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2 Problems Drying

Drying

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9 views

2 Problems Drying

Drying

Uploaded by

gab964410
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem 1 Drying

Illustration 4,4 Porous alumina spheres, 10 mm diameter, 25% voids, were thoroughly
impregnated with an aqueous potassium chloride, KCI, solution, concentration 0.25 g/cm'. When
immersed in pure running water, the spheres lost 90% of their salt content in 4.75 h. The
temperature was 25°C. At this temperature the average diffusivity of KCl in water over the
indicated concentration range is 1.84 × 10-' m₴/s. Estimate the time for removal of 90% of the
dissolved solute if the spheres had been impregnated with potassium chromate, K, CrO,, solution
at a concentration 0.28 g/ cm', when immersed in a running stream of water containing 0.02 g
K,CrO,/cm'. The average diffusivity of K, CrO, in water at 25°C is 1.14 × 10-' m/s. SOLUTION
For these spheres, a = 0.005 m, and for the KCI diffusion, 0 = 4.75(3600) = 17 000 s. When the
spheres are surrounded by pure water, the ultimate concentration in the spheres CA. 00 = 0. C. a
- CA. 00 = 0.1 for 90% removal of KCI САО - CA. 00 From Fig. 4.2, Dell 0/a? = 0.18, where
Del is the effective diffusivity. Dell = 9.18a? 0.18（0.005） - = 2.65 × 10-10 m₴/s 17 000 1.84
× 10-' DAs/Dell * 2.65 × 10-10 = 6.943 For the K, CrO, diffusion, CAo = 0.28, CA, co = 0.02,
and CA, & = 0.1(0.28) = 0.028 g/cm'. E - SA.O- CAo _ 0.028 - 0.02 CAO - C1,00 028-0.0Z -
0,0308-E， Fig. 4.2: Dela? = 0.30 1.14 × 10-9 Dar 6943 - 1145430 - 1.642 x 10-1903/5 0-
0.3002 -= - 0.30(0.005)' - Dell 1.642 × 10-10 = 45 700 s = 12.7 h Ans.

Problem 2 Drying

Illustration 12.4 An insoluble crystalline solid wet with water is placed in a rectangular pan 0.7
m (2.3 ft) by 0.7 m and 25 mm (1 in) deep, made of 0.8-mm-thick G-in) galvanized iron. The pan
is placed in an airstream at 65°C, humidity 0.01 kg water/kg dry air, flowing parallel to the upper
and lower surface at a velocity of 3 m/s (10 ft/s). The top surface of the solid is in direct sight of
steam-heated pipes whose surface temperature is 120°C (248°F), at a distance from the top
surface of 100 mm (4 in). (a) Estimate the rate of drying at constant rate. (b) Reestimate the rate
if the pan is thoroughly heat-insulated and there is no radiation from the steam pipes.
SOLUTION (a) Y = 0.01 kg water/kg dry air, 'c - 65°C. The humid volume of the air (Table 7.1)
is 10.00283 + 0.00456(0.01)] (65 + 273) - 0.972 m'/kg dry air. Po - density of gas - 0.972 - 1.04
kg/m' G = 3(1.04) - 3.12 kg/m?-s Estimated d, - 4(cross section for ow) - 4(0.7) (0.1) perimeter
（0.1+ 0.1）2-0.175m Eq. (12.20): 冬=580（3.12）231 （0.175）028~21.9 W/m2. K Take the
emissivity of the solid as e = 0.94. TR = 120 + 273 = 393 K. Tentatively estimate 4, as 38°C, T,
= 38 + 273 = 311 K. Eq. (12.14):| he 0.94（5.73 x 10-9（3931-311）-9.51 W/B3 K 393 - 311
Tat44-05 + 001 - 056n or bote and ade (it tried of talda er tate the sides is admittedly an
oversimplification but adequate for present purposes). Thermal conductivities are ky = 45 for the
metal of the pan and ks = 35 for the wet solid (46), both as W/m • K. The latter value must be
carefully chosen, and it may bear no simple relation to the conductivity of either the dry solid or
its moisture, 2g = 0.025 m, 3м = 0.0008 m. Ea-（12.10： Uk - 21.2 W/m?. K The humid heat of
the air (Table 7.1) is C, = 1005 + 1884(0.01) = 1023.8, and 1, at the estimated 38°C is 2411.4
kJ/kg. Eq. (12.18): (8-0010334*10)-(1+343)65-4)+213120-4) This reduces to Y, = 0.0864 -
10.194 X 10~%, which must be solved simultaneously with the saturated-humidity curve of the
psychrometric chart for air-water vapor. The line marked a on
Figure 12.12 Solution to Illustration 12.4. Fig. 12.12 is the above expression, which intersects the
saturated-humidity curve at Y, - 0.0460, 1, - 39°C, the surface temperature, which is sufficiently
close to the 38°C estimated previously to make iteration unnecessary. At 39°C, 1, = 2409.7
kJ/kg. Eq. (12.17): N. - (21.9 + 21.2)(65 - 39) + 9.51(120 - 39) - 7.85 × 10-1 kg water evapd/m?-
s 2409.7 x 10' and the evaporation rate is (7.85 × 10-*0.49) - 3.85 × 10-4 kg/s or 3.06 1b/h. (6)
When no radiation or conduction of heat through the solid occurs, the drying surface assumes the
wet-bulb temperature of the air. For the system air-water at this humidity, the adiabatic-
saturation lines of the psychrometric chart serve as wet-bulb lines, and on Fig. 12.12, line b is the
adiabatic-saturation line through the point representing the air (la = 65°C, Y = 0.01). The line
intersects the saturation-humidity curve at the wel-bulb condition, 1, - 28.5°C, Y, = 0.025. At
this temperature, 2, = 2435.0 kJ/kg. Eq. (12.17): w.-소-1m29(65-267m3.28x10~kg/m2.5 2435 ×
10 and the evaporation rate is (3.28 × 10-*0.49) = 1.609 × 10-* kg/s or 1.277 lb/h.

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