Name ____________________

AP Calculus BC
Notes Packet 4 2024-25
Integration
5.2 Area
5.6 Trapezoidal Rule
5.3 The Riemann Sum
5.1 Antiderivatives, Indefinite Integration,
Vertical Motion
5.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,
Average (Mean) Value Theorem
5.5 Integration by Substitution
5.7 Integration Involving Natural Logs
5.8 Inverse Trig Functions
 AP Calculus BC
Second Marking Period 2024 - 2025 October 24 – November 19, 2024
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
October 21 B Day 22 A Day 23 B Day 24 A Day 25 B Day

5.2 Area
Test: Chapter 4, Related Rates 5.6 Trapezoidal Rule

28 A Day 29 B Day 30 A Day 31 B Day November 1

Skill Check: Area, Trapezoidal Rule

5.1 Antiderivatives, Indefinite Integration HOLIDAY
5.3 Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals

4 5 6 A Day 7 B Day 8 A Day

Skill Check: Indefinite Integrals Quiz 5.2, 5.3, 5.6

STAFF
HOLIDAY 5.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, 5.5 Integration by
DEVELOPMENT
Average Value (MVT for Integrals) Substitution
11 B Day 12 A Day 13 B Day 14 A Day 15 B Day

Quiz 5.2, 5.3, 5.6 Skill Check: Subs., Natural Logs, Inv. Trig
Skill Check: FTC, 2nd FTC
5.7 Integration Involving Natural Logs AP Practice; Review for Chapter 5 Test
5.5 Integration by
Substitution 5.8 Inverse Trig Functions Quiz 5.4-5.5
18 A Day 19 B Day 20 A Day 21 B Day 22 A Day

Test: Chapter 5
Part 1: Area, Trapezoidal Rule, Riemann
Sums, Average Value
Part 2: FTC, Substitution, Natural Log,
Inverse Trig Functions

2
Chapter 5 5.1-5.8 2024-25

Date Topic Learning Targets: I can…

Thursday, 10/24 • 5.2 Area *approximate a definite integral using
Friday, 10/25 • 5.6 Trapezoidal Rule geometric and numerical methods
HW: p. 299, 346

Monday, 10/28 • Skill Check: Area & Trapezoid Rule *interpret and represent the limiting case of
Tuesday, 10/29 • 5.3 The Riemann Sum & Definite the Riemann sum as a definite integral
Integrals
HW: p. 309

Wednesday, 10/30 • 5.1 Antiderivatives, Indefinite *determine antiderivatives of functions and

Thursday, 10/31 Integration, & Vertical Motion indefinite integrals using knowledge of
HW: p. 287 derivatives

Wednesday, 11/6 • Skill Check: Indefinite Integrals *calculate areas in the plane using the
Thursday, 11/7 • 5.4 Fundamental Theorem of definite integral
Calculus, Average (Mean) Value *evaluate definite integrals analytically
Theorem using the Fundamental Theorem of
HW: p. 324 Calculus

Friday, 11/8 • Quiz 5.2, 5.3, 5.6 *demonstrate mastery of basic integration
Monday, 11/11 • 5.5 Integration by Substitution on the quiz
HW: p. 337 *use substitution to determine indefinite
integrals involving compositions of
functions

Tuesday, 11/12 • Skill Check: FTC, 2nd FTC *evaluate integrals involving natural logs
Wednesday, 11/13 • 5.7 Integration Involving Natural and inverse trig functions
Logarithms
• 5.8 Inverse Trig Function Integration
HW: p. 354, 362

Thursday, 11/14 • Skill Check: Substitution, Natural *demonstrate mastery of the FTC, 2nd FTC,
Friday, 11/15 Logs, Inverse Trig and integration by substitution on the quiz
• AP Practice *review and prepare for the Chapter 5 Test
• Quiz 5.4-5.5
• Review for Chapter 5 Test

