Journal of Sensor Science and Technology

Vol. 29, No. 3 (2020) pp. 162-171

http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/JSST.2020.29.3.162
pISSN 1225-5475/eISSN 2093-7563

Real -Time ECG Signal Acquisition and Processing Using LabVIEW

Akshay Kumar Sharma and Kyung Ki Kim+

Abstract

The incidences of cardiovascular diseases are rapidly increasing worldwide. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test to detect and mon-
itor heart issues via electric signals in the heart. Presently, detecting heart disease in real time is not only possible but also easy using
the myDAQ data acquisition device and LabVIEW. Hence, this paper proposes a system that can acquire ECG signals in real time, as
well as detect heart abnormalities, and through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) it can simultaneously reveal whether a particular waveform
is in range or otherwise. The main hardware components used in the system are the myDAQ device, Vernier adapter, and ECG sensor,
which are connected to ECG monitoring electrodes for data acquisition from the human body, while further processing is accomplished
using the LabVIEW software. In the Results section, the proposed system is compared with some other studies based on the features
detected. This system is tested on 10 randomly selected people, and the results are presented in the Simulation Results section.

Keywords: Electrocardiogram Signal Processing, NI myDAQ, NI LabVIEW Software, Data Acquisition, ECG Feature
Extraction

1. INTRODUCTION the electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system [2].

ECG refers to the recording of electric impulses of the heart

Most people assume that wellness, which actually entails taking muscles that are measured by small electrode patches that are

care of ourselves, indicates the absence of illness. In recent years, attached to the human body, specifically on the skin of the arms,

a drastic change has been experienced in the lifestyle of people chest, and legs. ECG signal processing mainly includes three

worldwide in reference to the shift in their gastronomic patterns steps: 1- ECG data acquisition; 2- Signal preprocessing; and 3-

from consuming healthy to street foods and transitioning from fit Feature extraction. Cardiac cells are the muscle cells that form

to fat. This habit has increased the risk of many maladies, chief heart muscles [2]. These cells are electrically polarized in the

among which are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). normal state, and their insides are negatively charged. The

With the loss of an estimated 17.9 million lives per year, CVDs fundamental electrical activity of the heart is depolarization,

are the primary cause of death globally. The menace of CVDs whereby cardiac cells lose their negativity. Depolarization occurs

remains escalating, with more than 75% of these deaths occurring from cell to cell, building a wave of that can be transmitted across

in developing countries [1]. CVD does not connote a single the whole heart. This depolarization wave builds an electric

disease, but it is an illness that includes all the issues related to the current flow, which is detectable through the use of electrodes.

heart and blood vessels of an individual. Some of the diseases Upon the completion of depolarization, cardiac cells return to their

under the umbrella of CVDs include arrhythmias and normal polarity through a process called repolarization, which is

congestive heart failure. Although there are several approaches to also identifiable by the electrodes [3]. When acquiring ECG

detect these types of disease, the most commonly used method is signals, some noise-like baseline wandering, powerline
interference, and noise due to electrode movement also develop.
Thus, we need to denoise (preprocess) the signal before using it
Department of Electronic Engineering, Daegu Universtiy for feature extractions, and the parameters responsible for this are
Daegudaero 201, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38543, Korea
+
Corresponding author: [email protected] the PR interval, PR segment, QRS interval, and ST segment [4],
(Received: May. 22, 2020, Revised: May. 30, 2020, Accepted: May. 31, 2020) as shown in Fig. 1.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
ECG results tell us about the heart rate and rhythm and inform
Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(https://creativecommons.org/ us whether or not there is an enlargement of the heart due to high
licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution,
blood pressure (hypertension) or if there is any evidence of a
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
previous heart attack (myocardial infarction) exists. ECG at rest is

J. Sens. Sci. Technol. Vol. 29, No. 3, 2020 162

 Real -Time ECG Signal Acquisition and Processing Using LabVIEW

Fig. 2. Block diagram of the model

Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) software.

