GREATER NOIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Engg.

Institute)
ग्रेटर नोएडा इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी
DEPARTMENT OF [Link] FIRST
YEAR
SESSION 2024 -2025, FIRST
SEMESTER

LAB RECORD

PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

BCS-151

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MR. ANUPAM GAUTAM SIR STUDENT NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT

S. NO.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PROGRAM DATE
STUDENT ID:2400310 SIGNTURE
DEPT. OF CSE SECTION: A7
1. Write a program that accepts the marks of 5
subjects and find the sum and percentage of marks
obtained by the student.
2. Write a program that calculates the Simple Interest
and Compound Interest. The Principal Amount,
Rate of Interest, and Time are entered through the
keyboard.
3. Write a program to calculate the area and
circumference of a Circle.
4. Write a program that accepts the temperature in
Centigrade and converts it into Fahrenheit using
the formula C/5 = (F – 32) / 9.

5. Write a program that swaps the values of two

variables using a third variable.
6. Write a program that checks whether the two
numbers entered by the user are equal or not.
7. Write a program to find the greatest of three
numbers.
8. Write a program that finds whether a given number
is even or odd.
9. Write a program that tells whether a given year is a
leap year or not.
10. Write a program that accepts marks of five subjects
and finds percentage and prints grades according
to the following criteria:
Between
90-100% ------------------------------- Print “A”
80-90% --------------------------------- Print “B”
60-80% --------------------------------- Print “C”
Below 60% ---------------------------- Print “D”
11. Write a program that takes two operands and one
operator from the user and performs the operation
and prints the result by using the Switch Statement.
12. Write a program to print the sum of all numbers up
to a given number.
PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB (BCS-251)

INDEX
13. Write a program to find the factorial of a given
number.
14. Write a program to print the sum of even and odd
numbers from 1 to N numbers.
15. Write a program to print the Fibonacci series.

16. Write a program to check whether the entered

number is a prime or not.
17. Write a program to find the sum of digits of the
entered number.
18. Write a program to find the reverse of a number.

19. Write a program to print Armstrong numbers from

1 to 1000.
20. Write a program to convert the binary numbers
into a decimal number and vice versa.
21. Write a program that simply takes elements of the
array from the user and finds the sum of these
elements.
22. Write a program that inputs two arrays and saves
the sum of corresponding elements of these arrays
in a third array and prints them.
23. Write a program to find the minimum and
maximum elements of the array.
24. Write a program to search an element in an array
using Linear Search.
25. Write a program to sort the elements of the array
in ascending order using the Bubble Sort
technique.
26. Write a program to add and multiply two matrices.

27. Write a program that finds the sum of diagonal

elements of a m*n matrix
28. Write a program to implement strlen (), strcat (),
strcpy () using the concept of Functions.
29. Write a program to find factorial of a number using
recursion.
 30. Write a program to swap two elements using the
concept of pointers.

PROGRAM NO. 1 DATE:…………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO : A7-29

Write a program that accepts the marks of 5 subjects and find the sum and percentage of
marks obtained by the student.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
float mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4, mark5, total_marks ,percentage; // Accept marks for 5 subjects
printf("Enter the marks for subject 1 (out of 100): ");
scanf("%f", &mark1);
printf("Enter the marks for subject 2 (out of 100): ");
scanf("%f", &mark2);
printf("Enter the marks for subject 3 (out of 100): ");
scanf("%f", &mark3);
printf("Enter the marks for subject 4 (out of 100): ");
scanf("%f", &mark4);
printf("Enter the marks for subject 5 (out of 100): ");
scanf("%f", &mark5); // Calculate the total marks and percentage
// Calculate the total marks and percentage
total_marks = mark1 + mark2 + mark3 + mark4 + mark5;
percentage = (total_marks / 500) * 100; // Since each subject is out of 100 // Display the results
printf("\nTotal Marks Obtained: %.2f out of 500\n", total_marks);
printf("Percentage: %.2f%%\n", percentage);
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
Enter the marks for subject 1 (out of 100): 85
Enter the marks for subject 2 (out of 100): 90
Enter the marks for subject 3 (out of 100): 78
Enter the marks for subject 4 (out of 100): 88
Enter the marks for subject 5 (out of 100): 95
Total Marks Obtained: 436.00 out of 500
Percentage: 87.20%