Monday, 11/18 Chapter 5 Test *demonstrate mastery of integration on the

Tuesday, 11/19 test

3
5.2 Notes: Area
n

a
i =1
i = a1 + a2 + a3 + + an

7
ex. i
i =3
2
=

Formulas (need to memorize bottom row)

n n n n n n

 c = cn
i =1
 cai = c ai
i =1 i =1
 ( ai  bi ) =  ai   bi
i =1 i =1 i =1

n ( n + 1) n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n 2 ( n + 1)
2
n n n

i = 2
i 2
=
6
i
i =1
3
=
4
i =1 i =1

n
i +1
ex. 
i =1 n2
=

4
Area

Any polygon could be divided up into triangles and/or rectangles and add up the pieces.

Circle

Area is less than the 8-sided polygon (octagon) when a circle is inscribed
and more than a polygon when the circle is circumscribed. As the number
of sides increases, a better estimate can be found.

Method of Exhaustion – Archimedes

Use this type of method for curves.

ex. Approximate the area of the region between the graph of f ( x ) = x 2 and the x-axis from
x = 1 to x = 3.

inscribed rectangles circumscribed rectangles

• is estimate high or low? • is estimate high or low?
• how would more partitions affect accuracy?

For f ( x ) = x 2 on [1, 3], f is increasing / f '  0 , so

left endpoints are an ___________________________;
right endpoints are an ___________________________.
5
 f ( x) f '( x)  0 f '( x)  0
left
endpoints
right
endpoints

Lower sum = Upper sum = Δx =

Since f(x) is continuous on [a, b], the Extreme Value Theorem says each subinterval has a
maximum and minimum value of f(x).

Book: _______ = min value of f(x) in ith subinterval.

_______ = max value of f(x) in ith subinterval.

Area of inscribed rectangle: ____________ Area of circumscribed rectangle: ___________

______________  Actual Area  ______________

Lower sum: Upper sum:

ex. For f ( x ) = x 2 on [1, 3], use left and right endpoints to find two approximations for area on
the interval. Use four rectangles.

Since the “best” estimate would be when n→, that means Δx→0 so the lower and upper
sums are the same. We are “squeezing” the answer.

Let f be continuous and positive on [a, b]. The area between f(x), x = a, x = b, and the x-axis
would be:

Area of Region =

*see bottom of p. 296

6
5.6 Notes: Trapezoidal Rule

1
Area of a trapezoid: h ( b1 + b2 )
2
h = width =
b1 = left =
b2 = right =
Area of the ith trapezoid =

(b − a )
3

Error   max f " ( x )  f”(x) must be continuous on [a, b]

12n 2  

To find the total area, find the sum of the areas of all of the trapezoids.

b−a b−a b−a

A=  f ( x0 ) + f ( x1 ) +  f ( x1 ) + f ( x2 ) + +  f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn )
2n 2n  2n 

b−a
Trapezoid Rule: A=  f ( x0 ) + 2 f ( x1 ) + 2 f ( x2 ) + + 2 f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn )
2n 
*only works for equal widths


ex. 0
cos x dx Apply the trapezoid rule using 6 subintervals.

7
ex. Apply the Trapezoidal Rule to approximate the area of the region bounded by f(x) using 3
subintervals. Assume the function is an increasing function.

x 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
f(x) 2 5 9 11 15 20 23

ex. Apply the Trapezoidal Rule to approximate the area of the region bounded by f(x).
Assume f(x) is an increasing function.

x 1 4 6 9 11 15
f(x) 2 5 9 11 15 20

a) 5 subintervals

b) 3 subintervals

8
5.2 Practice (p. 299)

Find the sum.

6
1.  ( 3i + 2 )
i =1
6
3
4. j
j =4

1 1 1 1
7. Use sigma notation to write the sum of + + + + .
5(1) 5(2) 5(3) 5(11)

Use left and right endpoints and the given number of rectangles to find two approximations of
the area of the region between the graph of the function and the x-axis over the given interval.
25. f ( x ) = 2 x + 5,  0, 2 , 4 rectangles
30. g ( x ) = sin x,  0,   , 6 rectangles

1
31. Bound the area of the shaded region by 31. 35. y=
approximating the upper and lower sums. x
Use rectangles of width 1. (Shading under
the curve is on the interval [0, 4].)

