Dev_Zeeshan

Linux
Commands
for DevOps
Beginner Advance
All the listed linux
commands based
these concepts
User Management

File Management

Network Management

System and Package Mangement

 Basic Linux Commands
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

cd Changes the current working directory cd /path/to/directory

pwd Prints the current working directory pwd

mkdir Creates a new directory mkdir directory_name

touch Creates empty files touch file_name

cat Print the content of a file cat file_name

ls Shows basic file and directory names. ls

 Basic Linux Commands
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Lists files and directories with detailed

ls -l ls -l
information

mv [file name] [file name] Renames a file mv 1.txt 2.txt

mv [file name] [path] Move a file mv 2.txt /home/Desktop

rm Removes files rm file_name

rmdir Removes empty directories rmdir directory_name

cd .. Moves up one directory level cd ..

 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Displays a real-time list of running

top top
processes

Recursively removes the directory

rm -r directory_name rm -r learnlinux
named "learnlinux" and its contents

echo "Linux" Prints the text "Linux" to the terminal echo “Linux”

Prints "Linux Learn" to a file named 1.txt. If

echo "Linux Learn" > filename echo "Linux Learn" > 1.txt
the file exists, it will be overwritten

Prints "Linux Learn" to a file named 2.txt. If

echo "Linux Learn" > filename echo “Linux Learn” > 2.txt
the file not exists, it create one

Uncompresses and displays the zcat compressed_file.gz

zcat
contents of a compressed file
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

head Displays the first few lines of a file head file_name

tail Displays the last few lines of a file tail file_name

Continuously monitors a file for new

tail -f tail -f file_name
content and displays it as it's added

View and navigate through the content

less less file_name
of a file interactively

Display the content of a file one screen

more more file_name
at a time

To get more information about a specific

man man command_name
command
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

cp source_file
cp Copies files
destination_file

Copies directories recursively (including cp -r source_directory

cp -r
all subdirectories and files) destination_directory

Counts words, lines, and characters in

wc wc file_name
files

A hard link always points a filename to ln [original_file]

Hard link
data on a storage device [new_hard_link]

A soft link always points a filename to

ln -s [original_file]
Soft link another filename, which then points to
[new_soft_link]
information on a storage device
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Extracts the first byte (character) from each

cut -b cut -b file_name
line of the file

Reads from standard input and writes to

echo "Hello, world!" | tee
both standard output and one or more
tee output.txt
files. Useful for simultaneously viewing
and saving output

Sorts lines of text alphabetically or

sort sort file_name
numerically

clear Clears the terminal screen clear

Compares two files line by line and

diff diff file1 file2
highlights differences
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Displays free and used memory in the

free free / free -h
system

Secure Shell, used for remote login and

ssh ssh user@host
command execution

df Displays disk usage information df

Shows disk usage for the current

du . du .
directory and its subdirectories

ps Lists running processes ps

Shows which processes are using a

fuser fuser file_name
specific file or socket
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

kill Sends a signal to a process kill -SIGHUP [process_id]

Terminate a Process (Soft Kill - kill [process_id]

kill
SIGTERM)

Forcefully Terminate a Process (Hard Kill

kill kill -SIGKILL [process_id]
- SIGKILL)

kill Send a Different Signal using signal no. kill -1 [process_id]

kill Kill all Processes with a Specific Name pkill myprocess

Display and modify the environment

env env
variables for a shell session
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Prints system information, including the

uname uname
kernel name, version, and architecture

Shows how long the system has been

uptime uptime
running

who Lists currently logged-in users who

whoami Prints the name of the current user whoami

Locates a command's executable file

which which ls / which bash
path

Prints user and group ID information for

id id
the current user
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Executes a command with elevated

sudo privileges (as the root user)as it grants full sudo
system access

Displays the contents of the

/etc/passwd file, which stores user
cat /etc/passwd account information, including cat /etc/passwd
usernames, user IDs, home directories,
and default shells

sudo shutdown Shuts down the system immediately sudo shutdown

sudo reboot Prints the name of the current user sudo reboot

It allows you to install, update, upgrade, apt upgrade/

apt and remove software packages on your apt show/
system apt serach, etc
 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Installs the package using the apt package

sudo apt install package_name sudo apt install git
manager

sudo apt remove package_name Removes the package sudo apt remove git

Creates a new user named "dev_shan" sudo useradd -m

sudo useradd -m newuser
and creates a home directory for them. dev_shan

Sets or changes the password for the

sudo passwd newuser sudo passwd dev_shan
user "dev_shan"

