HERBERT CHITEPO LAW SCHOOL

BACHELOR OF LAWS HONOURS DEGREE

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
LLB215

COURSE OUTLINE AND READING LIST 2024

LECTURER: T. CHIKWATI
Contact details: Cell: +263 715107201
/
Email: [email protected]
Module Overview
The aim of this module is to introduce students to pre-trial, trial and post-trial
procedures in criminal trials. Students should get an appreciation of the
attendant constitutional implications thereof. It is also intended to foster a
human rights oriented approach towards due process in criminal procedure.
Module Aims:
At the end of the module students should be able to:
1. Describe the hierarchical structure of the courts and their respective
jurisdiction in criminal matters;
2. Identify the various stakeholders in the criminal justice delivery system.
And their respective role
3. Describe both public and private prosecutions and explain the
circumstances in which the latter may take place;
4. Explain the various ways of securing the attendance of an accused at
court;
5. Explain the salient procedural issues related to the application for and the
granting (or refusal of the granting) of bail;
6. Describe and explain in detail the main aspects of a criminal trial from
arraignment to the conclusion; and
7. Describe and explain in detail the most important post trial procedures
including but not limited to appeal, review, scrutiny and applications for
bail pending appeal.
METHODOLOGY (TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITIES)
1. Face to face Lectures
2. Online teaching on google class
3. Class presentations
4. Group work
5. Class moots and debates

ASSESSMENT:
COURSEWORK (30%): Two in-class tests will be administered on dates to
be advised.
EXAMINATION (70%): The examination will consist of a mixture of short
answer questions, essay type questions and problem type questions which will
all constitute 70% of the overall mark. (NB. Candidates will be required to
 answer all questions and No materials may be taken into the examination
room except the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act)

BASIC STATUTES AND TEXTS

1. The Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act [ Chapter9:07]
2. The Crimianal Law (Codification & Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23]
3. The Constitution of Zimbabwe
(All students must have updated copies of the above legislation)
ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED STATUTES AND TEXTS
The High Court Act [ Chapter 7:06]
The Magistrates Court Act [ Chapter 7;10]
Du Toit et al:Commentary on the Criminal and Procedure Act (Juta& Co 1996)
Geldenhuys&Joubert Criminal Procedure Handbook (2nded, Juta& Co 1996)
Hiemstra: Introduction to the law of Criminal Procedure (2nded, Butterwoods,
1985)
Lansdown & Campbell South African Criminal Law and Procedure Vol V
Reid Rowland: Criminal Procedure in Zimbabwe (LRF)
Reid Rowland: The Prosecutor’s Handbook (LRF 2016)
Feltoe G: Magistrates’ Handbook for Criminal Cases (2016)
Feltoe G: Criminal Defender’s Handbook (LRF 2016)
Swift’s Law of Criminal Procedure 2nd Edition

COURSE OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The concept of due process
1.2. Criminal Procedure and Human Rights:
• The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
• Geldenhuys&Joubert Chapter 1
• Hiemstra pp 1-2

1.3. Relevant Constitutional provisions

 1.3.1. Right to personal liberty (section 49)
1.3.2. Rights of arrested or detained persons (section 50)
1.3.3. Rights of persons accused of criminal offences (section 70)
1.3.4. Right to fair trial by independent and impartial court (section
69(1))
1.3.5. Right to equal protection of the law (section 56(1))
1.3.6. Trial within a reasonable time (section 69)
1.3.7. Stay of prosecution where person is tortured (section 53)
1.4. Securing the attendance of the accused
1.4.1. Arrest
1.4.2. The nature of an arrest.
Stambolie v Commissioner of the police 1989 (3) ZLR 287(S)
Mc Donald v Khumalo 1927 EDL 293
R v Maphosa 1968 (1) RLR 70 (G)
Duncan V Minister of Law and Order1984 (3) SA 460 (T)
S v Chipere 1992 (2) ZLR 276 (S)
S v Makwakwa (2) ZLR 298 (H)
3.2.1.2. Who Polices the Police?
Prinsloo& Anor v Newman 1975 (1) SA 481 (A)