This paper also includes considerations regarding the
notification of any arising heart-related problem, for example, a
Fig. 1. Normal ECG signal and its components
person would be aware of the affected part, i.e., the affected wave,
segment, or interval with the help of rounded light-emitting diodes
different from the ECG tested directly after exercising or if a (LEDs) and displays. Through this system, one can know about
person is in stress. In medical terms, the most efficient information the health of one’s heart, even before consulting the doctor. The
about the heart rate can be obtained by a P wave, QRS complex, system is divided into two parts: hardware and software. The
and T wave. A normal ECG signal is shown in Fig. 1. block diagram of this system is shown in Fig. 2. The hardware
In Fig. 1, five peaks and valleys are labeled as P, Q, R, S, and component consists of the National Instruments (NI) myDAQ
T. Proper ECG analysis depends on the accurate detection of these device, Vernier adapter, and ECG sensor, which are connected to
five waves only. To analyze an ECG signal, proper detection of ECG monitoring electrodes, for data acquisition from the human
the QRS complex is very important. Because using the QRS body. For the software part, NI LabVIEW is used. Notably, NI
complex only, we can find the heart rate accurately, which is the myDAQ is employed as a data acquisition device, whereas NI
most important parameter for heart issues [5]. The normal heart LabVIEW is adopted for display purposes, as well as to further
rate range lies between 60 and 100 beats per minute, and the process acquired data. In recent years, many researchers have
formula for calculating the heart rate is shown as follows [5]: worked on ECG classification using LabVIEW, and this section
describes some of these efforts [7-11].
1
Heart Rate = ----------------------------------------------- × 60 (1)
R – R interval ( sec )
2. HARDWARE
ECG is a reliable process for diagnosing heart-related issues,
saving the lives of many cardiac patients. However, in some
emergency cases patients may die because of delays in diagnoses The mainly used hardware components are ECG sensors,
and the inability to obtain immediate medications and fast actions. myDAQ device, and Vernier sensors.
Worldwide, studies are underway to develop some approaches and
algorithms for the swift and optimized feature extractions that 2.1. Electrodes and ECG sensor BT36i
require minimum times for displaying results; however, until now,
The electrical signals produced by the heart and measured on
the optimum algorithm has not been achieved [6].
the skin are very weak [12]. Therefore, a good quality electrode,
In the proposed system, a real-time ECG monitoring system is
as well as proper and good contact between the skin and
developed. Thus, the main objective of this research is to develop
electrodes, is very important to obtain a good signal quality.
a system that can acquire ECG signals in real time and then
Initially, ECG sensors determine the ECG signals from the body
extract features in no time. The method enables the recording and
using electrodes patches pasted on some specific locations of the
displaying of heart pulse rates and various ECG parameters, such
hands. The 3M monitoring electrode, 2223H, is used for sensing,
as the P wave, PR interval, PR segment, QRS complex, and QT
and they are high quality patented solid gel conforms to the skin
interval. The model helps to detect heart-related problems and
and the gel contains low chloride content that helps in less skin
displays it on the front panel of the Laboratory Virtual Instrument

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 Akshay Kumar Sharma and Kyung Ki Kim

Fig. 3. Electrodes and ECG sensors

Fig. 4. myDAQ device

irritation and increases the comfort level of the patients. Then, the
ECG BT36i sensor, with a memory chip with information about
the sensor name, measured quality, unit, and calibration, comes
into action, which measures the electrical potentials between 0–5
mV. These voltages are measured from the hands, specifically
from the wrist and elbow where the 3M monitoring electrodes are
pasted. This device has three wires to detect signals, and the colors
of the connected clips are blue, red, and white. Hence, we need
three electrodes to measure the signals, and two of them are pasted
on both wrists, while the last one is placed on the elbow of the
right hand. The electrodes used and ECG Sensor BT36i shown in
Fig. 3. The blue clip is attached to the left-hand wrist electrode,
while the red clip is placed on the right-hand wrist electrode, and
the white clip on the right-hand elbow electrode.
Fig. 5. Vernier myDAQ Adapter

