EGD Mechanical Notes
EGD Mechanical Notes
MECHANICAL
Mechanical is always drawn and shown in third angle orthographic
projection. You can refer to the SABS Code of practice 10111 for more
notes and explanations.
TYPES OF DRAWINGS:
1. ANALYTICAL
Questions on a mechanical drawing. Most of the answers are on the page,
or can be calculated (dimensions). There are names and uses of
components, features and types of hatching etc. that you can learn for this
section.
2. ASSEMBLY
A separate question and answer page. Components are all drawn
separately, you will draw these as if the assembly was put together. There
is normally a sectional view.
Knurling - used to grip Fillet Round
Straight Diamond Round
Fillet
Square
HOLES
1
SECTIONING
NON-SECTIONAL PARTS
There are certain components that are NOT SECTIONED when the
cutting plane passes through them longitudinally .
They are:
Ribs and webs C
Nuts, Bolts and Washes
Shafts, Rods, Spindles,
Keys and Pins
Rivets, Spokes and similar parts.
A
B
Example:
Look at the rib above. When sectioned length ways (Block A) it is NOT
hatched. But when cut crossways (Block B) it IS hatched.
Block C is not a rib/ web so is hatched completely. Can you see the
difference?
Also see the example below to show how items are sectioned with
longitudinal cutting plane B-B.
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B
2
TYPES OF SECTIONING
Why do we section an object?
We section objects and components to see the detail inside, which otherwise cannot be
seen. Although is could be drawn in hidden detail, sometimes this is confusing and so
sectioning an object is best.
A A
A
3
Removed - A removed section is also used to show
the true shape of a cross-section of a component.
The section may be placed near the view or
connected to the view by lines of symmetry through
the cutting plane.
A A
Offset/ Multiplane - When cutting through
irregular shaped objects it is often desirable to
show the cutting plane passing through several
features that do not lie in a straight line. This can
be achieved by off-setting the cutting plane. The
offsets in the cutting plane must be drawn at 90°
to each other and are thickened. They are not
shown in the sectional view.
SECTION A-A Z
X Y
X Y
4
KEYS
· Used to make the shaft and outer component
(eg. pulley) rotate simultaneously. Taper
· There is always a part section in the shaft to Woodruff
show key detail.
· Key sits in the keyway and keyseat.
· Woodruff key is normally used on a tapered Feather Rectangular
shaft.
Gib Square
EXTRA
See more parts below. Most parts we do not draw as seen in real life, but
draw what is know as the CONVENTIONS.
Bearing Bush Pin
5
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN HILLCREST HIGH SCHOOL
TECHNICAL TERMS
It is necessary to know and understand the technical terms describing
components and their features.
8 9 10
7 11
6 12
13
5
14
4 15
3 9
16
2
17
27 18
19
20
25 22
26
24 23 21
1. A flange is a projecting thin disc on a pipe or couplings joining two shaft ends together.
2. A keyway is a groove on a shaft to accommodate a corresponding key.
3. A key is a shaped piece of metal which is inserted in a shaft to prevent relative movement between the two parts.
4. A taper is a gradual change in diameter of a component along it's length.
5. A Shaft is a cylindrical rotating rod used for transmission of motion.
6. A shoulder is a sudden change in diameter.
7. A square on a shaft is a length of the shaft with a square cross-section.
8. A bush is a plain bearing supporting a rotating shaft and can easily be replaced when worn out.
9. A web/ rib - is a thin flat part used to support or strengthen heavier parts of a component.
10. A bore is a cylindrical hole along a tube or a boss.
11. A collar is a separate ring, an integral part of a shaft used for axial location.
12. Spokes are rods radiating from the hub to the rim of a wheel.
13. A rim is the outer part of a wheel.
14. A hub is the inner part of a wheel.
15. A pulley is a small wheel with a flat or grooved rim to carry a belt, rope, etc.
16. A fillet is an internal corner of a casting which is curved to make the corner stronger by reducing stress
concentrations.
17. A slot is an elongated hole or groove.
18. A spot-face is a flat circular surface concentric with a hole used for seating screw heads.
19. A counterbored hole is a hole part of which has a larger diameter and a flat bottomed to conceal screw heads.
20. A lug is a projection from a casting etc., used for fastening and adjusting purposes.
21. A countersunk hole is a hole part of which is concical to receive screw heads.
22. A dowel is a headless cylindrical pin used for precise location purposes.
23. A blind-drilled hole is a hole which does not pass completely through the component.
24. A recess is a shallow hole to suit the shape of a spigot or a similar matching part. Technically speaking the recess
on a shaft is referred to as a seating.
25. A tee groove/ tee slot is a long aperture used to accommodate fixing bolts, preventing them turning.
26. A chamfer is a surface produced by bevelling square edges.
27. A spigot is a projection which fits into a corresponding recess and is used for precise location purposes.
6
NUTS AND BOLTS
NUT HEIGHT
NUT = M X 0.8
BOLT
2 faces
1
M - thread
BOLT HEIGHT
= M X 0.7
1 2 3
60°
3 faces
M
NOTE: the
THREAD = M ÷ 10 hatching inside
the thread.
M or M
AF 10 ONLY when
45° 60° there is no bolt
AF: ACROSS FLATS or stud inside
AF = M X 1.5 M 30° the threaded
hole.
EXAMPLE: STEP 3:
DRAW A M20 NUT AND BOLT Draw the hexagon around the circle using
your 30° / 60° triangle. Make sure you STUD
STEP 1: STEP 2: draw the hexagon to the correct
Calculate the AF. Draw the circle with
orientation if you are drawing 2 or 3 faces.
AF = M X 1.5 diameter of the AF.
= 20 x 1.5
= 30
M
STEP 4:
Project the hexagon 60°
across or down to the
position of the nut/ bolt.
16
STEP 5: 45°
Calculate the Nut/ Bolt head height. STEP 6:
Nut height = M X 0.8 Measure the Nut / Bolt
16
STEP 7: STEP 8:
Draw 60° angles from the corners. Draw in the arc's.
STEP 9:
Darken the edges. Draw
30° chamfer's in the
corners (3 faces only)
8
Diamond knurling Hatching adjacent parts
A nut A bolt
A cutting plane
A full section
Third-angle
orthographic projection symbol A taper on a shaft
A shoulder on a shaft
A bush
A grub screw