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Introduction For Research

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Michelle Awa-ao
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10 views

Introduction For Research

Uploaded by

Michelle Awa-ao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction

Anything that exceeds the balance of the usage for a particular material can have a
big effect to the environment. Concrete hollow blocks are one of those materials which
are being utilized a lot by many people. Concrete hollow blocks (CHB), are one of the
reasons for this is their relative low cost when compared to other materials and speed of
installation by semi-skilled labourers. CHB walls are very weak against lateral
loads( pushing or pulling forces from typhoon or earthquake). Adding steel reinforcing
bars vertically and horizontally inside the CHB's can increase their resistance to lateral
loads. ( Global Shelter Cluster 2014).

A concrete block is primarily used as a building material in the construction of walls.


It is sometimes called a concrete masonry unit (CMU). A concrete block is one of
several precast concrete products used in construction. The term precast refers to the
fact that the blocks are formed and hardened before they are brought to the job site.
Most concrete blocks have one or more hollow cavities, and their sides may be cast
smooth or with a design. In use, concrete blocks are stacked one at a time and held
together with fresh concrete mortar to form the desired length and height of the wall.
(Koski, John 2000).

Concrete Hollow Block (CHB) is a compressed mixture of screened sand and


cement. Blocks are classified as bearing and non-bearing. Load bearing blocks are
those whose thickness ranges from 15 cm to 20 cm and are used to carry loads aside
from their own weight. Non-bearing blocks on the other hand are intended for walls,
partitions, fences, or carrying their own weight whose thickness ranges from 7.5 cm to
10 cm. The common and ordinary type of CHB are those with three whole cells vary in
sizes as there are different manufacturers using different moulds (Fajardo, 2000).

Concrete mixtures provide a wide range of mechanical and durability properties to


meet the design of a structure. Compressive strength is the most performance measure
used by engineers in designing building and other structures. It is measured by breaking
cylinders specimens in a compression testing machine. Compressive strength is
determined to meet the requirements of the specified strength in the job specification.
The specified strength is incorporated in the job documents (NRMCA, 2003).

Eastern Samar has an abundance source of river and sea sands to be utilized in
manufacturing of CHB. Balangiga, Guiuan and Llorente had a leading supply of river
sand, white sea sand, and gray sea sand, respectively. There are some CHB
manufacturers of these municipalities that had been using the sand available in their
respective places. 2Manufactured CHB are purchased by builders from different areas.
Many contractors and builders uses the best CHB to provide a good structures. This
shows that CHB are a growing concern. These material are highly useful and its
production are expected to increase as more new products are developed to meet the
demand of a growing population. In many cases, crushed CHB are thrown anywhere
and scattered in different places. Although, the local government is implementing the
proper waste disposal but theirs a process of recycling to be done.

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to develop and design a Concrete Hollow
Blocks ( CHB) from crushed CHB as aggregates.

Specifically, it aimed to determine the following:

1. Determine the satisfactory level of the product by the following criteria:

a. Durability

b. Compressibility

c. Acceptability
d. Appearance

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The type of materials that were used in this study were crushed Concrete Hollow
Blocks ( CHB) and moldered of CHB. These crushed CHB were molded and used as
alternative for aggregates. This study is only limited on the application for wall as
aggregates in terms of construction purposes.

Significant of the Study

This study is beneficial to the following:

Community. The product of this study will provide them economical construction
materials that is affordable to provide for.

Environment. The outcome of this study will help minimize solid waste materials
such as crushed CHB which have an impact in the environment.

Homeowners. This study will provide an economical block in construction


purposes.

Builders. This study will provide knowledge and information to enhance


construction method using this kind of 3material.

Government and Non-Government Sectors. This study will give them new
ideas of having a wide range of resources in terms of construction projects where junk
materials can be used.

The Engineering Students. This study will help encourage them to study
other materials and develop an idea in making innovative construction materials. At the
same time this awakens their minds in regards to environmental protection. 3
The Researcher. The result of this study will help researchers in terms of
4innovating products made up of junk materials.

The University. The findings of this study will help the university to reduce the use
of solid waste materials such as crushed CHB.

Definition of Terms

The researchers provide definitions of the following terms to have a clearer


understanding of the terms mentioned in this study. 4

Aggregates. This term describes to the mineral materials, such as sand or stone,
used in making concrete (Farlex, 2019). In this study, it is the crushed 4of CHB. . 4

Concrete Hollow Block. This term refers to the building material in the
construction of walls. It is sometimes called a concrete masonry unit (CMU). A concrete
block is one of several precast concrete products used in construction. (Koski,John
2000). In this study, it is the result were crushed CHB will be formed into one.

Compressive Strength. This term refers to the maximum compressive load, which
a sample can bear before its fracture, divided by its cross-sectional area. (Waste
Management, 2020).

Durability. This term refers to the quality of product being strong and in good
condition over a long period of time (Merriam Webster, 2019). In this study, it refers to
how durable the product would last without significant deterioration.

Compressibility. It refers to the ability of something (such as a fluid) to be reduced


in volume or size under pressure(Merriam Webster, 2019). In this study, it refers to how
the crushed CHB as aggregates would work together.

Acceptability. It refers to the quality of being acceptable (Your Dictionary,


2018). In this study, it is how good 4the quality of the final product to be acceptable for
the consumers.
Appearance. It refers to the way that something looks (Oxford Dictionary, 2019).
In this study it refers to the outside looks of the final product. 5

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