2.2. NI myDAQ Device

screw terminal and header pins provide access to myDAQ lines
NI myDAQ is a low-cost data acquisition device, whereby one not used by the connector. Device sensors require a 5-V source,
can acquire real-world signals. It features eight plug-and-play and the external power supply of 5 V is applied to the Vernier
computer-based laboratory instruments when used with LabVIEW myDAQ device. Vernier myDAQ Adapter is shown in Fig. 5.
and includes digital multimeter and oscilloscopes. It is a compact
device that provides analog (as well as digital) input/output, audio,
and power supplies. The NI myDAQ device comes with a USB 3. PROPOSED METHDOLOGY
cable to connect it with the sensing device, audio and DMM
cables, terminal connector, and a software CD. ECG sensor BT36i LabVIEW was used for further processing, which was
is connected to the myDAQ device using Vernier adapter to developed by National Instruments. It is a piece of graphical
acquire real-world signals. The myDAQ device is shown in Fig. 4. programming software that provides visualization of all the
elements of an application, including hardware settings,
2.3. Vernier myDAQ Adapter measurement data, and debugging. LabVIEW is a software-based
graphical programming language that consists of two panels: a
The Vernier Adapter (BT-MDAQ) allows us to connect the
front panel and a block diagram panel. Graphical programming is
ECG sensor BT36i and NI myDAQ device. The adapter includes
achieved at the block diagram panel. The front panel is an area
two connectors for analog sensors and one for digital sensors. A
where the user interface is created. In the front panel, all the

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 Real -Time ECG Signal Acquisition and Processing Using LabVIEW

Fig. 7. Raw signal acquisition and denoising

sampling rate is better than the slow one because the

representation of the raw signal is better in fast sampling. Slow
sampling results in erroneously aliasing that outcome, which can
Fig. 6. Flow chart of the proposed algorithm
lead to a mistake in reading the raw signals. So, to get rid of
aliasing, the signal must be sampled at a rate greater than twice the
outputs of the block diagram are shown. LabVIEW is also called frequency [13]. Herein, the frequency-rate is taken as 250 Hz, and
virtual instruments (VI) because it is very much similar to the there are 1000 samples to read. The maximum and minimum
physical instruments used in the laboratories. One great advantage range of input signal is set to +5 V and -5 V, respectively. In the
of VI is that we can make our desired system. Herein, LabVIEW timing setting of the acquisition, the mode was opted as
was initially used to acquire ECG signals with the help of other continuous samples. After selecting all these parameters in the
hardware components, and then to extract the important ECG DAQ assistant, the raw ECG signal acquisition from the body
features with the help of “NI Biomedical Toolkit,” which allows commences. The Block diagram to acquire raw ECG signals in
for very efficient extraction of ECG features. LabVIEW is shown in Fig. 7, and the acquired raw ECG signals
Next, the methodology used to design this system is explained. are shown in Fig. 10.
For good and accurate detection of ECG signal parameters, we
need an algorithm that should be sufficiently efficient to properly 3.2. Denoising the ECG signal
acquire signals and perform the ECG signal feature extraction task
correctly. Then, that algorithm should be applied in LabVIEW Whenever we acquire signals from the real world, they carry

software to use it practically. The algorithm used herein is shown some noise. This can be baseline wandering, channel noise, or

in Fig. 6 which contains the steps that are used in the algorithm as motion artifacts, for example [14]. Baseline wander is a low-

follows: frequency noise that occurs due to body movement and respiration
[15]. It creates problems in detecting peaks in the signal,

