EXPERIMENT 15

To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.

Preliminary tests:

Colour: Colourless
Physical state: Liquid
Odour: Characteristics smell

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: Brown colour of bromine Unsaturation is absent.
Dissolved 0.2ml of organic notdischarged.
compound in 2ml CCl4. Then
addedbromine-water dropwise.
Test for carboxylic group: No effervescence occurs. Carboxylic group is absent.
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2
ml of organic compound in a
test tube.
Test for phenolic group: Light red colour obtained. The phenolic -OH group is absent.
Placed a drop of the given liquid
or
a crystal if solid on moist blue
litmus paper.
Test for alcoholic group: No red/pink colour obtained. Alcoholic group is absent.
Added few drops of ceric
ammonium nitrate in the 0.2
ml oforganic compound and
shake well.
Test for carbonyl group: Orange-yellow ppt. obtained. Carbonyl group may be present.
Shook 0.2 ml of organic
compoundwith 2-3 ml of 2, 4-
dinitrophenyl
hydrazine (2,4-DNP) in a test
tube.
Confirmatory Tests:
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Fehling’s test: 1. Appearance of red 1. Aldehyde group (-CHO) is
Warmed 1 ml of precipitate. present and confirmed.
organic compound in
hot water bath with 1
ml of Fehling’s
solution A and B.
2. Sodium nitroprusside 2. No red colour is observed. 2. Ketonic group is absent.
test:
Added sodium
nitroprusside solution
to the organic
compound. Added
sodium hydroxide
solution dropwise
after proper shaking.
 Chemical Equations:

Reaction of Aldehyde:

Cu2O (s) + RCOO- + 3H2O

Reaction of Ketone:

CH3COCH3 + OH–→ CH3COCH2– + H2O

[Fe(CN)5NO]2- + CH3COCH2– → No reaction.
Nitroprusside ion No Red colouration

Hence my sample (O1) contains aldehyde (–CHO) group.

EXPERIMENT 16

To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.

Preliminary tests:

Colour: Colourless
Physical state: Liquid
Odour: Characteristics smell

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: Brown colour of bromine Unsaturation is absent.
Dissolved 0.2ml of organic notdischarged.
compound in 2ml CCl4. Then
addedbromine-water dropwise.
Test for carboxylic group: No effervescence occurs. Carboxylic group is absent.
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2
ml of organic compound in a
test tube.
Test for phenolic group: Light red colour obtained. Phenolic -OH group is absent.
Placed a drop of the given liquid
or
a crystal if solid on moist blue
litmus paper.
Test for alcoholic group: No red/pink colour obtained. Alcoholic group is absent.
Added few drops of ceric
ammonium nitrate in the 0.2
ml oforganic compound and
shake well.
Test for carbonyl group: Orange-yellow ppt.obtained. Carbonyl group may be present.
Shook 0.2 ml of organic
compoundwith 2-3 ml of 2, 4-
dinitrophenyl
hydrazine (2,4-DNP) in a test
tube.
Confirmatory Tests:
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Fehling’s test: 1. Appearance of a no red 1. Aldehyde group is
Warmed 1 ml of precipitate. absent.
organic compound in
hot water bath with 1
ml of Fehling’s
solution A and B.
2. Sodium nitroprusside 2. A red colour is observed. 2. Ketonic group is present
test: and confirmed.
Added sodium
nitroprusside solution
to the organic
compound. Added
sodium hydroxide
solution dropwise
after proper shaking.
 Chemical Equations:

Reaction of Aldehyde:

No Red coloration

Reaction of Ketone:

CH3COCH3 + OH–→ CH3COCH2– + H2O

[Fe(CN)5NO]2- + CH3COCH2– → [Fe(CN)5NO.CH3COCH2]3-
Nitroprusside ion Red colouration

Hence my sample (O2) contains ketone (–C=O) group.

 EXPERIMENT 17

Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.