3.2.1.3. Arrest without a warrant and requirements of reasonable

suspicion

CASES
Wiesner v Molomo 1983 (3) SA 151 (A)
Chikoore v Nyamusara S.7.91
Girach v A-G &Ors HH-356-86
S v Ganyu 1977 (2) RLR 97 (A)
R v Nkala& Anor 1962 (1) SA 248 (SR)
Minister of Home Affairs v Allan 1968 (1) ZLR 263 (S)
S v Purcell-Gilpin 1971 (1) RLR 241 (A)
Moll v Commissioner of Police &Ors 1983 (1) ZLR 283 (H)
Fieldman v Minister of Home Affairs 1992 (2) ZLR 304 (S)
 Associated Provincial Picture House Ltd v Wednesbury Corp [1977] 2
ALL ER 680 (CA)
Botha v Zvada& Anor 1997 (1) ZLR 415 (S)
Muzondo v Minister of Home Affairs & Anor S.C 17/83
R v Sambo 1968 RLR 565 (A)
AG v Blumears& Anor 1991(1) ZLR 118 (S)
Tsose v Minister of Justice & Others1951 (3) SA 10 (A) at 17
Prinsloo& Anor v Newman 1975 (1) SA 481 (A)
May v Union Government 1954 (3) SA 120 (N)
Paradza v Minister of Justice Legal & Parliamentary Affairs &Ors
SC 46/03
Dube J v Officer Commanding ZRP Nkayi District &Ors 2010 (2)
ZLR 462
ARTICLES
When can the Police arrest someone? Legal Forum Vol. 5 No.3, G
Feltoe (March 1993).
Can the Millitary Arrest and detain Civilians in Zimbabwe? Legal
Forum Vol 11 No. 3
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR OFFENCES IN THE THIRD AND NINTH
SCHEDULES CPEA
• S 32 (3a)
• Certificate for further detention by PG: S 32 (3b) CPEA
S V PRISCA MUPFUMIRA (NOT YET REPORTED)
3.2.1.4. Arrest with a warrant
3.2.1.5. The use of force in effecting an arrest
Section 42 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

CASES
Nisomi v Minister of Law and Order 1990 (1) SA 512
S v Karombe& Anor1958 R&N 469
Mazeka v Minister of Justice1956 (1) SA 312 (A)
R v Labuschagne 1960 (1) SA 632 (A)
R v Britz 1949 (3) SA 293
 S v Pursell- Gilpin 1971 (1) RLR 241 (A)
Kware v The State S.C. 85/93
S v Kearns 1992 (2) ZLR 116 (S)

ARTICLES
The use of force – Legal Forum Vol. 5 No. 4 John Reid Rowland,
December 1993
Basic Principles of the Use of Force- Legal Forum 1995 Vol. 7 No.1
3.2.1.6 Power of civilians to effect arrests

Sections 27,28,29,30 of the criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

3.2.1.7 Illegal detention
• S50(7) of Constitution
• Habeas Corpus applications
• Remedies for unlawful detention S50(9) of Constitution
3.2.2 Remands
3.2.2.1 Generally
AG v Blumears& Anor 1991 (1) ZLR 118 (S)
Martin v AG & Anor 1993 (1) ZLR 153 (S)
Muchero& Anor v AG 2000 (2) ZLR (S)
Fikilini v AG 1990 (1) ZLR 105 (S)
Bill v Minister of Home Affairs 1986 (1) ZLR 202 (S)
3.2.3 Written notice to appear
Section 141 and 356 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
S v Gore 1999 (1) ZLR 177 (H)
3.2.4 Summonses
Section 140 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
Minister van Polisie v Goldshagg 1981 (1) SA 37 (A) 1981 SALJ 172
Traffic offenders trail in absentia under new ruling- C Masango, Legal
Forum, Vol. 4 No .3.
3.2.5 Verbal Warnings to appear
Section 142 (1) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

