ISSN 2249-6343

International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)

Volume 3, Special Issue, March-April 2013, An ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal.
E-NSPIRE, A National Level Conference held at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, INDIA.

Speed Control of PMDC Motor Using LM3524

PWM IC
Dipti K. Shah, Prof. B. T. Deshmukh

Abstract:-The goal of this work is to control the II. RELATED WORKS

speed of PMDC motor using PWM technique. The A reasonable number of works have found in the
speed control of PMDC motor is very essential in literature regarding the employment of solid state devices
application where precision and protection is for the control of DC drives. The paper of Alexendra
necessary. In this paper implementation of PWM is Morar elucidate the use of chopper in half bridge
done with the help of LM3524 for the speed control of configuration. Due to this the DC motor is rotate in only
PMDC motor fed by a DC chopper. The chopper is one direction i.e forward direction [4]. Axelrod B. have
driven at a frequency of 20KHZ controlling the PWM shown 4Q bidirectional drive system for DC motor based
duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor speed. on PWM dc-dc converter is presented using SPICE
This chopper circuit used here is 4 quadrants for the software. There converter offers both motoring and
rotation of motor in forward and reverse direction. regenerative braking mode of operation [5]. Paul A.R
Keywords:-PMDC motor, speed control, PWM, 4Q and George M. in his paper shows digital pulse width
chopper. modulation control techniques for trapezoidal brushless D
C motor drives. This digital control treats BLDC motor as
a digital system and regulation the speed of the motor [6].
I. INTRODUCTION
Saunders with his collogues have shown in their paper
how PWM techniques is useful for motor drive
Speed control of PMDC motor could be achieved by
applications. also they shows IGBT drives have faster
using mechanical or electrical techniques. In past , speed
output voltage rise time than other power drives[7]. In
controls of DC drives are mostly mechanical and
this paper the PMDC motor with speed control system is
requiring large size hardware to implement. The
presented and direction of motor rotation is presented.
development has launched these drives back to position
of formidable relevance which give rise to A.C drives.
II. METHODOLOGY
Some important applications are rolling mills, paper
mills, traction, printing, textiles mills etc.. Fractional A scheme that address on building up such a system as
horse power D.C drives are widely employed [1]. Due to mention above is presented here. As the system is based
the ability to supply continuously variable D.C voltage, on speed of PMDC motor , so desired goal is to achieve a
controlled rectifier and DC chopper made a revolution in system with control speed and direction of rotation at
modern industrial equipment and variable drives [2]. constant load condition. That means motor will run at
Adjustable speed drives may be operated over a wide variable speed at constant load condition. In
range of, by controlling armature or field excitation.[3]. implementing this work frequency independent PWM
The invention of power semiconductors saw the advent of output with variable duty cycle from 0% to 100% is
the D.C drive system for the most of the early variable generated. Furthermore an direction change logic circuit
speed requirements. Based on the advantage of simple is fabricated for the changing the direction of
construction and ease of control, this technology motor(forward and reverse). Also there is use of soft start
continued to be taken up for future improvement. BJT circuit , to protect the motor from inrush current.
and GTO along with various analog digital chips used in
firing or controlling circuits have made DC drives more A. System Overview
accessible for control in numbers of applications. Recent The PMDC motor to be controlled is fed by DC source
development in the area of semiconductors technology through a 4 quadrant chopper circuit. The output voltage
have made new power device for variable frequency of chopper is fed to the PMDC motor which rotate in
drives as IGBT. The use of IGBT in chopper circuit to forward and reverse direction according to the conduction
control and rotate the motor in forward and reverse of chopper pair. With the help of tachometer we can
direction. The main objective of this work is to become measure the speed of motor in RMP along with direction
familiar with design. of rotation.

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 ISSN 2249-6343
International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 3, Special Issue, March-April 2013, An ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal.
E-NSPIRE, A National Level Conference held at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, INDIA.