3.1. Acquire ECG Signals especially R-peaks that are very important for the interpretation of
the ECG signal. Herein, to remove these kinds of artifacts/noise
In the first step, ECG Signals are acquired from the individual’s “Wavelet Denoise” is used, and to remove the baseline wander,
body with the help of sensors and myDAQ device. The LabVIEW eliminating the trend of the ECG signal is necessary. For
“DAQ Assistant” is used, and it is configured with the myDAQ removing baseline wander and other noises from the raw ECG
hardware device to acquire ECG signals. At the time of signal, the option for approximation is chosen as detrend,
measurement, the most important point is the sampling rate. The Thresholding rule is universal, soft thresholding is checked,
analog to digital and vice versa conversion depends on the wavelet is selected as db06, and transform type UWT
determination of the scan rate in the myDAQ device. The fast (Undecimated Wavelet Transform) is chosen. The block diagram

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 Akshay Kumar Sharma and Kyung Ki Kim

of the denoiser is shown in Fig. 7 and the denoise signal is shown

in Fig. 11.

3.3. Detecting R-Peaks

Herein, “Collector” and “WA Multi Peak Detection.vi” is used. Fig. 10. Raw acquired ECG signal

The collector is used to display the heart rate and its status
whether it is normal or suffering from tachycardia or bradycardia
using some more VI’s and WA Multi Peak detection.vi is used to
detect the R-peaks and display the same in the front panel.
R-peak detection is the most important part of ECG parameter
research. Herein, the Teager energy method is used, which is Fig. 11. Denoise ECG signal
based on squaring the signal amplitude. R-peaks have the highest
amplitude, which is greater than 1 mV [5]. Thus, it can be
detected efficiently with this method. After squaring “Bio-signal
rate Extractor.vi” is used and the high and low threshold value is
selected. A low threshold is selected as 2.5, and a high one as 3.
In Peaks/Valley, peaks are selected as we need to find R-peaks. As Fig. 12. Peaks detected in ECG signal
output, it will show us the “number of cycles,” and we further
apply Equation (1) to calculate the heartbeat rate: location and amplitude. Its block diagram is shown in Fig. 9, and
After calculating the heartbeats, the system will indicate the detected R-peaks shown in the front panel are presented in Fig.
whether they are normal or affected with tachycardia or 10, 11, and 12.
bradycardia. The block diagram of this part of the system is In this step “3,” the most important parameter of ECG features,
shown in Fig. 8. i.e., R-peaks, is detected, which can be used to find the correct
WA Multiscale Peak Detection.vi is used to detect the R-Peaks, heart rate and other important parameters. Since the R-peaks are
detected, in further steps all other ECG features, such as the
features related with P wave, PR interval, PR segment, QRS
complex, ST segment, QT interval, T wave, Statistics, and
whether or not the important waves are in range will be extracted
using the NI Biomedical Toolkit.

3.4. Detecting All ECG Parameters

Here, in step “4,” all ECG parameters will be extracted using

Fig. 8. Detecting heartbeats and their health “ECG Feature Extaractor.vi,” where both the Raw ECG and
denoised ECG are inserted. In the QRS detector parameters, the
threshold factor is selected as 0.1, in frequency band low is 10 and
high is opted as 25, QRS onset and offset are both set to long. In
feature extractor parameters, isoelectric limit is 0.05, PR interval
and QT interval are selected as long. In the selection type,
“waveform all features” are selected. As the result or extracted
features come into array format, the output of this is inserted into
the “Insert into Array” and into the “Array of Features” for getting
the features and also into the “Calculate ECG Feature Stats.vi” to
obtain the statistics of the features because the dimensionality of
Fig. 9. Detecting R-peaks the extracted features can be reduced by using statistics. The block

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 Real -Time ECG Signal Acquisition and Processing Using LabVIEW

numeric expressions.
In the front panel, the results of these extracted features are
shown with the help of the LED. The block diagram is shown in
Fig. 14. All these above-mentioned steps were involved in the
algorithm to detect the ECG features in real-time, and the full
block diagram of this model is shown in Fig. 15. In the next
section, the simulation results of the model are displayed.