3.3. Right to a Trial within a reasonable period

S v Tau 1997 (1) ZLR 93 (H)
S v Musvitisi& Anor S-229-93
Fikilini v AG 1990 (1) ZLR 105 (S)
The role of the Courts in safeguarding the Right of the Undefended
Accused to a trial Within a Reasonable Time Legal Forum Vol 10 No1
3.4. Right to adequate time to prepare defence
Wheeler & 0rs v AG 1998 (2) ZLR 305(S)

3.5. Search and Seizure

• Part VI of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

• Section 17 & 16(7) k of the constitution
• Article 17(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
S v Pogrund 1974 () SA 244 (T)

3.5.1 The use of force in search and seizure

• Section 54 & 55 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
• Minister van Polisieen ‘n ander v Gamble en ‘n ander 1979 (4) SA 759 (A)

3.5.2 Search with warrant (Part VI: ss47-50 CPEA)

• Procedure of applying for a search warrant
• Requirements for a valid search warrant
Elliott v Commissioner of Police 9886 (1) ZLR 288 (H)
Chizano v Commissioner of Police HH-392-88

Biti v Commissioner-General Chihuri&Ors HH-156-11

Minister of justice v Desai N.O 19488 (3) SA (A)
Divisional Commissioner of SA Police, Witwatersrand Area & others v SA. Assossiated
Newspapers LTD & Anor 1966 (2) SA 503 (A)
Pullen N.O v Waja 19229 TPD 838
Cine Films (Pty) Ltd &Ors v Commissioner of Police & Others 1972 (2) SA 7554 (A)