PROGRAM NO. 2 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that calculates the Simple Interest and Compound Interest. The Principal
Amount, Rate of Interest, and Time are entered through the keyboard.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
float principal, rate, time, simple_interest, compound_interest;
printf("Enter the Principal Amount: "); // Accept Principal Amount
scanf("%f", &principal);
printf("Enter the Rate of Interest (in percentage): "); // Accept Rate of Interest
scanf("%f", &rate);
// Accept Time (in years)
printf("Enter the Time (in years): ");
scanf("%f", &time);
// Calculate Simple Interest
simple_interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100;
compound_interest = principal * pow((1 + rate / 100), time) - principal; // Calculate Compound Interest
printf("\nSimple Interest: %.2f\n", simple_interest); // Display the results
printf("Compound Interest: %.2f\n", compound_interest);
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
Enter the Principal Amount: 1000
Enter the Rate of Interest (in percentage): 5
Enter the Time (in years): 2
Simple Interest: 100.00
Compound Interest: 102.50
 PROGRAM NO. 3 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME:SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to calculate the area and circumference of a Circle.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define PI 3.14159 // Define the value of PI
int main() {
float radius, area, circumference;
// Accept the radius of the circle from the user
printf("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
scanf("%f", &radius);
// Calculate the area of the circle
area = PI * radius * radius;
// Calculate the circumference of the circle
circumference = 2 * PI * radius;
// Display the results
printf("\nArea of the Circle: %.2f\n", area);
printf("Circumference of the Circle: %.2f\n", circumference);
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
Enter the radius of the circle: 5
Area of the Circle: 78.54
Circumference of the Circle: 31.42
 PROGRAM NO. 4 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME:SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that accepts the temperature in Centigrade and converts it into Fahrenheit
using the formula C/5 = (F – 32) / 9.
INPUT

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
float centigrade, fahrenheit;
// Accept temperature in Centigrade from the user
printf("Enter temperature in Centigrade: ");
scanf("%f", &centigrade);
// Convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit using the formula
fahrenheit = (centigrade * 9 / 5) + 32;
// Display the result
printf("\nTemperature in Fahrenheit: %.2f\n", fahrenheit);
return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT

Enter temperature in Centigrade: 25

Temperature in Fahrenheit: 77.00
 PROGRAM NO. 5 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that swaps the values of two variables using a third variable.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int a, b, c; // Accept values for the variables from the user
printf("Enter the first value (a): ");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("Enter the second value (b): ");
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("\nBefore swapping:\n"); // Display values before swapping
printf("a = %d\n", a);
printf("b = %d\n", b); // Swap the values using a third variable
c = a; // Store the value of a in c
a = b; // Assign the value of b to a
b = c; // Assign the value of c (original a) to b
printf("\nAfter swapping:\n"); // Display values after swapping
printf("a = %d\n", a);
printf("b = %d\n", b);
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
Enter the first value (a): 5

Enter the second value (b): 10

Before swapping:

a=5

b = 10

After swapping:

a = 10
b=5

PROGRAM NO. 6 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that checks whether the two numbers entered by the user are equal or
not.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int num1, num2;
// Accept values for the variables from the user
printf("Enter the first number: ");
scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter the second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);
// Check if the numbers are equal
if (num1 == num2) {
printf("The two numbers are equal.\n");
} else {
printf("The two numbers are not equal.\n");
}
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
CASE:1

Enter the first number: 10

Enter the second number: 10

The two numbers are equal.

CASE:2

Enter the first number: 15

Enter the second number: 20

The two numbers are not equal.

 PROGRAM NO: 7 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to find the greatest of three numbers.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main() {

int num1, num2, num3;

// Accept values for the three numbers from the user

printf("Enter the first number: ");

scanf("%d", &num1);

printf("Enter the second number: ");

scanf("%d", &num2);

printf("Enter the third number: ");

scanf("%d", &num3);

// Determine the greatest number

if (num1 >= num2 && num1 >= num3) {

printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num1);

} else if (num2 >= num1 && num2 >= num3) {

printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num2);

} else {

printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num3);

return 0;

}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the first number: 10

Enter the second number: 20

Enter the third number: 15

The greatest number is: 20

 PROGRAM NO: 8 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that finds whether a given number is even or odd.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int number;
// Accept a number from the user
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);

// Check if the number is even or odd

if (number % 2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even number.\n", number);
} else {
printf("%d is an odd number.\n", number);
}
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
Enter an integer: 8

8 is an even number.

