IWD (4340704)

Unit - 5 Working With Database in PHP

Introduction to MySQL Database with PHP

Overview of the database

⚫ Database: A database is simply an organized collection of related data, typically stored on disk,
and accessible by possibly many concurrent users.
Databases are generally separated into application areas.
For example, one database may contain Human Resource (employee and payroll) data; another may contain
sales data; another may contain accounting data; and so on.
Databases are managed by a DBMS.
DBMS: Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of programs that manages any number of databases.

Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is a database system used on the web
MySQL is a database system that runs on a server
MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use.
MySQL uses standardSQL.
MySQL compiles on a number of platforms.
MySQL is free to download and use.
MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation

Data type of MySQL

• MySQL Data Types are divided into three main categories as given below:

(1) Numeric DataType

(2) String or Text DataType
(3) Date Time Data Type

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Numeric Datatype

String Datatype

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Date and Time Datatype

Field Modifiers in PHP

• NULL or NOT NULL

It allows you to specify weather the field can accept null value or you must have to enter
value for that field.
You can specify this modifier at the end fielddefinition.
○ By default all the filed of the table having this modifier set to NULL.
○ Example
create table Subject (SubjectCode varchar (5) NOT NULL, SubjectName varchar (10)
NOT NULL, SubDesc varchar (20) NULL)

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DEFAULT

Default modifier allows you to specify default value for the field so if you don't enter
any value for that field then default value is used.
○ Example :
create table Subject (SubjectCode varchar (5) NOT NULL, SubjectName varchar (10) NOT NULL,
SubDesc varchar (20) DEFAULT 'Computer')

AUTO_INCREMENT
This modifier automatically increments the value of field by one.
There is no need to insert explicit value for this field.
It is widely used in primary key field where unique id is generated automatically by MySQL each
time by incrementing previous by 1.
However you can specify AUTO_INCREMENT modifier for only INT data type.
。 Example :
create table Subject (SubjectCode INT(5) AUTO_INCREMENT, SubjectName varchar (10) NOT
NULL, SubDesc varchar (20) NULL,)

Types of MySQL tables & storage engines

When we create table using Create Table statement it is also possible to specify type of the table
using TYPE attribute as shown below:
Create table TableName (ColumnNameDataType, ColumnNameDataType) TYPE =
TableType
Following are the various Types of MySQL tables that you can specify at the time of creating new
Database Table.

1. MyISAM
2. ISAM
3. HEAP
4. InnoDB

5. BDB
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MyISAM
While creating Table if you don't specify the type of the Database Table then by default its type is set
to MYISAM.
This table is portable. Portable means the table created using this type in one OS can also be used
in other OS.
It supports large table file more than 4GB.
o It is well suited for faster access then speed.
o It allows you to reduce the space using compression.
o It allows you to specify index on BLOB as well as TEXT type.

ISAM
This Table Type is similar to the MyISAM table type in the way it also supports fixed size as well as
dynamic size table.
But it is different from MYISAM table type in following way:
It can support table files up to 4GB but not grater then 4GB.
It is not portable. Means table created using this type in one OS cannot use in other OS.
It does not allow faster accessing and compression.
Since maximum key length in this table type is 256 it does not allows you to specify index
on BLOB and TEXT type.

HEAP
This table type is widely used for temporary tables because it supports incredible speed.
It is in-memory table which uses hashed indices.
It does not allow BLOB and TEXT type as MYISAM and ISAM type.

BDB
● BDB is also known as Berkeley DB.
○ It supports very large applications with more than one users trying to insert and
update the same data at the same time.
○ It allows you the facility of transaction using commit and rollback
statement.
○ One important facility provided by this table type is that allows you the facility of
recover data from crashes.
○ It is not portable because the path of the table is hardwired into the table file while
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creating the table.

InnoDB
This table type is also transaction safe.

It supports very large applications with more then one users trying to insert and update the same data
at the same with locking mechanism.
Locking mechanism prevents users from modifying records while another user is modifying the same record
at the same time.
This table type is portable.

Merge
This table type is useful for virtual table.
This table type can be created by joining more than one MyISAM table types into single table.
However you can join more then one MyISAM table if and only if all the table having same
structure.

Creating a database using phpmyadmin & Console

• Creating a database using phpmyadmin

Run wampserver and Click on wampserver icon

Provide "root" username and click on Go button

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On phpMyAdmin dashboard, click on Databases option

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Now provide database name "GTU" and click on Create button

Now “GTU” database is created.