3.5.3 Search without a warrant

• Section 51 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
• Requirements for a valid search without a warrant
Chinjayani v Minister of Home Affairs &Ors 2010 (1) ZLR 280 (H)
Chigwada v Commissioner- General ZRP &Ors HH-69-11
4. REMANDS
4.1 REMANDS GENERALLY
• Initial Remand: Reasonable suspicion
• Subsequent remands s165 CPEA
• Where accused is indicted for trial in the High Court
• Court may refuse application for further remand
5. BAIL
5.1 What is bail?
General Constitutional provision
• s50(1)(d) of the Constitution
5.2 Entitlement to bail (s117 CPEA)
5.3 Application for bail (s117ACPEA)
5.4 The principles governing the admission to bail
A-G V Mpanga-Nhachi2009 (2) ZLR 150 (S)
Stack v Boyle 342 US 1 [1951]
Bail Van der Berg, Chapter 6
S v Visser 1975 (2) SA 342 ©
S v Patel &Ors HH 153/91
S v Demba HH 133/98
S v Hudson 11980 () SA 145 (D)
AG v Kanoda&Ors HH 200/90
S v Mambo 1992 (1) ZLR 245 (H)
S v Nichas 1977 (1) SA 257 ©
S v Chiadzwa 1988 (2) ZLR 19 (s)
R v Phasoane 1933 T.P.D
ExparteNkete 111937 EDL 231
S v Maharaj& Anor 1976 (3) SA 205 (D)
Sahumani v S.B.H 9/84
S v Patel 1970 (3) SA 565 (W)
AG v Phiri 1987 (2) ZLH 33 (H); 1988 (2) 696 SA(ZH)
S v Fourie 1973 (1) SA 100 (D)
5.5 Bail Procedure and the question of onus.
Reforming our law on pre-trail release, G Feltoe Legal Forum Vol 1 No 6, Vol 2 No 1
New restrictions on the granting of bail, G Feltoe Legal Forum Vol 4 No 2
Abuse of the Legislative Function: The Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act 1 of 992, D.S
Kaseke.
A-G’s Circular Minute Number 22 of 1992
High Court of Zimbabwe (Bail) Rules, 1991 (SI 09 OF 1991)
Supreme Court of Zimbabwe (Bail) Rules 1991, (SI 290 of 1991)
A question of onus in bail applications Legal Forum 1994 Vol. 6.No. 4 Peter Propotkin.
S v Hussey 1991 (2) ZLR 187 (S)
S v Aitken (2) 1992 (2) ZLR 463 (S)
S v Ramgobin&Ors 1985 (3) SA 587 (N)
S v Murambiwa S.C 622/92
S v Bhebhe HB-2-89
AG v Phiri 1987 (2) ZLR 33 (H); 1988 (2) 696 SA (ZH)
5.6. Restrictions on Granting Bail by Magistrates
• s116 (b) CPEA
5.7. Bail Conditions
Section 118 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
S v Bennett 1976 (3) SA 653
S v Budlender 973 (1) SA 26
Ex parte Huysamen (1902) 19 SC 393
De Jager v AG, Natal 967 (4) SA 143 (D)
5.8 Appeals against bail decision
S v Dzawo 1998 (1) ZLR 536 (S)
5.9 Police Bail
Section 32 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
Unlocking Police Bail Legal Forum 1991 Vol 3 No3 D.A.M Proudhon
6. WARNED AND CAUTIONED STATEMENTS
6.1 What are they?
Extra crucial statements, by N.J Mc Nally Legal Forum Vol.4 No.4 (Dec. 1992)
Whether adverse inferences should be drawn from the exercise by an accused of his right to
remain silent N.Dias Legal Forum Vol. 4 No 2 Miranda v Arizona 384 US 436 (1965)
Poli v Minister of Finance and Economic Development & Anor 1987 (2) ZLR 302 (S)
S v Barlin 1196 AD 4459
S v Schaube- Kuffler 1960 (1) RLR 78(A)
S v W 1963 (3) SA 516 (A)
R v Wilson [1976] 22 QB 406 (CA); [1976] 1 AII ER 197 (CA)
R v Michael 1962 (3) SA 355 (SR)
Jacobs v Henning 1927 TPD 325
R v Sambo 1964 RLR 565 (A); 1956 (1) SA 640 (RAD)
S v Nkomo 11989 (3) ZLR 117 (S)
S v Masera&Ors 1984 HB-50-04
S v Ndlovu 1981 ZLR 618 (S)
A-G v Slatter&Ors 19844 (1) ZLR 306 (S)
S v Slatter&Ors 1983 (2) ZLR 144 (H)
S v MaruzivaS-51-884
SvNhari&OrsS-9-87
S v Munukwa&Ors 1982 (1) ZLR 30 (S)
R v Bene 1961 R & N 521 (SR)
S v Gwaze AD 8/76
R v Ananias 1963 R & N 983 (SR)
R v Tapeson 1965 RLR 146 (A); 1956 (2) SA 761 (RA)
R v Hackwell&Ors 19655 RLR 1 (A)
R v Kasikosa 1971 (2) RLR 13 (A)
Illegaly Obtained Evidence: A Reappraisal. (1968) 85 SAJI 2446 Jean Campbell.
6.2 Production of Warned and Cautioned Statements
R v Manjonjo 1963 (4) SA 708 (FSC)
6.2.1 The Confirmation of Statements
S v Woods &Ors 1993 (2) ZLR 22558 (S) at 267-270
S v Ndlovu SC 18/83
6.3 Deletion of matters from warned and cautioned statements
Prosecutor’s Handbook p 87