Enter an integer: 15

15 is an odd number.

Enter an integer: -4

-4 is an even number.
 PROGRAM NO: 9 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that tells whether a given year is a leap year or not
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main() {

int year;

// Accept a year from the user

printf("Enter a year: ");

scanf("%d", &year);

// Check if the year is a leap year using the ternary operator

// A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4 and (not divisible by 100 or divisible by 400)

(year % 4 == 0 && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0))

? printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year)

: printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);

return 0;

. .
OUTPUT
Enter a year: 2020
2020 is a leap year.
Enter a year: 2019
2019 is not a leap year.
Enter a year: 2000
2000 is a leap year.
 PROGRAM NO: 10 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that accepts marks of five subjects and finds percentage and prints grades
according to the following criteria:
Between
90-100% ------------------------------- Print “A”
80-90% --------------------------------- Print “B”
60-80% --------------------------------- Print “C”
Below 60% ---------------------------- Print “D”
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#input<conio.h>
int main() {
float marks[5], total = 0.0, percentage;
char grade;
// Accept marks for five subjects
printf("Enter marks for five subjects:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Subject %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%f", &marks[i]);
total += marks[i]; // Sum up the marks
}
percentage = (total / 500) * 100; // Calculate percentage
// Determine grade based on percentage
grade = (percentage >= 90 && percentage <= 100) ? 'A' :
(percentage >= 80 && percentage < 90) ? 'B' :
(percentage >= 60 && percentage < 80) ? 'C' :
(percentage < 60) ? 'D' : 'F'; // 'F' for invalid percentage
// Print percentage and grade
printf("Total Marks: %.2f\n", total);
printf("Percentage: %.2f%%\n", percentage);
printf("Grade: %c\n", grade);

return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter marks for five subjects:
Subject 1: 85
Subject 2: 90
Subject 3: 78
Subject 4: 88
Subject 5: 92
Total Marks: 433.00
Percentage: 86.60%
Grade: B
 PROGRAM NO: 11 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that takes two operands and one operator from the user and performs the
operation and prints the result by using the Switch Statement.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
float num1, num2, result;
char operator;
// Accept two operands and an operator from the user
printf("Enter first operand: ");
scanf("%f", &num1);
printf("Enter second operand: ");
scanf("%f", &num2);
printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf(" %c", &operator); // Note the space before %c to consume any whitespace

// Perform the operation based on the operator using switch statement

switch (operator) {
case '+':
result = num1 + num2;
printf("%.2f + %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, result);
break;
case '-':
result = num1 - num2;
printf("%.2f - %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, result);
break;
case '*':
result = num1 * num2;
printf("%.2f * %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, result);
break;
case '/':
if (num2 != 0) {
result = num1 / num2;
printf("%.2f / %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, result);
} else {
printf("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.\n");
}
break;
default:
printf("Error: Invalid operator.\n");
break;
}
 return 0;
}

OUTPUT
[Link]

Enter first operand: 5

Enter second operand: 3

Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): +

5.00 + 3.00 = 8.00

[Link]

Enter first operand: 10

Enter second operand: 2

Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): /

10.00 / 2.00 = 5.00

[Link] BY ZERO

Enter first operand: 10

Enter second operand: 0

Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): /

Error: Division by zero is not allowed.

[Link] OPERATOR

Enter first operand: 10

Enter second operand: 5

Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ^

Error: Invalid operator.

 PROGRAM NO: 12 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to print the sum of all numbers up to a given number.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int n;
int sum = 0;
// Accept a positive integer from the user
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Check if the input is a positive integer
if (n < 1) {
printf("Please enter a positive integer greater than 0.\n");
return 1; // Exit the program with an error code
}
// Calculate the sum of all numbers from 1 to n
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
sum += i; // Add i to sum
}
// Print the result
printf("The sum of all numbers from 1 to %d is: %d\n", n, sum);
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .

