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15 views

Business Report

working

Uploaded by

murali.dhiviya96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Business Report

PGPDSBA.O.AUG24.A

Dhiviya Muralidharan

PROBLEM – 1

A physiotherapist with a male football team is interested in studying the relationship between foot
injuries and the positions at which the players play from the data collected.

Striker Forward Attacking Midfielder Winger Total

Players Injured 45 56 24 20 145

Players Not Injured 32 38 11 9 90

Total 77 94 35 29 235

Based on the above data, answer the following questions.

1.1 What is the probability that a randomly chosen player would suffer an injury?

P(Injury)=Total Injured Players/Total Players


=145/235≈0.617

The total number of players are 235.


The total number of players Injured are 145
The probability that a randomly chosen player would suffer an injury is 0.62 or 62%

1.2 What is the probability that a player is a forward or a winger?


P(Forward or Winger)=Total Forwards+Total Wingers/Total Players

=94+29/235=123/235≈0.523

The total number of players are 235.


The total number of players playing as a forward are 94
The total number of players playing as a winger are 29
The probability that a player is a forward or a winger 0.52 or 52.34%

1.3 What is the probability that a randomly chosen player plays in a striker position
and has a foot injury?

P(Striker and Injured)=Injured Strikers/Total Players


=45/235≈0.191
The total number of players which are strikers are 77
The total number players which are striker and have injury are 45
So, the probability for player which are strikers and have foot injury are 45/77 which is 0.5844 or
58.44%
The probability that a randomly chosen player plays in a striker position and has a foot injury is
0.19

1.4 What is the probability that a randomly chosen injured player is a striker?

P(Striker/Injured)
=45/145≈0.310

The Total number of injured players are 145


Total number of players which are injured and striker are 45
So, the probability of player chosen which are injured and is a striker is 0.31 or 31%

PROBLEM – 2

The breaking strength of gunny bags used for packaging cement is normally distributed with a mean
of 5 kg per sq. centimetre and a standard deviation of 1.5 kg per sq. centimetre. The quality team of
the cement company wants to know the following about the packaging material to better
understand wastage or pilferage within the supply chain; Answer the questions below based on the
given information; (Provide an appropriate visual representation of your answers, without which
marks will be deducted)

Observations from the problem


• Mean is 5kg per sq. Centimetre
• Standard deviation is 1.5kg per sq. Centimetre
• Gunny bas used for packaging is normally distributed.

2.1 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength of less than 3.17 kg
per sq cm?

Proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength less than 3.17 kg per sq cm: 0.1112
2.2 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength at least 3.6 kg per sq
cm.?

proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength at least 3.6 kg per sq cm: 0.8247

2.3 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength between 5 and 5.5
kg per sq cm.?

proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength between 5 and 5.5 kg per sq cm:
0.1306
2.4 What proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength NOT between 3 and
7.5 kg per sq cm.?

proportion of the gunny bags have a breaking strength NOT between 3 and 7.5 kg per sq cm:
0.1400

PROBLEM – 3

Zingaro stone printing is a company that specializes in printing images or patterns on polished or
unpolished stones. However, for the optimum level of printing of the image, the stone surface has to
have a Brinell's hardness index of at least 150. Recently, Zingaro has received a batch of polished and
unpolished stones from its clients. Use the data provided to answer the following (assuming a 5%
significance level);

Pre-analysis
• The Data Set consist of 75 Rows (Samples) and 2 Columns (Features).
• Mean for Unpolished is 134.11 and for Treated and Polished is 147.79
• Standard Deviation for Unpolished is 33.04 and for Treated and Polished is 15.59
• There are no Missing Values
• Both the data are Normally distributed across the samples

3.1 Zingaro has reason to believe that the unpolished stones may not be suitable for printing. Do
you think Zingaro is justified in thinking so?

Step 1: Define null and alternative hypothesis


Ho: u>=150
Ha: u<150

STEP 2-Decide the significance Level


Here we select alpha, 𝛼=0.05

Step 3: Identify the test statistic


We do not know the population standard deviation although the sample size is more than 30 still we
use the t distribution and the 𝑡𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 test statistic. It is left tailed t test.
Step 4: Calculate the p - value and test statistic
scipy.stats.ttest_1samp calculates the t test for the mean of one sample given the sample
observations and the expected value in the null hypothesis.

Values of t statistic= -4.16


Value of p = 0.000

Step 5: Decide to reject or accept null hypothesis


At Level of significance: 0.05
We reject the null hypothesis since p value < Level of significance

So, the statistical decision is we reject the null hypothesis at 5% level of significance
It means that there is sufficient evidence for Zingaro stone printing company to believe that
unpolished stones are not suitable for printing, that is they have Brinell’s hardness index of less than
150.

3.2 Is the mean hardness of the polished and unpolished stones the same?

Step 1: Define null and alternative hypothesis


Ho: Mean hardness of Polished and unpolished stones are same
Ha: Mean hardness of Polished and unpolished stones are not same

STEP 2-Decide the significance Level


Here we select alpha, 𝛼=0.05

Step 3: Identify the test statistic


We do not know the population standard deviation although the sample size is more than 30 still we
use the t distribution and the 𝑡𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑇 test statistic two sample test

Step 4: Calculate the p - value and test statistic


scipy.stats.ttest_1samp calculates the t test for the mean of two sample given the sample
observations and the expected value in the null hypothesis.

Values of t statistic= -3.2422


Value of p = 0.0015

Step 5: Decide to reject or accept null hypothesis


At Level of significance: 0.05
We reject the null hypothesis since p value < Level of significance

So, the statistical decision is we reject the null hypothesis at 5% level of significance
It means that there is sufficient evidence to believe that unpolished stones mean, and Polished stone
mean is same and equal.

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