7. JURISDICTION
7.1 Territorial Jurisdiction
R v Van Rensburg 1921 SR 1
S v A 1979 RLR 69 (G)
S v Mharapara 1985 (2) ZLR 211 (S)
S v Beaham 1991 (2) ZLR 98 (S)
7.2 Criminal jurisdiction
Section 49 of the Magistrate Court Act [Chapter 7:10]
7.3 Punitive jurisdiction
A guide to jurisdiction, Appeal and Reviews in Civil and Criminal Cases in Zimbabwe, G
Feltoe, Legal Forum 1994 Vol.6 No 2
8.THE PROCESUTION OF THE CASE
8.1 Public Prosecutions
Part II of the Criminal Procedures and Evidence Act
S v Ndlovu S-195-90
Smythe v Ushewokunze& Anor1997 (2) ZLR 544 (S)
8.2 Private Prosecutions
Levy v Benatar 1987 (1) ZLR 120 (S)
Ellis v Visser 1954 (2) SA 431 (T)
Makhanya v Bailey No 1980 (4) SA 714 (T)
9. ACCUSATORY AS OPPOSED TO INQUISITORAL TRIALS
Interim report on the accused’s right to remain silent at trial. Law Development Commission
of Zimbabwe Report No. 17 pp2 to 12.
9.1 The right to remain silent
Sections 70 (1) (i) of the constitution
Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Poli v Minister of Finance & Anor 11987 (2) ZLR 302 (S)
Munyuki v City of Gweru 1998 (1) ZLR 182 (S)
S v Makhado 1999 (1) ZLR 467 (H)
10. INDICTMENTS AND CHARGES
10.1. Essential facts to be averred.
Sections 139 and 146(1) of theCriminal Procedure and Evidence Act
R v van Biljon1949 (3) SA 1212(T)
Wantenaarv R 1940 SR 174
R v Hakane1958 (2) SA 333 (O)
R v Mangure 1962 (1) SA 868 (SR)
R v Ah Foo & Anor 1962 CPD 167
R v Feitig 1953 (2) SA 178
R v Omarjee 1955 (2) SA 546 (A)
Ex parte Minister of justice. In re: Rex v Masow& Anor 1940 AD 75
R v Rabie 1947 (2) SA 1198 (C)
R v Ismail & Anor 1958 (1) SA 206 (A)
Specimen Indictment Book – LRF
Prosecutors Handbook, Chapter 4
10.2Exceptions, exemptions and provisos
Section 146(2) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
R v Beebe 1944 A.D .333
R v Kula &Ors 1954 (1) SA 157 (A)
R v Zondagh 1913 AD 8
R v Joseph1912 TPD 729
R v Mohanie 1932 OPD 63
10.3. Further particulars
Section 177bof the criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
R v Verity-Arm1934 TPD 416
 10.4. The ‘Splitting of charges’
S v Grobler 1996 (1) SA 507 (A)
R v Peter 1965 RLR 155 (G); 1965 (3) SA 19 (SR)
S v Peterson &Ors 1970 (1) RLR 49 (G); 1971 (2) SA 130 (SR)
S v Mutawarira; S v Mhandu 1973 (1) RLR 292 (A)
S v Mhlongwa HH-10-93
S v Mampa 1985 (4) SA 633 (C)
R v Chamboko 1963 R & N 843 (SR); 1964 (1) PH H 69 (SR)
S v Jambani 1982 (2) ZLR 213 (H)
S v Kuzwayo 1960 (1) SA 103 (N)
R v Gordon 1909 EDC 254
S v Collin HH- 88-86
10.5. Amendment and substitution of charges.
S v A.R. Wholesalers (Pty) Ltd & Anor 1975 (1) SA 551 (NC)
Sections 202 and 203 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
S v Moyo 1981 ZLR 98 (G)
S v Ndhlovu 1984 (1) ZLR 175 (S)
S v Smith 1975 (2) RLR 77 (A)
S v Collet (2) 1978 RLR 288 (G)
S v Moyo (2) 1978 RLR 469 (G)
S v Ndhlovu&Ors 1978 RLR 236 (G)
S v Sithole 1997 (1) ZRL 283 (3)
11. ARRAIGNMENT
11.1. Joinder of accused persons
Sections 158 and 159 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
S v Kondoni 1982 (1) ZLR 76 (S)
Xolo&Ors v A-G of the transvaal 1952 (3) SA 764 (W)
S v Marimo&Ors; S v Ndhlovu&Ors 1973 (1) RLR 70 (G)
S v Meyer 1948 (3) SA 144 (T
10.2. Separation of trials
S v Ndwandwe1970 (4) SA 502 (N)
S v Ismail 1994 (1) ZLR 377 (S)
R v Zondele 1959 (3) SA 325 (A)
S v Liscoxo 1974 (2) SA 356 (O)
S v Groesbeeken n Ander (1) 1969 (1) SA 383 (O)
S v Nzuza& Anor 1952 SA 376 (A)
R v Bagas 1952 (1) SA 437 (A)
R v Kritzinger& Anor 1952 (4) SA 651 (W)
R v Dladla and Ors 1960 (4) SA 542 (D)
R v Gabiele&Ors 1935 TPD 45
R v Shoniwa 1955 (2) SA 100 (O)
R v Radameyer 1959 (2) R & N 100
S v Kachipare 1998 (2) ZRL 271 (S)
12. PRELIMINARIES TO THE TRAIL
11.1. Set-down and postponement
11.2. Representation of accused
11.2.1 Representation by legal practitioner
Section 18(3)(d) of the Constitution
Wheeler and Ors v Attorney-General 1998 (2) ZLR 305 (S)
S v Nyathi HB-90-2003
11.2.2 Representation of juvenile by guardian