35. Use upper and lower sums to approximate

the area of the region using the given
number of subintervals (of equal width).

62. Use the Midpoint Rule with n=4 to approximate the area of the region bounded by the
graph of f ( x ) = x2 + 4 x and the x-axis over the interval [0, 4].

5.6 Practice (p. 346)

Use the Trapezoidal Rule with the given value of n to approximate the value of the definite
integral. Round your answer to four decimal places.
2 2
1. 0 x dx , n=4
3 2
4. 2 x2 dx , n=4
9
7. 4 x dx , n=8

2
10. 0 x x 2 + 1 dx , n=4

3
20. 1 ln x dx , n=4

9
5.3 Notes: Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals

Riemann Sum

If f is continuous and non-negative on the interval [a, b], then the area of the region bounded
by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the vertical lines x = a and x = b is
n
b−a
Area = lim  f (ci )xi ; x =
n → n
i =1

5
ex. Which of the following limits is equal to ∫3 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 ?
4 4

n
k 1 n
 2k  1
a) lim   3 +  c) lim   3 + 
k =1  n n k =1  n  n
n → n →

4 4

n
k 2 n
 2k  2
b) lim   3 +  d) lim   3 + 
k =1  n n k =1  n  n
n → n →

The answer is D because x is 5 − 3 = 2 and

n n
4

f(ci) =  3 +  .
2k
 n 

Partitions don’t have to be the same width. Partitions: a = x0  x1  x2   xn = b

Subintervals:  x0, x1  ,  x1, x2  , …  xn −1, xn  . Let ci be in the subinterval  xi −1 , xi  .

Each rectangle would have a height of _______ and a width _______________.

ex. Find the Riemann Sum for f ( x ) = 8 + 12sin x − 4 x over [0, 4] if the partition is:
x0 = 0, x1 = 1, x2 = 1.8, x3 = 2.9, x4 = 4 and the intermediate points: c = 0.4, 1.2, 2, 3.5 .

10
ex. Estimate the area under the curve y = x2 from [1,4]. n=3

a) Left sum b) Right sum

c) Midpoint sum d) Trapezoidal sum

ex. Approximate the area of the region bounded by f(x). Assume f(x) is an increasing function.

x 1 4 6 9 11 15
f(x) 2 5 9 11 15 20

a) Left Riemann sum b) Right Riemann sum

c) Midpoint sum d) Trapezoidal sum

11
 n
Area = lim  f (ci )xi  =  f ( x )dx .
b b

n →
i =1
 f ( x )dx is known as a ________________________
a a

where a = _______________________ and b = _______________________. This integral

represents the _________________________________________.

Definite Integral

 f ( x )dx = Numerical Value

a

Continuity Implies Integrability

If a function f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b], then f is integrable on [a, b].

Two ways to evaluate a definite integral, at this time –

1) Rectangle methods/Trapezoids
2) Use a geometric formula

Sketch the region corresponding to each definite integral. Then evaluate each integral using a
geometric formula.
3 3
1)  4dx = _____ 2)  (2 x − 3)dx = _____
1 0

2 4

( 4 − x )dx = _____  3 − x dx = _____

2
3) 4)
−2 0

12
Properties of Definite Integrals
a
A) If f is defined at x = a, then  f ( x )dx = 0
a
a b
B) If f is integrable on [a, b], then  f ( x )dx = −  f ( x )dx
b a
C) If f is integrable on the three closed intervals determined by a, b, and c, and a<c<b, then
b c b

 f ( x )dx =  f ( x )dx +  f ( x )dx

a a c
b a
D) If f is integrable on the closed interval [a, b] and  f ( x )dx = c, then  f ( x )dx = −c
a b