Creating a database using console

Run wampserver and Click on wampserver

icon

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Click on MySQL console option

Click on MYSql console option.

o Provide username "root" and click on OK button

o As "root" username have no password press enter key.

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Now type a sql statement to create an database "21ce2".

Creating a database using PHP script

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$qry="create database vpmp";
$ans =
mysqli_query($con,$qry);
if($ans)

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}
else

{
echo "Database Created Successfully";
echo "Database Not Created";

mysqli_close($con);

?>

Connecting with MYSQL Database: mysqli_connect() and mysqli_select_db()

mysqli_connect()
This function allows you to establish connection of PHP application with MySQL server.
○ Syntax :
$VariableName = mysqli_connect (serverName, UserName, Password)
ServerName: Indicates the name of the MySQL server with which you want to establish
connection.

UserName : Indicates name of the user using which you can logs on to MySQL server.
Password: Indicates password of the user using which you can logs on to MySQL Server. This
Function returns a Boolean value TRUE or FALSE.

If connection establish successfully with MySQL Server then this function returns true value otherwise
it returns false.

○ Example:

$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
if($con)

echo "Server Connected";

}
else

{
echo "Server Not Connected";

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?>

mysqli_select_db()
○ This function is used to select a database.

○ Syntax:
mysqli_select_db(connectionname, "databasename");
DatabaseName: Indicates the name of the database that you want to select. ConnectionName: Indicates the
name of the variable that is used at the time of established connection with MySQL server using
mysqli_connect() function.
This function returns a Boolean value TRUE or FALSE.

If Function successfully executed then it returns TRUE otherwise it return false.

○ Example:
<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
if($db)

echo "database selected":

{

}
else

{
echo "database not selected";

}
?>

Executing MySQL Queries :mysqli_query()

• mysqli_query()
This function allows you to specify and execute the MySQL command on MySQL Server.

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o Syntax:
mysqli_query(connectionname,
"Query");
Query : Indicates the MySQL command to be executed.
ConnectionName: Indicates the name of the variable that is used at the time of establish

connection with MySQL server using mysqli_connect() function.

。 Example:

Write a php script to create a database "vpmp".

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$qry="create database vpmp";

$ans=mysqli_query($con, $qry);

echo "Database created successfully";

if($ans)
{

}
else

{
echo "Database not created";

}
?>

Performing database operations

• mysqli_fetch_rows()
o This function allows you to retrieve a record from the record set that is returned from
executing the MySQL query.
o The record that is returned by this function is in the form of numeric array. Numeric array
contains index and value associated with that index.

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If there is no record in the record set then it returns false value.

○ Syntax :
mysqli_fetch_rows ($VariableName);
Variable Name: Indicates the record set that is returned from executing the MySQL
command using mysqli_query() function.
○ Example:

Write a php script to search a record from database.

$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
$qry="select * from student";
$ans=mysqli_query($con, $qry);
while($row=mysqli_fetch_rows($ans))
{
echo $row[0]."". $row[1]; echo "<br>";
}
mysqli_close($con);
?>

mysqli_fetch_array()
This function allows you to retrieve a record from the record set that is returned from executing the
MySQL query.
o The record that is returned by this function is in the form of numeric array, associative

array or both.
If there is no record in the record set then it returns false value.

O Syntax:

Here,
mysqli_fetch_array ($VariableName, ArrayType);

Variable Name : Indicates the record set that is returned from executing the MySQL
command using mysqli_query() function.

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。 Array Type indicates the type of the array to be

returned.
о

It can have one of the following value :

(1) MYSQL_ASSOC: This type of array contains name of the field and the value
associated with that field for current record.
(2) MYSQL_NUM: This type array contains index of the field and the value associated
with that index for current record.
(3) MYSQL_BOTH: It is combination of both Associative array and Numeric array. It is the
default type to be returned by this function.

○ Example:

<?php
$con = mysqli_connect ("localhost", "root"); mysqli_select_db
($con,"mydatabase");
$sql = "select * from Package_Master";
$result = mysqli_query($con,$sql);
$Ans = mysqli_fetch_array($result, 3); print_r($Ans);
mysqli_close($con)
?>

• mysqli_num_rows()
This function allows you to retrieve number of record available in the record set.
O Syntax:
$Number = mysqli_num_rows ($QueryResult);

Here,

QueryResult is the variable that holds the result returned by mysqli_query() function.

