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Test Nov 2023 Soln

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Test Nov 2023 Soln

Uploaded by

Meenakshi Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Mathematical Olympiads

November 2023
for Elementary & Middle Schools

SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS 1A


1A METHOD 1 Strategy: Group the numbers differently to find sums that are
multiples of 10.
Regroup as follows: (73 + 27) + (34 + 66) + (28 + 12) = 100 + 100 + 40 = 240 240
METHOD 2 Strategy: Use place value.
The sum in the tens column is: 10(7 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 6 + 1) = 10(21) = 210
The sum in the ones column is: 1(3 + 4 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 2) = 1(30) = 30 1B
The total is: 210 + 30 = 240

FOLLOW UP: Compute 75 – 32 + 25 – 18 + 53 – 38 – 12. [53]


14
1B METHOD 1 Strategy: Find the area of the square and subtract the area of the
four corner triangles.
The area of the square is 4 ´ 4 = 16. The area of each corner triangle is
(1 ´ 1)/2 = 1/2. The total area of the 4 corner triangles is 4 ´ 1/2 = 2. The area of 1C
the octagon is 16 – 2 = 14 square units.

METHOD 2 Strategy: Use visual recognition and count the squares.


There are 12 squares and 4 half squares. The area of each square is 1. Therefore,
7
the total area of the octagon is 12 ´ 1 + 2 ´ 1 = 14 square units.

FOLLOW UP: A square blanket is comprised of twenty-five 1 by 1


white squares. A square gray medallion is sewn on top of the 1D
blanket as shown. Each corner of the medallion is on top of one

60
corner of the white squares. What fraction of the blanket is covered
by the medallion? [1/5]

1C METHOD 1 Strategy: Consider numbers that are multiples of 35.


Factors of 35: 1, 5, 7, 35
Factors of 20: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20. 1E
Since any multiple of 35 will be divisible by 7, the multiplier must be even and
divisible by 4. Three-digit multiples of both 35 and 20 must be even, end in 0,
and be divisible by 4. There are 7 multiples of 35 divisible by 4 (4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
24, 28) that produce a 3-digit number. 31
METHOD 2 Strategy: Consider the factors of the numbers.
The prime factorization of 35 is 5 ´ 7. The prime factorization of 20 is 2 ´ 2 ´ 5.
A number is divisible by both 35 and 20 when it contains a 5, 7, and two 2s. Since 5 ´ 7 ´ 2 ´ 2 = 140,
and 999/140 = 7 plus a remainder, there are 7 such 3-digit numbers.

FOLLOW UP: How many 4-digit numbers are multiples of both 20 and 25? [90]

Copyright © 2023 by Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools, Inc. All rights reserved.
1D METHOD 1 Strategy: Apply guess and check with a table.
If Michael starts with $40 we can create the following chart.

Michael starts 40 45 50 55 60
Isabella starts 8 9 10 11 12
Michael – 36 4 9 14 19 24
Isabella + 36 44 45 46 47 48

Therefore, Michael started with $60 and ended with $24. Isabella ended with $48.

METHOD 2 Strategy: Use a tape diagram.


Isabella began with:
Michael began with 5 times more money than Isabella:
Together they had 6 units of money. Michael must give Isabella 3 units of money for her to have twice as
much money as Michael. Michael gave her $36 and 36/3 = 12, therefore, each box is worth $12. Michael
began with 5 ´ 12 = $60.

FOLLOW UP: Art and Caryl go to a Math Fair with equal amounts of money. After Caryl buys a puzzle for
$20 and Art buys a calculator for $60, Caryl has twice as much money as Art. How much money did each
start with? [$100]

1E METHOD 1 Strategy: Make a list omitting the use of 0 in sets containing more than 2 elements.
Sets of 2: {0,1}, {0,2}, {0,4}, {0,8}, {0,16} – 5 sets
{1,2}, {1,4}, {1,8}, {1,16} – 4 sets
{2,4}, {2,8}, {2,16} – 3 sets 15 sets of 2 elements each
{4,8}, {4,16} – 2 sets with a different sum.
{8,16} – 1 set
Sets of 3: {1,2,4}, {1,2,8}, {1,2,16}, {1,4,8}, {1,4,16}, {1,8,16}, {2,4,8}, {2,4,16}, {2,8,16}, {4,8,16} –
10 sets of 3 elements with different sums.
Sets of 4: {1,2,4,8}, {1,2,4,16}, {1,2,8,16}, {1,4,8,16}, {2,4,8,16} – 5 sets of 4 with different sums.
Sets of 5: {1,2,4,8,16} – 1 set of 5 elements.
Thus there are 15 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 31 different sums possible.

METHOD 2 Strategy: Use mathematical reasoning.


The least possible sum is 0 + 1 = 1, and the greatest possible sum is 0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31. Every
possible number between 1 and 31 is possible. Thus, there are 31 possible sums in all. To show that every
sum from 1 to 31 is possible, consider the following pattern: 1 = 0 + 1, 2 = 0 + 2, 3 = 1 + 2,
4 = 0 + 4, 5 = 1 + 4, 6 = 2 + 4, 7 = 1 + 2 + 4, 8 = 0 + 8, 9 = 1 + 8, 10 = 2 + 8, 11, = 1 + 2 + 8, 12 = 4 + 8,
13 = 1 + 4 + 8, 14 = 2 + 4 + 8, 15 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8, etc.

FOLLOW UP: (1) How many different counting numbers can be made by adding two or more different
numbers from the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}? [21] (2) Same as follow up (1) but use the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
[19]

NOTE: Other FOLLOW UP problems related to some of the above can be found in our four
contest problem books and in “Creative Problem Solving in School Mathematics.”
Visit www.moems.org for details and to order.

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