b b
E) If f is integrable on the closed interval [a, b] and  f ( x )dx = c, then  k  f ( x )dx = k  c
a a
F) If f and g are both integrable on the closed interval [a, b], then
b b b

 f ( x )  g ( x ) dx =  f ( x )dx   g ( x )dx
a a a

G) If f and g are integrable on the closed interval [a, b] and

b b
f ( x )  g ( x ) for every x in [a, b], then  f ( x )dx   g ( x )dx .
a a

3
5) Evaluate  ( − x + 4 x − 3)dx using each of the following values.
2

1
3 3 3
26
 x dx =  xdx = 4  dx = 2
2

1 3 1 1

3 6
6) Given  f ( x )dx = 4 and  f ( x )dx = −1 evaluate:
0 3
6 3
a)  f ( x )dx b)  f ( x )dx
0 6

3 6
c)  f ( x )dx d)  −5f ( x )dx
3 3

13
5.3 Practice (p. 309)
Set up a definite integral that yields the area of the region. (Do not evaluate the integral.)

15. 18. 21. f ( x ) = cos x 26. f ( x ) = 2e− x

Sketch the region whose area is given by the definite integral. Then use a geometric formula to
evaluate the integral (a > 0, r > 0).

0 (8 − 2x ) dx
4 3 7
29. 0 x dx 32. 35. −7 49 − x 2 dx

51. The graph of f consists of line segments and a semicircle, as shown. Evaluate each
definite integral by using geometric formulas.

0 f ( x ) dx 2 f ( x ) dx
2 6
(a) (b)

−4 f ( x ) dx −4 f ( x ) dx
2 6
(c) (d)

−4 f ( x ) dx −4  f ( x ) + 2 dx

6 6
(e) (f)

52. The graph of f consists of line segments, as shown. Evaluate each definite integral by
using geometric formulas.

0 − f ( x ) dx 3 3 f ( x ) dx
1 4
(a) (b)

0 f ( x ) dx 5 f ( x ) dx
7 11
(c) (d)

0 f ( x ) dx 4 f ( x ) dx
11 10
(e) (f)

0 f ( x ) dx = 4 .
5
53. Consider the function f that is continuous on the interval [-5, 5] and for which
Evaluate each integral.

0  f ( x ) + 2 dx −2 f ( x + 2) dx −5 f ( x ) dx −5 f ( x ) dx

5 3 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (f is even) (d) (f is odd)

Find possible values of a and b that make the statement true. If possible, use a graph to
support your answer. (There may be more than one correct answer.)

f ( x ) dx +  f ( x ) dx =  f ( x ) dx
1 5 b b
63. −2 1 a
65. a sin x dx  0

f ( x ) dx +  f ( x ) dx −  f ( x ) dx =  f ( x ) dx
3 6 b 6 b
64. −3 3 a −1
66. a cos x dx = 0
14
5.1 Notes: Antiderivatives and Indefinite Integrals

If f(x) = 3x2 and F’(x) = f(x), what is F(x)? An antiderivative of f(x) would be F(x) = ________.
The indefinite integral would be ________________.

ex. Find the general solution to the differential equation y’ = 3x.

 F ' ( x ) dx = ___________ y=

d 
f ( x ) dx  = ________
dx   

Integration and differentiation are _____________. Indefinite integral = __________________.

ex. Original Rewrite Integrate Simplify

1
a) x 5
dx


3
b) x dx

c)  2 sin x dx

sin x
d)  cos 2
x
dx

ex. F ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 1 ; find the particular solution that satisfies the condition F ( 2 ) = 4 .

15
 1. – 8.

 5 dt  9t
2
1. 2. dt

1 1
3.  4 x 2 dx 4. x x
dx

1
5.  ( 3x )2 dx 6.  ( sin  − cos  ) d

2 2
7.  t dt 8.  t 2 dt

ex. A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 22 m/sec from an initial height of 15
meters. Find the position function s(t).

16
5.1 Practice (p. 287)

Find the indefinite integral and check the result by differentiation.