It returns numeric value which contains number of records available in the record set.

○ Example:

<?php
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$con = mysqli_connect ("localhost", "root");

mysqli_select_db ($con, "vpmp");
$sql = "select * from student";
$result = mysqli_query($con, $sql);
$record = mysqli_num_rows($result);
echo $record."Records";

mysqli_close($con);
?>

• mysqli_error()
This function allows you to retrieve the description of error that is encountered while executing the
script.
If the script contains more than one errors then it will returns error description of the last statement in which error is
encountered.

If no error encountered while executing the script then it will returns blank string.
○ Syntax :
mysqli_error();

mysqli_close()
This function allows you to close the connection that is established using mysqli_connect() function.
○ Syntax:
mysqli_close (ConnectionName)

Here,

ConnectionName: Indicates the name of the variable that is used at the time of establish connection with
MySQL server using mysqli_connect() function.
It returns a Boolean value TRUE or FALSE. If connection closed successfully then it returns
TRUE otherwise it returns FALSE.

Create a table

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost",
"root");

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$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
$qry="create table student (enrol int, snamevarchar(20), sem int)";
$ans = mysqli_query($con,$qry)

if($ans)

{
echo "Table Created Successfully";
}
else

{
echo "Table Not Created";

mysqli_close($con;
?>

Delete a table

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
$qry="delete table student"; $ans =
mysqli_query($con, $qry);
if($ans)
{

echo "Table Deleted Successfully";

}
else

{
echo "Table Not Deleted":

mysqli_close($con);

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?>

• Insert data into a table

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
$qry="insert into student values(501, 'Hitesh', 5)";
$ans = mysqli_query($con,
$qry);
if($ans)
{
echo "Record Inserted Successfully";

}
else

{
echo "Record Not inserted";

mysqli_close($con);

?>

Update data into the table

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp"); $qry="update
student set sem-6 where enrol=501"; $ans =
mysqli_query($con,$qry);
if($ans)

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{
echo "Record Updated Successfully";

}
else

echo "Record Not updated";

mysqli_close($con);
?>

Retrieve data from the table

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
$qry="select * from student";
$ans=mysqli_query($con, $qry);
while($row=mysqli_fetch_rows($ans))
{

echo $row[0]."". $row[1];

echo "<br>";

}
mysqli_close($con);
?>

• Delete data from the table

<?php

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$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");

$qry="delete from student where enrol=501";

$ans = mysqli_query($con, $qry);

if($ans)

echo "Record Deleted Successfully";

{

}
else

{
echo "Record Not Deleted";

mysqli_close($con);

?>

Displaying data from the database in different formats, including tables

Display data from the database in tabular format

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root");
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$db=mysqli_select_db($con, "vpmp");
$qry="select * from student"; $ans =
mysqli_query($con, $qry);
$no=mysqli_num_rows($ans);
{
echo "<table border=1>";

echo "<tr><td> Enrollment No </td>";

echo "<td> Student Name </td>";

echo "<td> Semester </td></tr>";

while ($res=mysqli_fetch_row($ans))
{
echo "<tr><td>$res[0]</td>";
echo "<td>$res[1]</td>";
echo "<td>$res[2]</td>";
echo "<td>$res[3]</td></tr>";

}
}

else

{
echo "No record Found";

}
mysqli_close($con);
?>

Hosting a Website
FTP is stands for File Transfer Protocol.
It is a system that allow you to log in to a server and upload, download or modify content. FileZilla
is powerful and free software for transferring file over the internet.

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Once you have the FileZilla client downloaded and activate on your system, enter the domain name in the address
field.

The Username and password you need to type in are the same as the ones you use to log in to your
cPanel.

Connect to a web server

In the FileZilla QuickConnect bar at the top of the page, enter your website URL in the host field.
Enter your FTP username and password.
Click QuickConnect.

While FileZilla connect to your web server, a number of messages display in the message log.
Once you are successfully connected to web server, the folder structure of your webserver display
in the Remote Site pane in FileZilla.

Transfer file to website

In the local site pane, navigate to the location of your website.
Select the files you want to upload to the website. You can select multiple files.
Drag the files you want to transfer from the Local site pane to Remote Site Pane.
FileZilla automatically transfer your files to your website.
When you are finished uploading your files, close FileZilla and check your website in browser.

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