Switches the current user to

su oldUser su dev_zeeshan
"dev_zeeshan"

sudo userdel newser Deletes the user account "dev_shan" sudo userdel dev_shan
 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

sudo groupadd group_name Creates a new group named "devops" sudo groupadd devops

Adds the user "dev_zeehsna" to the sudo gpasswd -a

sudo gpasswd -a user1 group1
group "devops" dev_zeeshan devops

sudo useradd -M
sudo gpasswd -M user1 user2
Adds multiple users to the group dev_shan, dev_harsh
user3 user4 groupname
devops

Displays the contents of the /etc/group

file, which stores group information,
cat /etc/group cat/etc/devops
including group names, group IDs, and
member lists

It is used to set default permissions for

umask umask
files or directories the user creates
 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Changes the permissions of the

specified folder to allow read, write, and
chmod 777 directory_name chmod 777 learnlinux
execute access for all users (owner,
group, and others).

Changes the owner of the file "1.txt" to

sudo chown user_name file_name sudo chown user1 1.txt
"user1"

sudo chgrp owner-name Changes the group ownership of the file

sudo chgrp zeeshan 1.txt
file_name "1.txt" to "zeeshan”

Creates a zip archive named "ldf.zip"

zip -r archive.zip directory_name containing the specified folder and its zip -r ldf.zip learnlinux
contents, including subdirectories

Extracts the contents of the zip archive

unzip archive.zip unzip ldf.zip
"ldf.zip".
 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Used for creating and extracting tar

tar/untar archives, a common format for file
compression and distribution in Linux

tar -cvf archive.tar tar -cvf archive.tar

Creates a tar archive named "archive.tar"
[files/directories] learnlinux

Extracts the contents of the tar archive

tar -xvf archive.tar tar -xvf archive.tar"
"archive.tar"

it is used to check the network

ping [url] connectivity between host and ping google.com
server/host

Displays network connections and

netstat/ss netstat
statistics
LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Manages and configures network

ifconfig ifconfig
interfaces

Traces the path of packets to

traceroute [url] traceroute youtube.com
youtube.com, showing hops and delays

Similar to traceroute, but with slightly

tracepath [url] tracerpath youtube.com
different output

Combines traceroute and ping,

mtr [url] providing continuous updates for mtr youtube.com
monitoring network paths

Queries DNS servers to resolve domain

nslookup [url] nslookup youtube.com
names to IP addresses

hostname Prints or sets the system's hostname hostname

 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Displays IP addresses and other network

ip addr show ip addr show
interface information

iwconfig Configures wireless network interfaces iwconfig

Performs DNS lookups, often for

dig dig
troubleshooting DNS issues

WHOIS databases for domain name and

whois whois
IP address ownership information

nc [options] [hostname] [port[s]] A versatile tool for network

nc -v localhost 1234
communication and data transfer

Displays or manipulates the Address

arp arp
Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache
 LINUX COMMANDS MEANING USAGE

Shows the status of network interfaces

ifplugstatus ifplugstatus
(plugged or unplugged)

A command-line JSON processor for

jq
parsing and manipulating JSON data

Fetches data from an API endpoint using curl -X GET apiendpoint |

curl -X GET apiendpoint | jq
curl and pipes it to jq for JSON parsing jq

wget link Downloads files from the web wget link

Tools to scans a network or host for open

nmap -v url nmap -v google.com
ports and services
Resources:

Linux Cheatsheet:
https://cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-
sheets/linux-command-line/
Linux for DevOps:
https://cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-
sheets/linux-command-line/
Linux Tutorial:
https://cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-
sheets/linux-command-line/
Thank you

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