(
12.  8x3 − 9 x2 + 4 dx )
 1 
14.   x+  dx
2 x
 1 
17.   x5  dx
 x 4 − 3x 2 + 5 
20.   x 4  dx
23.  ( 5cos x + 4sin x ) dx

 ( + sec  ) d
2 2
24.
26.  sec y ( tan y − sec y ) dy
 ( tan y + 1) dy
2
27.

 ( cos x + 3 ) dx
x
30.

Find the particular solution that satisfies the differential equation and the initial condition.
35. f ' ( x ) = 6 x, f ( 0 ) = 8
37. f " ( x ) = 2, f ' ( 2 ) = 5, f ( 2 ) = 10
2
42. f " ( x ) = , f ' (1) = 4, f (1) = 3
x2

52. The rate of growth dP / dt of a population of bacteria is proportional to the square root of t,
dP
where P is the population size and t is the time in days ( 0  t  10 ) . That is, = k t . The
dt
initial size of the population is 500. After 1 day the population has grown to 600. Estimate
the population after 7 days.

63. A particle moves along the x-axis at a velocity of v ( t ) = 1/ t , t  0 . At time t = 1, its position
is x = 4. Find the acceleration and position functions for the particle.

64. A particle, initially at rest, moves along the x-axis such that its acceleration at time t > 0 is
given by a(t) = cos t. At the time t = 0, its position is x = 3.
(a) Find the velocity and position functions for the particle.
(b) Find the values of t for which the particle is at rest.

17
5.4 Notes: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

1) If f is continuous on [a, b] and F is an antiderivative of f on [a, b], then

 f ( x ) dx = F (b ) − F ( a )
b
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
a

Alternative form that can appear on the AP Exam: f ( b ) = f ( a ) +  f " ( x ) dx

b
a

2) If f is continuous on [a, b] and x is a (variable) point in (a, b), then

d x
f ( t ) dt = f ( x )
dx a
Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

*frequently tested on both MC & FR on AP Exam

d x 3 d sin x
dx 1 dx 0
ex. t dt ex. t dt

d x2 1
dx 2 t 3
ex. dt

d x2
( 3t − 1) dt d 4 2
dx 1 dx x
ex. ex. tan u cos u du

3
d 5 x2
( 2t + 7 ) dt
d 2 x3 2
( )
2
d t
dx 2 dx 0 dx 4
x
dt 2t + 3 dt
t 2 + 17

18
Mean Value Theorem for Integrals

 f ( x ) dx = f ( c )(b − a )
b

Guarantees existence, not how to find it.

f(c) is called the ___________________________________.

Average (Mean) Value = f(c) =

Find the average value of f(x) on [a, b].

ex. f ( x ) = 4 x 3 , [1, 3]

ex. f ( x ) = x + x , [-3, 2]

19
Evaluate the definite integral.



3
 e x dx
6
ex. sec x tan x dx ex.
0 0

e2 2
  ( 2x − 5) dx
3
ex. dx ex.
1 x 0

 v (t ) dt
b
Total displacement:
a

 v (t ) dt
b
Total distance:
a

v ( t ) dt 1 b
v ( t ) dt
b
Average Velocity: 
a b−a
or
b − a a

ex. Let v ( t ) = t 3 − 10t 2 + 29t − 20 (ft/sec)

a) Find the total displacement on [1, 5].
b) Find the total distance on [1, 5].
Given: v(t) has a zero at t = 1.

20
5.4 Practice (p. 324)

Evaluate the definite integral.

1 ( 6 x ) −1 (t )
2 3 
−1( 2x −1) dx
0 2 0
− 3x dx 1  x 2 − 1 dx − t 2/3 dt
2 1/3
7. 10. 13. 21.

 /4 1 − sin 2 
(3 − x − 3 ) dx 0 ( 2 )
4 2
1 0 d + 6 dx
x
24. 29. 35.
cos 
2

42. Determine the area of the given region. Find the area of the region bounded by the
graphs of the equations.
y = x + sin x
44. y = x3 + x, x = 2, y = 0

48. y = e x , x = 0, x = 2, y = 0

Find the value(s) of c guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals for the function
over the given interval.
  