4. SIMULATION RESULTS
Fig. 13. ECG feature extractor
The ECG signals are taken for 1 min from an individual’s body
Table 1. Heart Rate Range for Different Conditions to evaluate the performance of the system, and it is tested on 10

Arrhythmia Heart rate

randomly selected people. After 1 min, the values of the extracted

Normal Sinus rhythm 60–100 ECG features are taken and displayed as a result.
Sinus Bradycardia < 60 The first result is displayed after analyzing R-peaks and then
Sinus Tachycardia > 100 automatically the LED light is blown and displays the heart
condition, i.e., normal or suffering from tachycardia or
bradycardia and calculates heart health based on some parameters
diagram of the feature extractor is shown in Fig. 13. depicted in Table 1. Based on Table 1, parameters heart rate of 10
The extracted features are also inserted into an array to calculate people are taken and the result is shown in Table 2. In Fig. 16, the
whether the various intervals and segments are in range or not. output of the heart rate detector is shown on the front panel of the
The normal range of these segments and intervals is shown in modeled system. The heart rate detected to be 79 BPM; hence, the
Table 1. reason why the LED of the normal condition keeps blowing.
With this normal range of ECG signals, we have calculated if Second, the other ECG parameters, such as the P onset and P
the P wave, PR interval, PR segment, QRS complex, ST segment, offset values of all the waves, are extracted. The sequential
QT interval, T wave are in range or not using Boolean and activation right and left atria are represented by a P wave. If P

Fig. 14. Full block diagram of the system

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 Akshay Kumar Sharma and Kyung Ki Kim

Fig. 15. Waves are in range or not

Table 2. Result of the extracted heart rate

Subject Age Heart Rate
1 20 69.0337
2 24 79.0642
3 26 76.3951
4 26 158.556
5 32 97.5184
6 33 180.896
7 24 66.7805
8 27 71.3595
9 27 42.199
10 25 37.3361

wave is absent in the signal and has a flat baseline, this indicates
Fig. 16. Result of heartbeats in the front panel
fine atrial fibrillation and sinoatrial arrest wave of atrial flutter.
Detecting P wave is difficult because of its very low amplitude
[16]. In QRS complex, if the duration is more than normal, it Table 3. Normal ECG parameters
indicates hyperkalemia or bundle branch block. If the amplitude is Phase Duration (s) Amplitude (V)
increased more than normal, then it indicates cardiac hypertrophy. P wave 0.006–0.11 < 0.25
If the amplitude of Q wave is less than 1/3 of QRS or less than PR Interval 0.12–0.20 ~
1/4 of R wave, then it represents an abnormality in the presence PR Segment 0.08 ~
of infraction. The T wave in ECG is for the representation of the QRS Complex <0.12 0.8–1.2
repolarization of the ventricles. The normal range of all the waves ST Segment 0.12 ~
of the ECG signal is shown in Table 3 [2,17]. By using the values QT Interval 0.36–0.44 ~
from Table 3, all the waves are in their range or not are T Wave 0.16 <0.5

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 Real -Time ECG Signal Acquisition and Processing Using LabVIEW

determined, and this is shown in the front panel of the system by

using LED lights, as presented in Fig. 17.
Adopting the system shown in Fig. 17, which gives output with
LEDs, the patient can be aware of their heart condition, and in the
case of any problem, he/she would be aware of the affected part
of the heart, without the intervention of any doctor. The whole
front panel output is shown in Fig. 18.
Tables 4 and 5 show the results of all extracted ECG parameters
and statistics of 10 subjects. This system helps the patient to take
cognizance of his/her heart problems, even before consulting the
doctor, and this kind of system will help in many emergency cases
also since the health of the heart can be known in no time, thereby
Fig. 17. Front panel results of waves in range or not

