environment for all living organisms.

5 How does reproduction take place in fungus?

Ans. Reproduction in fungi can occur through both asexual method

1. Asexual Reproduction: Fungi reproduce asexually by producing spores which are released
into the environment and germinate to form new fungal organisms. Asexual reproduction
also occurs through budding (common in yeasts) or fragmentation
2. Spore Dispersal and Germination: Fungal spores, formed either sexually or asexually, are
dispersed through air, water, or animals, and upon landing in a favorable environment,
germinate to produce new fungal growth

6 State the stages involved in the process of formation of complex proteins.

Ans. The stages of protein formation are:
​ Transcription
​ The process of transferring genetic instructions from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. This
process involves three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
​ Translation
​ The process of amino acids being supplied by tRNA based on the message on mRNA.
​ Translocation
​ The process of ribosomes moving from one end of mRNA to the other by the distance of one
triplet codon.
​ Peptide bond formation
​ The process of amino acids brought in by tRNA being bonded together by peptide bonds with
the help of rRNA.

a)

b)
 8 a. Write two advantages and two disadvantages associated with hydroelectric power plants
Ans. Advantages:
● The generation of electricity from water does not produce any environmental pollution.
● Water energy is a renewable source of electric energy which will never get exhausted.
Disadvantages:
b. A vast variety of flora and fauna (plants and animals) get affected.
c. Dams can be constructed only at a limited number of places.

d. Is hydroelectric power generation environment friendly? State your opinion.

Ans. Hydropower is a clean source because it generates electricity without emitting greenhouse
gases or other pollutants: it helps decrease fossil fuel consumption, thereby reducing air pollution
and mitigating climate change.

IV A Answer the following [any one] 5

1 Answer the following questions based on the female reproductive system.

a. How many immature oocytes are present at the time of birth in the ovary of female foetus?
Ans. A female fetus has around 1–2 million immature oocytes, or eggs, in her ovaries at birth
b. What is ovulation?
Ans. Ovulation is when a mature egg is released from the ovary, pushed down the fallopian
tube, and made available to be fertilized.
c. What is menopause?
Ans. Menopause is when a woman's menstrual periods permanently stop, and she can no longer
become pregnant. It's usually a natural change that happens between the ages of 45 and 55, but it
can occur earlier.
d. Draw diagram of female reproductive system and Label the following parts : Ovary , Uterus

Ans.

2 Explain the kreb’s cycle with reaction.

● Krebs cycle was proposed by Sir Hans Kreb. This cycle is named after him. It is also called
the tricarboxylic acid cycle or citric acid cycle.
● The acetyl-coenzyme-A molecules enter the mitochondria located in the cytoplasm.
● They participate in the chemical reactions taking place in the Krebs cycle.
● In the cyclic chemical reactions, acetyl- coenzyme-A is completely oxidised
● It yields molecules of CO2, H2O, NADH2, FADH2, and ATP upon complete oxidation.