49. f ( x ) = x3 , 0,3 53. f ( x ) = 2sec2 x,  − , 
 4 4

62. The graph shows the velocity, in feet 63. The graph of f is shown in the figure.
per second, of a decelerating car after
the driver applies the brakes. Use the
graph to estimate how far the car
travels before it comes to a stop.

1 f ( x ) dx .
7
(a) Evaluate

(b) Determine the average value of f on [1, 7].

(c) Determine the answers to parts (a) and (b)

when the graph is translated up 2 units.

continued →→→
21
64. Let r’(t) represent the rate of growth of a dog, in pounds per year. What does r(t)

2 r ' (t ) dt
6
represent? What does represent about the dog?

Use the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find F’(x).

x t
2 
87. F ( x ) =  ( ) 88. F ( x ) =   2  dt 89. F ( x ) = 
x x
t 2 − 2t dt t 4 + 1 dt
−2 1 t +1 −1
 

90. F ( x ) =  91. F ( x ) =  t cos t dt 92. F ( x ) =  sec3 t dt

x x x
4
t dt
1 0 0

Find F’(x).
x2  1 
95. F ( x ) =  96. F ( x ) =   3  dt
sin x
t dt
0 2 t 

x3 x2
97. F ( x ) =  sin t 2 dt 98. F ( x ) =  sin  2 d
0 0

113. Describe why the following statement is incorrect.

3 /4 3 /4

 /4 sec2 x dx =  tan x  = −2
 /4

22
5.5 Notes: Substitution – Integral of Composition

 f ( g ( x ) ) = f ' ( g ( x ) ) g ' ( x )
d
Chain Rule:
dx  
Then:  f ' ( g ( x ) )g ' ( x ) dx = f ( g ( x ) ) + C

For each example, define u and du, then integrate.

 2x ( x )  3x
4
1. 2
+ 1 dx 2. 2
x3 + 1 dx

 3 x − 2 dx  sec  ( tan  + 3) d
2
3. 4.

x x3 + 1 dx  sin 2  cos 2  d 
2 3
5. 6.

23
 x x4 + 11 dx  25 − x2 dx
3
7. 8.

x tan 
9.  cos ( x ) dx
2 2
10.  cos 2

d

11.  3x dx

12.  sin 2 d

24
 U–Substitution
1

(x + 1) xdx
2 4
Look at the problem
0

When you change the variables, you also have the option of changing the upper and lower
bounds to coincide with the variable change. For example, when you let u = x2 + 1 in this
problem, you can figure out what value of u corresponds to the x values of 0 and 1 (the lower
and upper bounds respectively). You do this by plugging the x-value into the substitution
equation and solving for u.
In this case, x = 0 corresponds to u = 02 + 1 ➔ u = 1
and, x = 1 corresponds to u = 12 + 1 ➔ u = 2
Then the DEFINITE integral would be:
2
1 4
2 1
u du

and the problem would continue on from there. You would never have to substitute back in the
corresponding x values and terms for u:
2
1 1 5 
2
= ( 25 − 15 ) =
1 4 1 31
21 u du =  u 
2  5 1 10 10

You never are required to do this. However, you are required to be able to pick out the
substitution integral in a multiple choice question.

4
13. 5/2 x 2 x − 4 dx

−2 ( x −1)
2
14. 2 − x dx

25
 x
A weird situation can occur like this as well. Consider this problem:  2x −1
dx
Naturally you would like to set u = to the denominator or the radicand (the thing under the radical).
Option A Option B