OUTPUT

Enter a positive integer: 10

The sum of all numbers from 1 to 10 is: 55
Enter a positive integer: 5
The sum of all numbers from 1 to 5 is: 15
 PROGRAM NO: 13 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to find the factorial of a given number.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
unsigned long long factorial_iterative(int n) {
if (n < 0) {
printf("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.\n");
return 0;
}
unsigned long long result = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i;
}
return result;
}
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number to find its factorial: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
printf("The factorial of %d is: %llu\n", number, factorial_iterative(number));
return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT

Enter a number to find its factorial: 5

The factorial of 5 is: 120
 PROGRAM NO: 14 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to print the sum of even and odd numbers from 1 to N numbers?
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int N;
int sum_even = 0, sum_odd = 0;
// Accept a positive integer from the user
printf("Enter a positive integer N: ");
scanf("%d", &N);
// Check if the input is a positive integer
if (N < 1) {
printf("Please enter a positive integer greater than 0.\n");
return 1; // Exit the program with an error code}
// Calculate the sum of even and odd numbers from 1 to N
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
sum_even += i; // Add to sum_even if i is even
} else {
sum_odd += i; // Add to sum_odd if i is odd
}
}
// Print the results
printf("Sum of even numbers from 1 to %d is: %d\n", N, sum_even);
printf("Sum of odd numbers from 1 to %d is: %d\n", N, sum_odd);
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter a positive integer N: 10
Sum of even numbers from 1 to 10 is: 30
Sum of odd numbers from 1 to 10 is: 25
Enter a positive integer N: 5
Sum of even numbers from 1 to 5 is: 6
Sum of odd numbers from 1 to 5 is: 9
 PROGRAM NO. 15 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to print the Fibonacci series.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main() {
int n, i;
unsigned long long first = 0, second = 1, next;
// Accept the number of terms from the user
printf("Enter the number of terms in the Fibonacci series: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Check if the number of terms is valid
if (n <= 0) {
printf("Please enter a positive integer greater than 0.\n");
return 1; // Exit the program with an error code
}
printf("Fibonacci Series: ");
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i == 1) {
printf("%llu, ", first); // Print the first term
continue;
}
if (i == 2) {
printf("%llu, ", second); // Print the second term
continue;
}
next = first + second; // Calculate the next term
first = second; // Update first to the second term
second = next; // Update second to the next term
printf("%llu, ", next); // Print the next term
}
printf("\n"); // New line after printing the series
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of terms in the Fibonacci series: 10

Fibonacci Series: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,

 PROGRAM NO. 16 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to check whether the entered number is a prime or not.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main() {
int num, i, isPrime = 1; // Assume the number is prime
// Accept a positive integer from the user
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
// Check if the number is less than 2
if (num < 2) {
printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);
return 0; // Exit the program
}
// Check for factors from 2 to the square root of num
for (i = 2; i * i <= num; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = 0; // Set isPrime to 0 if a factor is found
break; // No need to check further
}
}
// Output the result
if (isPrime) {
printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);
} else {
printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);
}
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter a positive integer: 7
7 is a prime number.
Enter a positive integer: 10
10 is not a prime number.
 PROGRAM NO. 17 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to find the sum of digits of the entered number.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main() {
int num, sum = 0;

// Accept an integer from the user

printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

// Use the absolute value to handle negative numbers

num = (num < 0) ? -num : num;

// Calculate the sum of digits

while (num > 0) {
sum += num % 10; // Add the last digit to sum
num /= 10; // Remove the last digit
}

// Output the result

printf("The sum of the digits is: %d\n", sum);

return 0; // Exit the program successfully

}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter an integer: 12345

The sum of the digits is: 15

Enter an integer: -678

The sum of the digits is: 21

 PROGRAM NO. 18 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to find the reverse of a number. ROLL

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main() {
int num, reversedNum = 0, remainder;
// Accept an integer from the user
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
// Handle negative numbers by storing the sign
int sign = (num < 0) ? -1 : 1;
num = (num < 0) ? -num : num; // Work with the absolute value
// Reverse the digits of the number
while (num != 0) {
remainder = num % 10; // Get the last digit
reversedNum = reversedNum * 10 + remainder; // Append it to the reversed number
num /= 10; // Remove the last digit
}
// Restore the sign if the original number was negative
reversedNum *= sign;
// Output the result
printf("The reverse of the number is: %d\n", reversedNum);
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter an integer: 12345