12.1.Representation of other persons

Section 191 of Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

13.Guity Plea
SvNangani 1982 (1) ZLR 150
Section 271 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
SvChidawu 1998 (2)ZLR 76 (H)
SvChirisa GS 116/81
Sv Wall 1981 ZLR 261(G)
SvDesmatter 1971 (1) RLR 77 (G),1972 (1) SA 444 (R)
S v Mienie; S v van Zyl 1972 92) RLR 250 (G) ;1973 (1) SA 222 ®
S v Mudongo 1975 (2) RLR 263 (G)
S v Chanetsa AD 24/81
S V Kefasi&Ors 1975 (1) RLR 357 (G)
SvMandasi G-S-99-80
S V Nyathi H.B 40/82
Mupari v S AD 125 /79
Sv Bezvero& Anor 1976 (2) RLR 43 (A)
S v Chironga GS 161 /80
S v Fusirayi 1981 ZLR 569(A)
S v James Gora G-S 277 /81
S v Simbi 1975 (2) RLR 50 (A)
R v Mhosva 1980 ZLR 74 (G)
S v Mandasi GS 99/80
S v Manhekwe&Ors AD 26/86
S v Gore 1999 (1) ZLR 177 (H)
S V Chiwondo 1999 (1) ZLR 407 (H)
S v Mutero&Ors 1999 (2) ZLR 73 (H)

13.1.1.Withdrawal of guilty plea

Section 272 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
R v Britz 1963 (1) SA 394(T)
S V Chiripanyanga HC –H -243 -84.
S v Mudimu 1971 (4) SA 283 ®
Patrick v R 1963 R & N 893
S v Kingston 1975 (2) R LR 1 (A)
13.1.2 Statement of agreed facts
S v Malume 1998 (2) ZLR 508 (H)
S vMuzivirwa&Ors 1998(2) ZLR 483 (H)