Fig. 18. Result shown in Front Panel of LabVIEW Software

Table 4. Result of extracted ECG parameters of 10 subjects

Subject Age P onset P offset QRS onset QRS offset R T onset T offset Amplitude Iso Level ST level
1 20 55.716 55.784 55.992 56.04 56.016 56.42 56.588 2.64792 2.99707 -0.24727
2 24 59.46 59.568 59.64 59.712 59.676 60.012 60.124 2.70414 2.88302 4.00065
3 26 47.7 47.784 47.968 48.052 48.012 48.288 48.5 3.24288 2.71372 0.177822
4 26 59.628 59.752 59.784 59.86 59.824 60.204 60.26 4.02404 2.90869 0.1264
5 31 59.452 59.524 59.612 59.704 59.66 59.956 59.988 2.85068 2.59707 0.110479
6 33 55.808 55.9 55.972 56.08 56.028 56.272 56.436 4.41916 2.91616 0.639479
7 24 51.356 51.54 51.568 51.668 51.62 52.128 52.224 2.72883 2.86385 -0.05686
8 27 67.872 68.012 68.012 68.208 68.176 68.516 68.676 2.6541 2.74817 0.10593
9 27 59.448 59.536 59.712 59.836 59.766 60.172 60.312 3.54508 2.87002 0.247278
10 25 55.676 55.784 55.964 56.08 56.024 56.404 56.404 3.2926 2.92136 0.211535

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 Akshay Kumar Sharma and Kyung Ki Kim

Table 5. Statistical result of extracted ECG parameters of 10 subjects

ST Iso
HR Amp QRS PR QT ST Level Iso Level
Subject Age HR Std Amp Std QRS Std PR Std QT Std Level Level
Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Std Std
Mean Mean
1 20 68.89 2.86 2.68 0.04 0.08 0.02 0.24 0.03 0.60 0.02 -0.11 0.14 2.96 0.03
2 24 78.73 1.87 2.74 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.22 0.04 0.49 0.00 -0.01 0.09 2.86 0.06
3 26 75.40 1.66 3.22 0.04 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.55 0.02 0.02 0.15 2.87 0.10
4 26 91.38 1.68 4.06 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.17 0.02 0.47 0.01 0.16 0.06 2.86 0.03
5 31 107.49 1.32 2.81 0.08 0.11 0.02 0.15 0.02 0.39 0.01 0.10 0.13 2.75 0.09
6 33 95.81 1.57 4.41 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.16 0.05 0.47 0.01 0.46 0.09 2.98 0.05
7 24 67.99 3.20 2.76 0.14 0.08 0.02 0.26 0.03 0.61 0.03 -0.19 0.11 2.89 0.08
8 27 75.42 2.04 2.70 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.26 0.02 0.54 0.02 0.00 0.09 2.83 0.07
9 27 68.85 1.96 3.24 0.20 0.12 0.01 0.26 0.02 0.61 0.02 -0.08 0.32 3.02 0.11
10 25 68.37 3.00 3.27 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.25 0.03 0.58 0.01 0.13 0.08 2.95 0.03

Table 6. Comparison of the proposed and existing systems

Real-Time Heart rate Statistics Waves in
Reference No. ECG Features Extracted
Data Acquisition Calculated calculated Range or Not
[5]

[7]
[8]
Proposed System

representing a very convenient system for detecting ECG The objective of acquiring ECG in real time to detect various
parameters. The proposed method is compared with some other ECG parameters and some diseases is successfully implemented
previously developed methods, as shown in Table 6. by this paper, and this model was tested on 10 randomly selected
subjects. The results and the comparisons with previously built
methods are also shown in the Simulation Result section. The
5. CONCLUSION
proposed system is user friendly, and anyone can use it to learn
about their heart status, even before consulting a doctor. In the
In the entire medical world, heart-related diseases are future, we can include more diseases related to the wave structure
numerous, and the number of cardiac patients is also increasing on in the system. We can also use AI algorithms to make this system
a daily basis. ECG is the most prominent approach for detecting much better for further processing.
diseases related to the heart. After analyzing the importance of
ECG, the current scenario of the work herein is conducted.
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