The reverse of the number is: 54321

Enter an integer: -678

The reverse of the number is: -876

 PROGRAM NO. 19 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to print Armstrong numbers from 1 to 1000.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
int num, originalNum, remainder, result, digits;
printf("Armstrong numbers between 1 and 1000 are:\n");
// Loop through numbers from 1 to 1000
for (num = 1; num <= 1000; num++) {
originalNum = num;
result = 0;
digits = 0;
// Count the number of digits
while (originalNum != 0) {
originalNum /= 10;
digits++;
}
originalNum = num; // Reset originalNum to the current number
// Calculate the sum of the digits raised to the power of 'digits'
while (originalNum != 0) {
remainder = originalNum % 10; // Get the last digit
result += pow(remainder, digits); // Raise to the power of digits and add to result
originalNum /= 10; // Remove the last digit
}
// Check if the sum of the digits raised to the power of 'digits' equals the original number
if (result == num) {
printf("%d ", num); // Print the Armstrong number
}
}

printf("\n"); // New line after printing all Armstrong numbers

return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Armstrong numbers between 1 and 1000 are:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 153 370 371 407

 PROGRAM NO. 20 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to convert the binary numbers into a decimal number and vice versa.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <math.h>

void decimalToBinary(int decimal) {

if (decimal == 0) {
printf("Binary: 0\n");
return;
}
int binary[32]; // Array to store binary digits
int index = 0;
// Convert decimal to binary
while (decimal > 0) {
binary[index] = decimal % 2; // Store remainder (binary digit)
decimal /= 2; // Divide by 2
index++;
}
// Print binary in reverse order
printf("Binary: ");
for (int i = index - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
printf("%d", binary[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
int binaryToDecimal(const char* binary) {
int decimal = 0;
int length = strlen(binary);
// Convert binary string to decimal
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (binary[length - 1 - i] == '1') {
decimal += pow(2, i);
}
}
return decimal;
}
int main() {
int choice, decimal;
char binary[32];
while (1) {
printf("Menu:\n");
printf("1. Convert Decimal to Binary\n");
printf("2. Convert Binary to Decimal\n");
 printf("3. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter a decimal number: ");
scanf("%d", &decimal);
decimalToBinary(decimal);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter a binary number: ");
scanf("%s", binary);
decimal = binaryToDecimal(binary);
printf("Decimal: %d\n", decimal);
break;
case 3:
printf("Exiting...\n");
return 0;

default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please try again.\n");
}
}
}
. .
OUTPUT
Menu:
1. Convert Decimal to Binary
2. Convert Binary to Decimal
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter a decimal number: 10
Binary: 1010

Menu:
1. Convert Decimal to Binary
2. Convert Binary to Decimal
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter a binary number: 1010
Decimal: 10

Menu:
1. Convert Decimal to Binary
2. Convert Binary to Decimal
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Exiting...
 PROGRAM NO: 21 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that simply takes elements of the array from the user and finds the sum of
these elements.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main() {
int n, sum = 0;
// Ask the user for the number of elements
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int array[n]; // Declare an array of size n
// Input elements from the user
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Element %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &array[i]);
sum += array[i]; // Add each element to the sum
}
// Output the sum of the elements
printf("The sum of the elements in the array is: %d\n", sum);
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in the array: 5
Enter 5 elements:
Element 1: 10
Element 2: 20
Element 3: 30
Element 4: 40
Element 5: 50
The sum of the elements in the array is: 150
 PROGRAM NO: 22 DATE: …………………………………..

