SMART WHEEL CHAIR

Abstract
Smart Wheel Chair is mechanically controlled devices designed to have
selfmobility with the help of the user command. This reduces the user’s
human effort and force to drive the wheels for wheelchair .Furthermore it
also provides an opportunity for visually or physically impaired persons
to move from one place to another. The wheelchair is also provided with
obstacle detection system which reduces the chance of collision while
on the journey. Smart wheelchair has gained a lot of interests in the
recent times. These devices are useful especially in transportation from
one place to another. The machines can also be used in old age homes
where the old age persons have difficulty in their movements. The
devices serve as a boon for those who have lost their mobility. Different
types of smart wheelchair have been developed in the past but the new
generations of wheelchairs are being developed and used which
features the use of artificial intelligence and hence leaves a little to
tinker about to the user who uses the wheel chair. The project also aims
to build a similar wheel chair which would have a sort of intelligence and
hence helps the user on his/her movement.

Introduction
Present technology and IoT is making our daily life much easier than
before. Using this technology it is possible to create and develop new things
which will help people who need this most. This project focuses disable
people who depend on other people to move from one place to another
place. The presented project is an IoT based smart wheel chair which can
identify hand movement using gesture or 3D hand movement recognition
technology. Motion gesture technology is a very
popular sensor right now and it has a very large implementation on
different field of IoT. By integrating this gesture technology with general
wheel chair it is possible to help disable people in many ways to perform
their general daily basis works. This combined project will bring a
revolution in the medical sector due to its easy use and simple instructions.
Disable people are mostly neglected and everyone think them as burden to
society most of the time only because they cannot move their own. This can
be solved using this proposed motion gesture based wheel chair
technology. Regular wheel chair have many limitations and do not have
integration with technology.
On the not have fingers in his hand or there is no one else to assist them.
But after implementation of this technology people will be able to move
their wheelchair with simple sweep of their hand, so that they will be able
to move one place to another without any external help. They will not even
need physical strength to move the wheel chair. Not only this,
this project will also unlock some other features like, they will be able to
contact their family members, police station, hospital or any number that is
inserted into the system based on user requirement from any place in the
earth using the gesture sensor. The user can execute the
command without even touching the device. So in short, this project will
open new opportunities for the disable people and things will be much
easier for them.
To operate this wheel chair user will not need any technological knowledge
or education, because instructions are simple and easy. This project is to
demonstrate that gesture sensing can be used to effectively translate hand
gestures into computer interpreted signals. To complete this project
required components are - Raspberry Pi, Skywriter HAT, Battery, Motor,
general wheel chair,
Arduino Mega, GSM and some other regular hardware and tools.

Features of a Smart Wheelchair

Motorized Propulsion:
Electric motors power the wheelchair, allowing for easier and more efficient
movement.Some models may have different speed settings and the ability to
navigate various terrains.

Joystick or Alternative Controls:

Intuitive controls, such as a joystick, allow users to steer the wheelchair with
minimal physical effort.Alternative control methods may include sip-and-puff
systems, head arrays, or touch-sensitive interfaces to accommodate users with
different abilities.

Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance:

Sensors and cameras can be integrated to help the wheelchair detect obstacles
and navigate around them.Some advanced models may include autonomous
navigation capabilities.
Smart Connectivity:
Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity enables communication with smartphones,
tablets, or other smart devices.This connectivity may allow for remote control,
tracking, and monitoring of the wheelchair.

Customizable Seating and Positioning:

Adjustable seat height, tilt, and recline options provide comfort and support.
Customizable seating can accommodate various body shapes and sizes.

Battery Management:
Smart wheelchairs often come with advanced battery management systems to
optimize battery life.Some models may include features such as regenerative
braking to recharge the batteries while slowing down.

User Interface and Displays:

User-friendly interfaces with LCD displays or touchscreens for configuring
settings and monitoring the wheelchair's status.Voice command capabilities
may be integrated for hands-free operation.

Emergency Stop and Safety Features:

Emergency stop buttons and safety sensors to prevent collisions or accidents.
Stability control systems to prevent tipping.

Foldable or Modular Design:

Some smart wheelchairs have a foldable or modular design for easier
transportation and storage.

Remote Monitoring and Diagnostics:

Remote monitoring capabilities for healthcare providers or caregivers to check
the status of the wheelchair and receive diagnostic information.
Integration with Smart Home Devices:
Integration with smart home systems, allowing users to control lights, doors, or
other devices using the wheelchair.

Companion Apps:
Mobile applications that enable users to control and monitor the wheelchair
using a smartphone or tablet.

Smart Wheel Chair Sensor Types

Wheel Encoders:
Wheel encoders measure the rotation of the wheels, providing information
about the wheelchair's speed, distance traveled, and direction.They are
essential for motor control and navigation.

Infrared Sensors:
Infrared sensors can be used for proximity sensing, obstacle detection, and
even for communication between devices.They work by emitting infrared light
and measuring its reflection to determine the presence of obstacles.

CONCLUSION
So we can conclude that physically disabled and elderly people can move
without any difficulty when use our smart wheelchair. They no need to be
depend to other’s help anymore to move from one to another place. They also
no need to have any extra skills to operate this smart wheelchair because it can
be operated just by voice command. This wheelchair also reduce the energy
wasted by patient to operate the chair. Not only patient, This wheelchair also
make the work of the helper(the person who push the wheelchair ) much more
easier. They just can handle the wheelchair with patient with just the
smartphone in a particular distance. The patient also can change the
wheelchair as a deception chair or bed anytime they want. Cost of such type of
wheelchair will be affordable for all type of hospitals and it will be beneficial for
patient handling. It is expected that this Smart Wheelchair would enable
people’s better medical and with the future recommendations of this project it
would greatly reduce time and man-power to the old age home staff.

REFFERENCES
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20100199422A1/en?q=WHEELCHAIR+W
ITH+A+COMMODE+THAT+CONVERTS+TO+BED&oq=WHEELCHAIR+WITH+A+CO
MMODE+THAT+C ONVERTS+TO++BED
https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Mechanical/automatic-
wheelchair-cum-bed.php
http://mechanical.srpec.org.in/files/Project/2015/15.pdf
https://journalnx.com/papers/20150291-convertible-stretcher.PDF

Team members
A. Janani Sai Sravya (21EM1A6104)
B.Chandhrika(21EM1A6109)