So let’s set u = 2 x − 1 So let’s set u = 2x -1

Solve u = 2x – 1 for x:
1
then du = dx so the denominator is 1
2x −1 x= ( u + 1)
2
covered, but what about the x on top? Then du = 2 dx, but what about the x on top?
u = 2x −1 Now look at the integral:
u2 = 2x −1 x  1 
 2x −1
dx =  x   dx
2x −1 
u2 +1 = 2x
Because of what du is, we need to introduce a 2.
x = ( u 2 + 1)
1
1  1 
2   2 x − 1 
2 x 2dx
x  1 
 2 x −1 dx =  x   dx
2x −1 
Now substitute in accordingly:
1 1 1
The parenthesis because du, and substitute in  ( u + 1) du
for x. 2 2 u
1 u +1
 2 (u + 1) du
1
4 u
2
du

1
2  ( u 2 + 1) du
1 1/2
4  u + u −1/2 du

1 1 3  1  2 3/2 
 u + u + C  u + 2u1/2  + C
2 3  4 3 
1 3 1 1 3/2 1 1/2
u + u +C u + u +C
6 2 6 2
1 1 1 1
( 2 x − 1) + ( 2 x − 1) + C ( 2 x − 1) + ( 2 x − 1) + C
3/2 1/2 3/2 1/2

6 2 6 2

The answers are the same!

Problems 61 and 63 in the 5.5 practice are examples of this type of problem. You DO need to know
how to do this type of problem.

Let’s integrate #14 from the previous page as an indefinite integral.

 ( x − 1) 2 − x dx

26
5.5 Practice (p. 337)

Find the indefinite integral and check the result by differentiation.

6 x2 1
15.  5 x 3 1 − x 2 dx 20.  dx 25.  dx
( )
3
4 x3 − 9 2x

dy x−4
30. Solve: =
dx x2 − 8x + 1

Find the indefinite integral.

1 1 5 − ex
33.   sin  x dx 37.  2
cos d

47.  e2 x dx

 ln ( e ) dx
sin  x
e
2 x −1
49. cos  x dx 52.

Use u-substitution to find the indefinite integral.

x x + 6 dx x 1 − x dx
2
61. 63.

Evaluate the definite integral.

0 x ( 2 x + 1)
1 2 2 1− x
1 e
3 4
70. dx 78. dx

3/ x
3e  /4
79. 1 x 2
dx 84.  /12 csc 2 x cot 2 x dx

27
5.7 Notes: Integrals Involving Natural Log

ex.  tan x dx

ex.  cot x dx

d
ex. ln sec x + tan x 
dx 

3x 2 + 1
ex.  3 dx
x +x

28
 x3 + x 2 + 1
ex.  x3 + 1 dx

1
ex.  x ln x dx


ex. 0
4
1 + tan 2 x dx

ex
 e x + 1 dx

29
5.8 Notes: Inverse Trig Functions

Previously: Thus:
d u'
( arcsin u ) =  
du u
= arcsin + C
dx 1− u2 a2 − u 2 a

d
( arctan u ) =
u'
 a
du 1 u
= arctan + C
dx 1+ u2 2
+u 2
a a

d u' u
( arcsec u ) =  u
du
=
1
arcsec + C
dx u u2 −1 u2 − a2 a a

dx dx

2

1
ex. ex.
0 x +1
2 0
9 − x2

dx
ex. x 4 x2 −1

dx
ex. x 2
+ 4x + 9

25
ex. Water is draining from a pool at a rate of P ( t ) = cubic feet per minute, where t is
1+ t 2
measured in minutes. How many cubic feet of water is drained in the first minute?

30
 dx x dx
ex. (a) x x2 −1
(b)  x2 −1
dx (c)  x2 −1

ln x dx
ex. (a)  ln x dx (b)  x
dx (c)  x ln x

9
arctan x 1
 1 + x2 dx ex.  4
3
2 3x − x 2
dx

31
5.7 Practice (p. 354)

Find the indefinite integral.

x2 − 2 x x3 − 8 x x 2 − 3x + 2
10.  3 dx 12.  dx 15.  dx
x − 3x 2 x2 x +1

( ln x )2 dx
21.  x
37.
cos t
 1 + sin t dt 39. 
sec x tan x
sec x − 1
dx 41. e
−x
( )
tan e− x dx

47. Find the particular solution that satisfies the differential equation and the initial equations.
2
f " ( x ) = 2 , f ' (1) = 1, f (1) = 1, x  0
x
Evaluate the definite integral.

