Nirma University

Institute of Technology
Mathematics and Humanities Department

Course Policy
B. Tech. All Branches

Semester: I Academic Year: 2020-21 Term: ODD

Course Code & Name : 2MA101 Linear Algebra

Credit Details : L T P C
3 1 0 4
Course Co-ordinator : Dr. Amit Mishra

Contact No. & Email : 079-71652215, [email protected]

Office : PG109
Course Faculty : 1. Dr. Amit Mishra
Visiting Hours: (Monday –Friday) 1.30pm to2.00pm
Odd Saturdays: 11.00am to12.00am
3. Dr. Motilal Panigrahi 4. Dr. Sandeep Malhotra
2. Dr. Vijay Yadav
Email: Email:
Email:
[email protected] motilal.panigrahi@nirmau sandeep.malhotra@nirmaun
ni.ac.in i.ac.inContact No. 079-
Contact No. 079-71653142
Contact No 079-71653109 71653221
Office: A203
Office: A100 Office: B100
Visiting Hours:
(Monday –Friday) -1.30pm Visiting Hours: Visiting Hours:
(Monday –Friday) - (Monday –Friday) 1.30pm
to 2.00pm
Odd Saturdays: 11.00am 1.30pm to 2.00pm to2.00pm
Odd Saturdays: 11.00am Odd Saturdays: 11.00am
to12.00am
to12.00am to12.00am
5. Dr. Amisha Patel 6. Dr. Dhiren Pandit 7. Dr. Bijal Yeolekar
Email: Email: Email:
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
n c.in n
Contact No.079-71653142 Contact No. 079-71653142 Contact No. 079-71653142
Office: A203 Office: A203 Office: A203
Visiting Hours: Visiting Hours: Visiting Hours:
(Monday –Friday) 1.30pm (Monday –Friday) -1.30pm (Monday –Friday) -1.30pm
to2.00pm to 2.00pm to 2.00pm
Odd Saturdays: 11.00am Odd Saturdays: --11.00am Odd Saturdays: --11.00am
to12.00am to12.00am to12.00am
Queries by email are encouraged
Course Blog : https://ma202linearalgebra.wordpress.com/
1. Introduction to Course
1.1 Importance of the Course
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics which deals with linear equations, vector spaces or
linear spaces, linear transformations and their representation through matrices.

Though system of solving simple 2 x 2 linear equations dates back 4000 years ago to the
people of Babylon, the emergence of linear algebra came from determinants, values
related to a square matrix studied by Leibnitz in the 17th Century. Fifty years later Cramer
gave how to solve linear equations through determinants. However, it is Gauss in the 19th
Century gave actual procedure to solve system of linear equations. His method known as
Gaussian elimination is by far the most applied method till today.

In this course we will be learning about different types of matrices, vector space,
subspaces, linear combination, linearly dependent and linearly independent vectors,
basis of vector space, dimension, rank-nullity theorem.

Also linear transformation, types of linear transformations (Rotation, Reflection,

Expansion, Contraction, Projection), Matrix of Linear transformations, Change of basis
and similarity will be discussed.

Some of the application of linear algebra are (i) to find least-square best fit lines to predict
future outcomes, (ii) balancing a chemical equation in chemistry, (iii) Leontief closed
model in economics, (iv) Heat distribution, (v) traffic system etc.

One advantage linear algebra has over some other subjects for introducing abstract
thinking, is that much of the material has a geometric interpretation. In low dimensions,
one can "visualize" algebraic results, and happily, the converse is also true: linear algebra
helps develop your geometric instinct. The geometric intuition you already have will be
complemented by an "algebraic picture", one that will allow you, with practice, to "see"
in higher dimensions that are inaccessible to our normal senses.

1.2 Objective of the Course

Linear algebra aims at the study of -

• Rank of matrix, Inverse of matrix by Gauss-Jordan method, Solution of

system of algebraic simultaneous equations, linearly dependent and
linearly independent functions
• eigen values and eigen vectors of a square matrix and its applications
• advanced module of vectors spaces and related topics
• linear transformations and its applications

1.3 Pre-requisite
• Fundamental knowledge of sets, matrices

Students are expected to review these concepts before coming to class.

2. Course Outcomes (CO)
After successful completion of the course, a student will be able to-
1. acquire basic knowledge of matrix theory,
2. comprehend basic concept of vector space and linear transformation,
3. apply the knowledge of linear algebra in engineering problems.

3. Syllabus

Unit 1 Matrix Theory Teaching hours: 23

Review of algebra of matrices, Rank of matrix, Inverse of matrix by Gauss-Jordan method,
Solution of system of algebraic simultaneous equations, Linearly dependent and Linearly
independent functions, Caley-Hamilton Theorem (without proof), eigen values and eigen
vectors, Eigen values and eigen vectors of orthogonal, symmetric, skew-symmetric
matrices, Hermitian matrix, skew-Hermitian matrix, Unitary matrix, Normal matrix,
Algebraic and geometric multiplicity, Diagonalization, Spectral theorem for Real symmetric
matrices, Application of quadratic forms.

