Part-B Micro-Project Report

Title: Compare Power Consumption of (fluorescent lamp and

LED)
Lighting.

1) Rationale

In the above project 'compare power consumption compact fluorescent lamp.’

And LED comparison between the three lamp on digital multimeter then current
and voltage of Fluorescent lamp is more as compared to fluorescent lamp . So the current
required to the LED lamp is small level energy conservation and Fluorescent
lamp is more as compared the LED.

2) Aims/Benefits of the micro-project :

1. For getting knowledge about lamp

2. To determine the energy conservation lamp

3. To measure the current and voltage in lamp

3) Course outcomes Addressed :

a) .Interpret energy conservation policies in India.

b) .Implement energy conservation techniques in electrical machine.

c) Apply energy conservation techniques in electrical installations .

d) Use co-generation and relevant tariff for reducing losses in facilities

4)Literature review

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* FLUORESCENT LAMP

The fluorescent lamp is a low pressure mercury vapor lamp. Thus, due to low
pressure, the lamp is made in the form of a long tube whose inside walls are
coated with some phosphor. The tube is filled with a small amount of mercury
vapor and a small amount of argon gas.

This radiation includes different wavelengths. Some of these wavelengths

fall within the visible range, producing light, while others fall in the
infrared range, producing heat energy.

When the circuit is energized, nearly full supply voltage appears across the
starter terminals due to low resistance of the filaments and a negligible current
flows through the choke. The starter switch is filled with argon gas. This argon gas
ionized and a glow appears inside the starter switch, which heats up the bimetallic
strip carrying a moving contact. In a while, the bimetallic strip bends and short
circuits the starter terminals. This results in a high current to flow through the
filaments F1 and F2 and the choke circuit. The filaments are coated with oxides of
barium and strontium, resulting in thermionic emission which can ionize the argon
gas inside the tube.

*History of Fluorescent Lamp

It is normally considered that Thomas Edison was the inventor of the
incandescent lamp, but the actual history was not like that. There were
numbers of scientists who worked and designed prototype for the
incandescent lamp before Edison did. One of them was British physicist

Construction of LED Lamp

The Light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor light source. In 1962, Nick
Holonyak has come up with the idea of a light-emitting diode, and he was working
for the general electric company. The LED is a special type of diode and they have
similar electrical characteristics to a PN junction diode. Hence the LED allows the
flow of current in the forward direction and blocks the current in the reverse
direction. The LED occupies a small area which is less than

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 Specifications of LED

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 A typical Fluorescent consists of a gas filled tube with two electrodes
mounted in an end cap. The tube contains a mixture of argon gas,
mercury vapor and liquid mercury at low pressure. The tube is also coated
on the inside with three different phosphors.

When the electric supply is connected to the electrodes, an electric arc is

created between two electrodes. The electric arc produces the flow of
electrons. When the mercury atoms inside the tube are bombarded by
these electrons produce ultraviolet radiation. The phosphor coating inside
the tube give off light when exposed to the UV radiation.

The circuit of the Fluorescent contains a ballast which provides the high
initial voltage required to create the starting arc and then limit the current
to prevent the lamp from self-destruction. Ent lamp is defined as a low-
weight mercury vapor lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.
An electric current energizes the mercury vapor, creating ultraviolet
radiation, which then makes the phosphor coating on the lamp’s inner wall
emit visible light.

Construction electronic ballast

Electrons to establish an arc discharge. Many electrons collided elastically
with gas atoms, preventing the creation of useful spectral lines. Little
progress was made on fluorescent lamps during this period.
But in 1920s, a major breakthrough happened. The fact has been
discovered that the mixture of the mercury vapor and inert gas at low
pressure is 60% efficient to convert the electrical input power into a single
spectral line at 253.7 nm.
Ultra violate ray gets converted into the visible light rays by using
appropriate fluorescent material inside the lamp. From this time
fluorescent lamp got paved to be introduced in the people’s daily life.
Later, Dr. W. L. Enfield in 1934 had received a report from Dr. A. H.
Crompton about the use of fluorescent coated lamp. Immediately a
research team had been created by Enfield and started to create
commercial fluorescent Lamp. In 1935 their team had produced a
prototype green fluorescent lamp that had efficiency about 60%.

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 After two and half years later, fluorescent lamps have been introduced in
white and six other colors in the market. Various mixture of phosphor
powder is used to produce various colors from the fluorescent lamps. The first lamp
had been introduced with 15, 20 and 30 W in 18 inch, 25 inch and 36 inch lengths.
Sooner after 40 W T12, 4-ft lamp had been introduced and used widely in office, school,
industry lighting. The early lamps gave the light somewhat yellowish to a 3500K. Later on,
6500K daylight lamps are developed in such a way that it produces a light to simulate an
average north sky light on an overcast sky.
Generally the 4 ft lamps, with 1.5 inch in diameter, 40 W were available in the market in 1940.
But gradually design has been changed to its better utilization. In the arc, discharge portion of
the lamps has been changed. But argon is still used though the pressure that is somewhat less
than the previous pressure. The mercury vapor is maintained at that same pressure like
previous. This lamp requires 425 mA with 100 to 105 V voltage drop.

Fluorescent Circuit diagram

Digital multimeter

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 5) Actual methodology followed

First selection of the topic of micro Project with the help of subject teacher and Collection of information about
the Fluorescent L lamp and LED lamp its Specifications etc. with the help of various books and internet.
We have taken reference of book named as ‘APPLIED ENERGY CONSERVATION ‘and ‘HANDBOOK OF
RMAN KHARAT 'After that we have collect various material related to micro project like plywood,
Fluorescent lamp and LED lamp, connecting wires, holders, digital voltmeter and ammeter , female connectors
Etc. In our group all have performed their work .and after Discussion about out topic we will make the model of
compare energy conservation of LED and compact fluorescent lamp. From the model we compared two
lamps their wattage level etc .and finally we ha performed our micro project with guidance of Subject teacher.

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 Specifications of LED and Fluorescent

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 Micro -project output

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 7) Observation table :

Sr.no Voltage(V) Current(C) Wattage(W)

Conservati
on
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

8) skill developed/learning outcome of this micro project :

preparing micro project many skills are developed like

1. Acquiring practice knowledge

2. Making connections

3. Using soldering gum. 4. Using hammer , screw driver

5. Doing painting.

6. Time management.

9) Application of this micro project :

1) Using for practical

2) In Diploma Labs

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 3) In ITI laboratories

4) In Engineering laboratory.

9) Conclusion:

From above micro project we are conclude that the compact fluorescent lamp
is more efficient lamp as compared to LED

…..Thank You…!

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