1 1 e (1 + ln x )2 dx
52. 
−1 2 x + 3
dx 53. 1 x
74. Find the area of the region bounded by the graphs of the equations.
5x
y= 2 , x = 1, x = 5, y = 0
x +2

5.8 Practice (p. 362)

Find the indefinite integral.
dx 12 t e2 x
1.  9 − x2
4.  1 + 9 x2 dx 9.  t 4 + 25 dt 11.  4 + e4 x dx
Evaluate the definite integral.
ln 5 ex 1/ 2 arcsin x
27. 0 1 + e2 x
dx 31. 0 1 − x2
dx

Find or evaluate the integral by completing the square.

2 dx x
33. 0 x2 − 2 x + 2 41.  x4 + 2 x2 + 2 dx
Find the area of the region.
1
62. y = 3cos x 1 4
x x2 − 1
65. y =
1 + sin 2 x
68(a). Show that 0 1 + x2 dx =  .

32
AP Practice

33
34
 Chapter 5 Homework Assignment Key (even problems)

HW 5.2 (p. 299) HW 5.6 (p. 346)

4. Trapezoid: 0.3352

4.
37
20
30. Area =
6
( )
2 + 3 ≈ 1.9541 62. Area = 53 10. Trapezoid: 3.457
20. Trapezoid: 1.282

HW 5.3 (p. 309)

2 2

 x dx  2e
2 −x
18. 26. dx 32. Trapezoid: Area = 15
0 0

52. (a) ½ (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) -3 (e) 2 (f) -2


64. a = -3, b = -1 66. Answers may vary: One answer is a = 0, b = .  cos x dx = 0
0

HW 5.1 (p. 287)

2 3/2 3 5
12. 2 x − 3x + 4 x + C
4 3
14. x + x +C 20. x + − +C
3 x 3x3

1 3 3x
24.  + tan  + C 26. sec y − tan y + C 30. sin x + +C
3 ln 3

44. (a) Exponential decay 1

42. f ( x ) = −2 ln x + 6 x − 3 (b) y = +2
graph x

52. Approx. 2352 bacteria 64. (a) f ( t ) = − cos t + 4 (b) v(t) = 0 = sin t for t = k
where k is a whole number

HW 5.4 (p. 324)

19 13 2 +4 2
10. 24. 42. or +2
2 2 2 2

48. Area = e − 1
2
44. Area = 6

5
62. The distance traveled is  v ( t ) dt .
0
The area under the curve from 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 is approximately 29 squares (5) = 145 ft.
continued →

35
 HW 5.4 (p. 324) continued
64. r(t) represents the weight in pounds of the dog at time t.
6

 r ' ( t ) dt
2
represents the net change in the weight of the dog from year 2 to year 6.

x2
88. F ' ( x ) = F '( x) = 4 x 92. F ' ( x ) = sec x
3
90.
x2 + 1
2
96. F ' ( x ) = 2 x or F ' ( x ) = 98. F ' ( x ) = 2 x sin x
−5 4

x5

HW 5.5 (p. 337)

1
20. − +C 30. x2 − 8x + 1 + C 52. x2 − x + C
4 ( 4x − 9)
3 2

13 1
70. 78. −e−1 + 1 84.
12 2

HW 5.7 (p. 354)

1 x2
10. ln x3 − 3x 2 + C 12. − 8ln x + C
3 2

1 5
52. ln 5  0.805 74. ln 9 = 5ln 3  5.4931
2 2

HW 5.8 (p. 362)


4. 4 arctan (3x) + C 62. 68a. 
12

For answers to odd-numbered problems, go to www.calcchat.com and select Calculus ETF 6e.
Textbook problems are from Calculus of a Single Variable: Early Transcendental Functions,
Sixth Edition, AP® Edition by Ron Larson and Bruce Edwards

36