Unit 2 Vector Space and Linear Transformation Teaching hours: 22

Definition of vector space, subspaces, linear combination, Linearly dependent and linearly
independent vectors, Basis of vector space, Dimension, Rank-Nullity theorem (statement
and verification by examples), Definition of linear transformation, types of linear
transformations (Rotation, Reflection, Expansion, Contraction, Projection), Matrix of
Linear transformations, Change of basis and similarity.

3.1 Self-study

Basic principles and methodology will be explained in the class. It is expected that the
students put in at least two hours of self-study for every one hour of class room
teaching.

Further, around 10% of the questions will be asked from the following self-study topics-

• Inverse of Matrix by Gauss-Jordan method

• Hermitian, Skew Hermitian & Unitary Matrices

Students are expected to study above mentioned topics on their own. These topics will
not be taught in the classroom. Students should refer to books available in the library for
the same.

3.2 References
1. D C Lay, Linear Algebra and its Application; Pearson Publication
2. E Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics; John Wiley Publication
3. H Anton, Elementary linear algebra with applications; John Wiley Publication
4. K Hoffman and R Kunze, Linear Algebra; PHI Publication
5. S Kumaresan, Linear algebra - A Geometric approach; PHI Publication
6. J P Sharma and M Yeolekar, Engineering mathematics Vol-II; PHI Publication
4. Tutorial details
Students are advised to get their doubts cleared in tutorial sessions. Tutorial work will be
based on the syllabus with following 10 tutorials to be conducted.

Tutorial Schedule Topic Mapped

Nos. CO

Week 1 Review

1 Week 2 Rank of matrix, Echelon and row reduced 1

echelon form, Rank using echelon forms, Rank
using normal form
2 Week 3 Inverse by Gauss-Jordan method, Solution of 1
system of algebraic simultaneous equations by
Gauss-elimination Gauss-Jordan method, Non-
homogeneous equations
3 Week 4 Euclidean vector space, Vector space and its 2
examples, Subspace with examples
4 Week 5 Linear combination and span, Linearly 2
dependent and independent vectors, Basis of
vector space
5 Week 6 Extension and reduction of basis, Basis and 2
dimension for solution space of homogeneous
system, Row and column space, Null space

6 Week 9 Rank-Nullity theorem (statement and 2

verification only), Coordinate vector relative to
basis, Change of Basis

7 Week 10 Linear transformation and its properties, Types 2

of linear transformation: rotation, reflection,
expansion, contraction and projection

8 Week 11 Matrix of linear transformation, Inverse of 2

Linear Transformation, Change of basis and
similarity

9 Week 13 Eigen values and vectors, Caley-Hamilton 3

theorem, Algebraic and geometric multiplicity,
Diagonalization of a matrix

10 Week 14 Orthogonal matrix, Symmetric matrix, spectral 3

theorem for real symmetric matrix, Quadratic
form

* Actual schedule will be based on academic calendar.

5. Assessment Policy

5.1 Component wise Continuous Evaluation & Semester End

Examination weightage:

Assessment CE SEE
scheme
Component 0.6 0.4
weightage
Class Sessional Exam Assignment Evaluation (Maximum
Test/Quizzes 40% 30% 100 marks)
30% (Maximum 40 (Maximum 100 marks)
(Maximum marks)
30 marks)

5.2 Assessment Policy for Continuous Evaluation (CE)

Assessment of Continuous Evaluation comprises of three components.
1. Class Test will be conducted as per academic calendar. It will be conducted online/
offline for the duration of 1 hour or 20 minutes 4 quizzes.

2. Sessional Exam will be conducted as per academic calendar. It will be conducted

offline for the duration of 1 hour and 15 minutes or in the online mode it will be
conducted in the form of Comprehensive Assignment.

3. There will be 3 assignments each carrying weightage of 10 marks. At the end of the
course total marks obtained out of 30 will be calculated. Assessment of assignments
will be carried out based on parameters like timely submission, neat and clean
work, originality, involvement of the student, regularity, discipline etc.

5.3 Assessment Policy for Semester End Examination (SEE)

A written examination of 3 hour duration will be conducted for the course as per
academic calendar. It will carry 100 marks and marks obtained out of 100 will be
converted as per weightage assigned or in the online mode 1 hour 15 minutes exam can
be conducted which will carry 40 marks.

