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Thermal Resistance in Conduction

Practical

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18 views7 pages

Thermal Resistance in Conduction

Practical

Uploaded by

ankitakumari9944
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Resistance in Conduction

Conduction of heat is movement of heat between substances or molecules.


Thermal resistance in heat condition is represented in the diagram and by the
equation below.

The diagram illustrates how heat at an end at temperature T1 of an object of


cross-sectional area A and length L reaches an end at temperature T2 by
conduction.

The first equation indicates that the temperature difference between T1 and T2
is equal to the term surrounded by the red dashed line, multiplied by the heat
flow amount P.

The last equation indicates that the term surrounded by the red dashed line is
equivalent to the thermal resistance Rth.

in heat conduction, the thermal resistance can basically be thought of as


analogous to the electrical sheet resistance of an electrical conductor. It is well
known that the sheet resistance is determined using an equation in which
resistivity is substituted for the thermal conductivity inside the red dashed line.
Just as the resistivity is a value intrinsic to the material of an electrical
conductor, the thermal conductivity is also a value intrinsic to the material.

Convection
Convection: A movement phenomenon in which heat is transported by
movement of a fluid that has received heat. When there is no fluid present (i.e.
vacuum), heat movement by convection cannot be expected to occur.
Fluids: Something that flows, such as gases and liquids
Types of convection:
1. Natural convection: Flow is driven solely by buoyancy due to temperature
differences in a fluid.
2. Forced convection: Flow is driven by an external factor, such as a fan or
pump.

Thermal resistance in convection is the reciprocal of the product of the


convective heat transfer coefficient hm and the surface area A of the object
emitting heat. From the equation, we see that as the surface area of the object
increases, the thermal resistance of convection decreases and The convective
heat transfer coefficient hm differs depending on the type of convection.
Extra notes

Thermal resistance- thermal resistivity

Thermal resistance is a heat property and a temperature difference measurement


by which an objector material resists a heat flow. The thermal resistance for
conduction in a plane wall is defined as

Rt = L/(kA)
Where

L = Plane thickness, m

K = Material conductivity, W/m.K

A = Plane area, m2

Thermal resistance is the reciprocal of thermal conductance.

There is an analogy between diffusion of heat and electrical charge. Just as


Thermal resistance is associated with conduction of heat, electrical resistance is
associated with the conduction of electricity.

Consider a plane wall of thickness L and average thermal conductivity k. The


two surfaces of the wall are maintained at constant temperatures of T 1 and T2.
For one-dimensional steady heat conduction through the wall, we have T(x).
Then Fourier’s law of heat conduction for the wall can be expressed as:
The concept of thermal resistance can be used in a variety of engineering
branches, we define:
 Absolute thermal resistance, Rt, which has units of [K/W]. Absolute
thermal resistance is a property of a particular component, which has
defined geometry (thickness – L, area – A, and shape). For example, a
characteristic of a defined heat exchanger. Only a temperature difference is
needed to solve for heat transfer.
 The specific thermal resistance or specific thermal resistivity, Rλ, has
units of [(K·m)/W]. Specific thermal is a material constant, and material
thickness and a temperature difference are required to solve for heat
transfer.
 R-value. R-value (thermal insulance factor) is a measure of thermal
resistance. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness.
Thermal insulance has the units [(m 2.K)/W] in SI units or [(ft2·°F·hr)/Btu] in
imperial units. It is the thermal resistance of the unit area of a material. The
R-value depends on the type of insulation, its thickness, and its density. An
area and a temperature difference are required to solve for heat transfer.
The analogy to Electric Resistance

The equation above for heat flow is analogous to the relation for electric
current flow I, expressed as:
where Re = L/σeA is the electric resistance and V 1 – V2 is the voltage difference
across the resistance (σe is the electrical conductivity). The analogy between
both equations is obvious. The rate of heat transfer through a layer corresponds
to the electric current, the thermal resistance corresponds to electrical
resistance, and the temperature difference corresponds to the voltage difference
across the layer. The temperature difference is the potential or driving
function for the heat flow, resulting in the Fourier equation being written in a
form similar to Ohm’s Law of Electrical Circuit Theory.
The heat transfer through the composite wall can be calculated from these
resistances. The rate of steady heat transfer between two surfaces is equal to the
temperature difference divided by the total thermal resistance between those
two surfaces.

Thermal Contact Resistance – Thermal Contact Conductance

In thermal engineering, the thermal contact conductance [W/m2.K] or thermal


contact resistance [m2.K/W] represents the heat conduction between two solid
bodies. When components are bolted or pressed together, a knowledge of the
thermal performance of such joints is also needed. The temperature
drop across the interface between materials may be appreciable in these
composite systems. This temperature drop is characterized by the thermal
contact conductance coefficient, hc, which indicates the thermal conductivity,
or ability to conduct heat, between two bodies in contact.

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