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that inputs two arrays and saves the sum of corresponding elements of
these arrays in a third array and prints them.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int n;
// Ask the user for the number of elements
printf("Enter the number of elements in the arrays: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int array1[n], array2[n], sumArray[n]; // Declare three arrays
// Input elements for the first array
printf("Enter elements for the first array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Element %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &array1[i]);
}
// Input elements for the second array
printf("Enter elements for the second array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Element %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &array2[i]);
}
// Calculate the sum of corresponding elements
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sumArray[i] = array1[i] + array2[i];
} // Print the resulting sum array
printf("The sum of corresponding elements is:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Sum of Element %d: %d\n", i + 1, sumArray[i]);
}
return 0; // Exit the program successfully
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in the arrays: 3
Enter elements for the first array:
Element 1: 5
Element 2: 10
Element 3: 15
Enter elements for the second array:
Element 1: 2
Element 2: 3
Element 3: 4
The sum of corresponding elements is:
Sum of Element 1: 7
Sum of Element 2: 13
Sum of Element 3: 19

PROGRAM NO. 23 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to find the minimum and maximum elements of the array.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
int min, max;
// Prompt the user to enter the size of the array
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Check if the number of elements is valid
if (n <= 0) {
printf("Array size must be a positive integer.\n");
return 1;
}
int arr[n];
// Prompt the user to enter the elements of the array
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
} // Initialize min and max with the first element of the array
min = arr[0];
max = arr[0];
// Traverse the array to find min and max
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] < min) {
min = arr[i]; }
if (arr[i] > max) {
max = arr[i]; }
}
// Display the results
printf("Minimum element: %d\n", min);
printf("Maximum element: %d\n", max);
return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in the array: 5
Enter 5 elements:
10
20
5
40
15
Minimum element: 5
Maximum element: 40

PROGRAM NO. 24 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to search an element in an array using Linear Search.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, target, found = 0;
// Prompt the user to enter the size of the array
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Check if the number of elements is valid
if (n <= 0) {
printf("Array size must be a positive integer.\n");
return 1;
}
int arr[n];
// Prompt the user to enter the elements of the array
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
// Prompt the user to enter the target element to search for
printf("Enter the element to search for: ");
scanf("%d", &target);
// Perform linear search
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] == target) {
found = 1; // Element found
break; // Exit the loop }
}
// Display the result
if (found) {
printf("Element %d found at index %d.\n", target, i);
} else {
printf("Element %d not found in the array.\n", target);
}
return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in the array: 4
Enter 4 elements:
10
20
30
50
Enter the element to search for: 30
Element 30 found at index 2.

PROGRAM NO. 25 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to sort the elements of the array in ascending order using the Bubble Sort
technique.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {
int i, j, temp;
int swapped;
// Bubble Sort Algorithm
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
swapped = 0; // Initialize swapped flag to check if any swapping occurred

// Last i elements are already sorted, no need to check them

for (j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
// Swap arr[j] and arr[j + 1]
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
swapped = 1; // Set swapped flag to indicate a swap occurred
}
}
// If no two elements were swapped, the array is already sorted
if (swapped == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
int main() {
int n, i;

// Prompt the user to enter the size of the array

printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// Check if the number of elements is valid

if (n <= 0) {
printf("Array size must be a positive integer.\n");
return 1;
}
int arr[n];
 // Prompt the user to enter the elements of the array
printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

// Call the bubble sort function

bubbleSort(arr, n);

// Display the sorted array

printf("Sorted array in ascending order:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in the array: 5
Enter 5 elements:
64
34
25
12
22
Sorted array in ascending order:
12 22 25 34 64
 PROGRAM NO. 26 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to add and multiply two matrices.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 10 // Define maximum size for matrices

void addMatrices(int first[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int second[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int result[MAX_SIZE]

[MAX_SIZE], int row, int col) {
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
result[i][j] = first[i][j] + second[i][j];
}
}
}

void multiplyMatrices(int first[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int second[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int result[MAX_SIZE]

[MAX_SIZE], int row1, int col1, int col2) {
for (int i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col2; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0; // Initialize the result cell
for (int k = 0; k < col1; k++) {
result[i][j] += first[i][k] * second[k][j];
}
}
}
}

void printMatrix(int matrix[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int row, int col) {

for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

int main() {
int first[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], second[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], result[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];
int row1, col1, row2, col2;

// Input for the first matrix

 printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &row1, &col1);

printf("Enter elements of the first matrix:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < row1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col1; j++) {
scanf("%d", &first[i][j]);
}
}

// Input for the second matrix

printf("Enter the number of rows and columns for the second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &row2, &col2);

printf("Enter elements of the second matrix:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < row2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < col2; j++) {
scanf("%d", &second[i][j]);
}
}