6. Lesson Plan
Lecture Topic Mapped
No. CO
1 Overview of the course, Discussion on Course Policy, Course
Blog, Importance of the course, Evaluation, Linkages of the
course with other course/’s and Professional relevance
 2 Introduction of Linear Algebra & Matrix Algebra, Rank of 1
matrix by definition
3 Elementary Row operation, Echelon and row reduced 1
echelon form
4 Rank using echelon forms 1
5 Rank using normal form 1
6 Inverse by Gauss-Jordan method 1
7&8 Consistency of System of Simultaneous Linear Equations 1
(Non-Homogeneous & Homogeneous)
9, 10 & 11 Solution of system of simultaneous linear equations (Non- 1,3
Homogeneous & Homogeneous) by Gauss-elimination,
Gauss-Jordan method
12 & 13 Vector space 2
14 Subspace 2
15 & 16 Linear combination and span 2

17 & 18 Linearly dependent and independent vectors 2

19 Basis of vector space 2
20 Extension and Reduction of basis 2
21 Basis and dimension for solution space of homogeneous 2
system
22 Row Space, Column space & Null space 2

23 Ran-Nullity theorem (statement and verification only) 2

24 & 25 Coordinate vector relative to basis and Change of Basis 2

26 Linear transformation and its properties 2

27 & 28 Types of linear transformation: rotation, reflection, 2,3

expansion, contraction and projection
29 Matrix of linear transformation 2

30 & 31 One-One, Onto & Inverse Linear Transformation 2

32 & 33 Change of basis and similarity 2
34 & 35 Eigen values and vectors 3
36 Caley-Hamilton theorem (without proof) 3
37 & 38 Algebraic and geometric multiplicity, Diagonalization of a 3
matrix
39 Orthogonal matrix, Symmetric matrix, Skew-symmetric 3
matrix
40 & 41 Spectral theorem for real and symmetric matrix 3
42 & 43 Use of Spectral theorem to Quadratic forms 3
44 Hermitian matrix, skew-Hermitian matrix and unitary matrix 3
45 Review of the course, Feedback related to the course, Linkages
with advanced course/s in succeeding years.
7. Mapping of Session Learning Outcomes (SLO) with Course Outcomes
(CO)

Session Session Learning Outcomes:

CO
No. After successful completion of the session, student will be able to
1 Understand importance, scope and policy of the course
2 Find rank of a matrix CO1
Discuss echelon and row-reduced echelon form CO1
3
Find rank of a matrix using echelon form and normal form CO1
4-5
Find inverse of a matrix by Gauss-Jordan form CO1
6
Apply Gauss-elimination Gauss-Jordan method to find solution of CO3
7-11
system of algebraic simultaneous equations
12-13 Define Euclidean vector space, vector space and its examples. CO2
Find subspaces of vector spaces CO2
14
15-16 Define linear combination and span of a set CO2

17-18 Find whether a set of vectors are linearly independent or not. CO2

19 Define basis of a vector space CO2

20 Discuss extension and reduction of basis CO2

21-22 Find basis and dimension for solution space of homogeneous system CO2

23-24 Find Row and column space, Null space of a matrix CO2

25 State Rank-Nullity theorem and verify for a given matrix CO2

26-27 Evaluate coordinates of a vector relative to a basis and change of basis CO2

28 Understand Linear transformation and its properties CO2

29-30 Find the matrices of linear transformations: rotation, reflection, CO3

expansion, contraction and projection

31 Discuss matrix of a linear transformation & Inverse Linear CO2

Transformation

32-33 Evaluate change of basis and similarity CO2

34-35 Find eigen values and vectors of a square matrix CO3

36 State Cayley-Hamilton theorem and apply it to find powers of CO3

matrices
 37-38 Algebraic and geometric multiplicity, Check whether a matrix is CO3
diagonalizable

39-41 Verify whether a matrix is Orthogonal matrix, Symmetric matrix, CO3

Skew-symmetric matrix, Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices

42-43 Apply spectral theorem for real symmetric matrix, Able to know CO3
Quadratic forms

44 Hermitian matrix, skew-Hermitian matrix and unitary matrix CO3

45 Summarize topics covered in the course and express the linkages with
other course/’s

8. Teaching-learning methodology:
1. Lectures: Primarily Chalk and Black board will be used to conduct the course.
However, where required, Power Point Presentations (PPTs), Video Lectures,
Simulations / Animations etc. will be used to enhance the teaching-learning
process.

2. Tutorial: Emphasis will be on one to one interaction with students for clearing
their doubts in problem solving, derivations, application of mathematical models
to real systems etc..

9. Active learning techniques

Active learning is a method of learning in which students are actively or experientially
involved in the learning process. Following active learning techniques will be adopted for
the course.

1. Flipped Class-room: This technique is adopted for topic mentioned in self-study.

Short video lectures/ Handouts are viewed by students at home before the class
session, while in-class time is devoted to group discussions.

2. Muddiest Point: This technique is aimed at finding out the least understood
point/topic in the session. This is then further explained to ensure that it is
understood well.

10. Course Material:

• Course Policy
• PPTs, Notes, Handouts
• Tutorials
• Question bank
• Useful links (Applications)
11. Course Outcome Attainment:

Following means will be used to assess attainment of course learning outcomes.

• Use of formal evaluation components of continuous evaluation, tutorials and
semester end examination
• Informal feedback during course conduction

12. Academic Integrity Statement

Students are expected to carry out assigned work under Continuous Evaluation (CE)
component independently. Copying in any form is not acceptable and will invite strict
disciplinary action. Evaluation of corresponding component will be affected
proportionately in such cases. Academic integrity is expected from students in all
components of course assessment.