Preliminary Tests:

Colour: Colourless
Physical state: Liquid
Odour: Characteristics smell

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: Brown colour of bromine Unsaturation is absent.
Dissolved 0.2ml of organic notdischarged.
compound in 2ml CCl4. Then
addedbromine-water dropwise.
Test for carboxylic group: Effervescence occurs Carboxylic group may be present.
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2
ml of organic compound in a
test tube.
Test for phenolic -OH group: Deep red colour obtained. As carboxylic group is present
Placed a drop of the given liquid therefore Phenolic -OH group is
or a crystal if solid on moist blue absent.
litmus paper
Test for alcoholic group: No red/pink colour obtained. Alcoholic group is absent.
Added few drops of ceric
ammonium nitrate in the 0.2
ml of organic compound and
shake well.
Test for carbonyl group: No orange-yellow ppt. Carbonyl group is absent.
Shook 0.2 ml of organic
compoundwith 2-3 ml of 2, 4-
dinitrophenyl hydrazine (2, 4-
DNP) in a test tube.

Confirmatory Tests:
Experiment Observation Inference
Added 1 ml of organic A fruity smell obtained. Carboxylic group (-COOH) i s
compound to 1 ml of present and confirmed.
ethanol and 2-3 drops of
conc. sulphuric acid in a
ttest tube. Warm the
mixture on a water bath
and poured into about 2o
ml of cold water in a
beaker and smell.

Hence my sample (O3) contains carboxylic ( -COOH) group.

Experiment 18

To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.

Preliminary Tests:

Colour: Colourless
Physical state: Liquid
Odour: Characteristics smell

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: Brown colour of bromine Unsaturation is absent.
Dissolved 0.2ml of organic notdischarged.
compound in 2ml CCl4. Then
addedbromine-water dropwise.
Test for carboxylic group: No effervescence. Carboxylic group is absent.
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2
ml of organic compound in a
test tube.
Test for phenolic group: Light red colour obtained. Phenolic group may be present.
Placed a drop of the given liquid
or a crystal if solid on moist blue
litmus
paper
Test for alcoholic group: No red/pink colour obtained. Alcoholic group is absent.
Added few drops of ceric
ammonium nitrate in the 0.2
ml of
organic compound and shake
well.
Test for carbonyl group: No orange-yellow ppt. Carbonyl group is absent.
Shook 0.2 ml of organic
compoundwith 2-3 ml of 2, 4-
dinitrophenyl
hydrazine (2, 4-DNP) in a test
tube.

Confirmatory Tests:
Experiment Observation Inference
Added 0.2 ml of organic Violet coloured obtained. Phenolic -OH group present and
compound to 2-3 ml confirmed.
neutral FeCl3 solution in
atest tube.

Chemical Equations:

6C6H5OH+ FeCl3 H3[Fe(OC6H5) + 3 HCl

Hence my sample (O4) contains phenolic- OH group.

 EXPERIMENT: 19

To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.

Preliminary Tests:
Colour: Colourless
Physical state: Liquid
Odour: Characteristics smell

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: Brown colour of bromine not Unsaturation is absent.
Dissolved 0.2ml of organic discharged.
compound in 2ml CCl4. Then added
bromine-water dropwise.
Test for carboxylic group: No effervescence. Carboxylic group is absent.
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to 0.2 ml
of organic compound in a test tube.

Test for phenolic group: No Light red colour obtained. Phenolic group is absent.
Placed a drop of the given liquid or
a crystal if solid on moist blue litmus
paper
Test for alcoholic group: Red/pink colour obtained. Alcoholic group may be present.
Added few drops of ceric
ammonium nitrate in the 0.2 ml of
organic compound and shake well.
Test for carbonyl group: No orange-yellow ppt. Carbonyl group is absent.
Shook 0.2 ml of organic compound
with 2-3 ml of 2, 4-dinitrophenyl
hydrazine (2, 4-DNP) in a test tube.
Test for amino group: No visible change found. Amine is absent.
Nitrous acid test:
1 ml of conc. HCl was added to a
small amount of organic
compound (may be a crystal or
soln) in test tube and kept it in
ice. A solution of sodium nitrite
added to that test tube.

Confirmatory Tests:
Experiment Observation Inference
Added 1 ml of organic A fruity smell obtained. Alcoholic group is present and
compound to 1 ml of confirmed.
glacial acetic acid and 2-3
drops of conc. Sulphuric
acid in a test tube. Warm
the mixture on a water
bath and poured into
about 20 ml of cold
water in a beaker and
smell.

Hence my sample (O5) contains -OH group.