B. Circuit Description Here PWM pulse generator is used for generating the
desired DC level with the help of positive voltage pulse
The circuit is based on PWM techniques. LM3524
provide desired DC level. By adjusting the register valve circuit. This output along with the output of direction
the duty cycle can be controlled. When motor run at change logic circuit is given to the Anding circuit for the
20% duty cycle the output voltage develop across generation of four pulses which is used to drive the IGBT
chopper is less which in turn makes the speed of motor gate Driver circuit.
to be less but for 70% duty cycle the speed of motor get D. Opto-coupler
increased. This increase or decreased speed is sensed by For driving the IGBT circuits , opto couplers are used .
tachometer. But if any load occurs , the speed of motor with the advantage of isolation between control circuitry
get decreased for the same duty cycle. Also, the and power circuit. Here MCT2E opto coupler is used.
direction of PMDC motor can be change with the help of MCT2E consist of a gallium arsenide infrared emitting
direction change logic circuit. If the motor rotate in diode driving a silicon phototransistor in a 6-pin dual in-
forward direction then after switching this switches the line package [9].
motor will rotate in reverse direction. The control of the
armature currents is done with the help of IGBT power III. RESULT & DISCUSSION
circuit. Due to the IGBT power circuit the motor is The result obtained are as expected can be discussed as
rotated in both the direction. Thus there is forward and follows.
reverse regenerative breaking takes place. A. Chopper circuit output
A pulse of fixed frequency generated by the PWM pulse
generator which is fed to the IGBT chopper circuit. The
output voltageV0 (dc) of chopper is given to the PMDC
motor. According to the IGBT pair operation the motor
will rotate in that direction. A freewheeling diode is used
for back emf protection.
TABLE 1
MOTOR TERMINAL VOLTAGEAT VARIOUS POT
POSITION
POT OUTPUT SPEED OF
POSITION VOLTAAGE MOTOR(RPM)
FOR
FORWARD
DIRECTION
CONDITION
1 07 52.6
Fig 1 Block Diagram 2 26 209.40

C. Pulse width modulation 3 60 245.96

PWM drive technology has become most popular drive 4 85 642.70
technology due to the many advantage: 5 120 933.20
 High efficiency (97% to 98%). 6 180 1365
 Small size. 7 200 1440
 Constant high input power factor. 8 217 1695
 Open circuit operation. 9 235 1875
 Multi-motor applications capability. 10 250 1920
 Wide speed range . POT OUTPUT SPEED OF
 Excellent speed regulations. POSITION VOLTAAGE MOTOR(RPM)
FOR REVERSE
 Ride-through capability. DIRECTION
CONDITION
 Operation < 6Hz possible w/o cogging.
1 -07 -42.5
 Low sensitive to line transmission.[7]

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 ISSN 2249-6343
International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 3, Special Issue, March-April 2013, An ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal.
E-NSPIRE, A National Level Conference held at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharashtra, INDIA.

2 -26 -196.7 V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3 -60 -464.3 Firstly, Author would like to pay respectfully thanks to
teachers and admirer supervisors. Special thanks to my
4 -85 -672.4
guide Prof. B.T. Deashmukh and Prof. J. Rana Head of
5 -120 -931.5 the department of JNEC, Aurangabad for encouragement.
6 -180 -967.9
REFERENCES
7 -200 -1161
[1] Gopal K. Dubey, “fundamentals of Electric Derives”, Narosa
8 -217 -1730 publishing House New Delhi,1989
9 -235 -1842 [2] Muhammad Rasid,”Power Electronics circuits, Devices and
Applications” Prentice Hall, 3rd edition.
10 -250 -1956
[3] Atul Dewangan, Nibbedita, Sashi,Vinod Yadu,”PWM Based
Automatic closed loop speed Of DC motor” , international journal
of engineering trends and technology- volume 3 issue2-2012.
400 [4] ALEXANDRU MORAR “DC DRIVE SYSTEM WITH THE
INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS” by “Petru
200 Maior” University of Tg. - Mures, Faculty of Engineering 1,
pot position

output
Nicolae Iorga str.
voltage at
0 chopper [5] Axelrod, B.” Four-quadrant bi-directional drive system based on
in PWM DC-DC converter” Advanced Motion Control, 2008. AMC
1 4 7 10
-200 forward '08. 10th IEEE International Workshop , Page(s): 377 – 381
direction [6] Paul, A.R. ,” Brushless DC motor control using digital PWM
-400
output voltage atchopper techniques”, Signal Processing, Communication, Computing and
Networking Technologies (ICSCCN), 2011 International
Conference, Page(s): 733 – 738
Fig 2 Pot Position vs. Output Voltage [7] Saunders, Skibiniks, EVon, Kempkes,”Riding the Reflected wave-
IGBT Drive Technology Demands New Motor and cable
considerations” IEEE IAS- Petroleum & Chemical Industry
Conference , Philadelphia ,sept.-23-25 ,1996, page -75-84.

2500 [8] International Rectifier , data catalog( IGBT)

speed in rmp

2000 [9] www.national.com (Regulator IC, LM3524, IC 555, MTC2E)

1500
1000
500 speed in AUTHOR’S PROFILE:
0 RPM
0 500 Ms. Dipti Shah Student (M.E) E.C, Professor
& Head of Electrical Mechanics
output voltage at chopper during
forward rotation of motor

Fig 3 Speed of motor vs. Output voltage

Prof. Mr. B.T. Deshmukh Jawaharlal Nehru

Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru
IV. CONCLUSION Engineering, N-6 CIDCO, N-6 CIDCO,
The speed control of PMDC motor using PWM Aurangabad. Maharashtra, India
Aurangabad. Maharashtra, India
technique with chopper has been introduces. Controlling
the speed of PMDC motor without feedback is
implemented using LM3524 [9]. The system will be
made user friendly so that anyone can be operated.

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