14 Not guilty pleas.

14.1.Autrefois Acquit & Autrefois Convict (double jeopardy)
Green v United States 355 U.S 184 (1957)
Ex parte Minister of Justice:in re R v Moseme 1936 AD 52
R v Long 1958 (1) SA 155 (A)
S v Davidson 1964 (1) SA 192 (T)
Rv Wilson 1969 (2) RLR 512(A)
S v Bizi 1970 (2) RLR 512 (A)
R V Matengeni 1969 (2) RLR 348 (G)
SvGabriel 1970 (2) RLR 251 (A)
S v Ndou&Ors 1971 (1) SA 668 (A)
S v Mthetwa 1970(2) SA 310 (N)
S v Naidoo 1962 (2) SA 625 (A)
S v Moodie 1961 (4) SA 752 (A)
S vNyamayevu 1978 RLR 140 (G)
S vMakhutla 1969 (2) SA 490 (O)
S vPokela 1968 94) SA 702 €
Health v Alabama 474 US 82 (881 ed 387)
R v Matengeni 1969 (2) RLR 348 (G)
14.4 Other pleas
15.THE CONTESTED TRIAL; AND THE PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE
15.1 Outline of State and defence cases
Sections 188 and 189 of Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act
S v Seda 1980 ZLR 109
In re Chinamasa 1999 (2) ZLR 291 (H) at 298 E-G.
S v Makhado 1999 (1) ZLR 467 (H)
15.2 Examination in Chief.
15.3 Cross –examination
15.4Re-examination
15.5Questions by the court.
15.6Prior inconsistent statements
R v Steyn 1953 SR 76
R vPaweni& Anor 1985 (2) ZLR 133 (S)
R v George 1945 (2) PH H 254
R v Shoniwa 1975 (2) RLR 115 (A)
R v White 1962 (4) SA 152 (FSC)
R v Tapera 1964 RLR 197(A); 1964 (3) SA 771 (RAD)

15.7 Hostile Witnesses

S v Millar 1971 (1) RLR 159 (A)
S v Mahlaba&Ors 1973 (1) RLR 178 (G)
S vMuuters& Anor S-66-89
S v Mazhambe&Ors 1997 (2) ZLR 587 (H)

15.8 Inspection in loco

S v Solani&Andere 1987 (4) SA 203 (NC)
Kruger v ludick 1947(3) SA 23 (A)
16.STOPPING OF TRIALS
R V Bede 1945 SR 43
R v Bhana 1968 (4) SA 746 (T)
R vMagura 1966 RLR 745 (G) ;1967(1) SA 578 (R)
R v Killian James G-S 33/80
17.APPLICATION FOR DISCHARGE
S v Hartlebury& Anor 1985 (1) ZLR 1 (H)
AG v Bvuma& Anor 1987 (2) ZLR 96 (S)

R vKritzinger&Ors 1952 (2) SA 401 (W)

S v Mpofu S -192 -87
AG vTarwirei 1997 (1) ZLR 575 (S)
S v Kachipare 1998 (2) ZLR 271 (S)
S v Hunzvi 2000 (1) ZLR 540 (S)

18.VERDICTS
18.1 Competent verdicts
Section 207 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Chapter XV of the Criminal law (Codification and Reform) Chapter 9:23)
Sv Mutero&Ors 1999(2) ZLR 73 (H)
S v Dzawo 1999 (2) ZLR 303 (H)

19.SENTENCING
19.1Generally
A Guide to Sentencing Feltoe
Factors to be considered before sentence is Imposed –legal Forum Vol No.3
Sentencing of crimes against Women and Children,legal Forum Vol 11 No 3
S v du Chattlier 1973 (2) RLR 339 (G)
19.2Previous convictions
19.3Other factors relevant to sentence.
19.4 Extenuating circumstances
19.5Community service.
Sv Chinzenze&Ors 1998 (1) ZLR 470 (H)
Community Service Orders :The Kadoma Experience Legal Forum Vol 5 No1
19.6 Corporal Punishment
Sv Faku& Anor 1997 (1) ZLR 389 (S)
19.7 Compensation and restitution

20.SCRUTINY AND REVIEWS

Sv Sabawu& Anor 1999 (2) ZLR 314(H)
21.APPEALS
19. 1.Appeals by accused.
19.2 Appeals by Attorney -General

22.BAIL PENDING APPEAL

Sv Williams 1980 ZLR 466(A),1981(1) SA 1170 (RAD).
SvKilpin 1978 RLR 282 (A)
SvTengende&Ors 1981 ZLR 445 (A)

THE END