// Matrix addition
if (row1 == row2 && col1 == col2) {
addMatrices(first, second, result, row1, col1);
printf("Result of addition:\n");
printMatrix(result, row1, col1);
} else {
printf("Matrices cannot be added due to dimension mismatch.\n");
}

// Matrix multiplication
if (col1 == row2) {
multiplyMatrices(first, second, result, row1, col1, col2);
printf("Result of multiplication:\n");
printMatrix(result, row1, col2);
} else {
printf("Matrices cannot be multiplied due to dimension mismatch.\n");
}

return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of rows and columns for the first matrix: 2 2
Enter elements of the first matrix:
12
34
Enter the number of rows and columns for the second matrix: 2 2
Enter elements of the second matrix:
56
78
Result of addition:
68
10 12
Result of multiplication:
19 22
43 50

PROGRAM NO. 27 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program that finds the sum of diagonal elements of a m*n matrix
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int m, n, sum = 0;

// Input the dimensions of the matrix

printf("Enter the number of rows (m) and columns (n) of the matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);
int matrix[m][n];
// Input the elements of the matrix
printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
// Calculate the sum of diagonal elements
for (int i = 0; i < m && i < n; i++) {
sum += matrix[i][i]; // Add the diagonal element
}
// Output the result
printf("Sum of diagonal elements: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

. .
OUTPUT
Enter the number of rows (m) and columns (n) of the matrix: 3 3
Enter the elements of the matrix:
123
456
789
Sum of diagonal elements: 15
 PROGRAM NO. 28 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to implement strlen (), strcat (), strcpy () using the concept of Functions.
INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
// Function to calculate the length of a string
int my_strlen(const char *str) {
int length = 0;
while (str[length] != '\0') {
length++;
}
return length;
}

// Function to concatenate two strings

void my_strcat(char *dest, const char *src) {
// Move to the end of the destination string
while (*dest != '\0') {
dest++;
}
// Append the source string to the destination
while (*src != '\0') {
*dest = *src;
dest++;
src++;
}
*dest = '\0'; // Null-terminate the concatenated string
}

// Function to copy one string to another

void my_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) {
while (*src != '\0') {
*dest = *src;
dest++;
src++;
}
*dest = '\0'; // Null-terminate the copied string
}

int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];

// Input for the first string

printf("Enter the first string: ");
fgets(str1, sizeof(str1), stdin);
 // Remove the newline character if present
str1[my_strlen(str1) - 1] = '\0';

// Input for the second string

printf("Enter the second string: ");
fgets(str2, sizeof(str2), stdin);
// Remove the newline character if present
str2[my_strlen(str2) - 1] = '\0';

// Calculate and display the length of the first string

int length = my_strlen(str1);
printf("Length of the first string: %d\n", length);

// Concatenate the two strings

my_strcat(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);

// Copy the first string to a new string

char str3[100];
my_strcpy(str3, str1);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", str3);

return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the first string: Hello
Enter the second string: World

Length of the first string: 5

Concatenated string: HelloWorld
Copied string: HelloWorld
 PROGRAM NO. 29 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to find factorial of a number using recursion.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>
// Function to calculate factorial using recursion
int factorial(int n) {
// Base case: factorial of 0 or 1 is 1
if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
return 1;
}
// Recursive case
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
int main() {
int number;
// Input a number from the user
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
// Check if the number is negative
if (number < 0) {
printf("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.\n");
} else {
// Calculate and display the factorial
printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", number, factorial(number));
}
return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter a positive integer: 5
Factorial of 5 is 120
 PROGRAM NO. 30 DATE: …………………………

NAME: SHAKTI SINGH SHEKHAWAT ROLL NO: A7-29

Write a program to swap two elements using the concept of pointers.

INPUT
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to swap two integers using pointers

void swap(int *a, int *b) {
int temp; // Temporary variable for swapping
temp = *a; // Store the value pointed to by a in temp
*a = *b; // Assign the value pointed to by b to the location pointed to by a
*b = temp; // Assign the value stored in temp to the location pointed to by b
}

int main() {
int num1, num2;

// Input two integers from the user

printf("Enter the first number: ");
scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter the second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);

// Display the values before swapping

printf("Before swapping: num1 = %d, num2 = %d\n", num1, num2);

// Call the swap function

swap(&num1, &num2);

// Display the values after swapping

printf("After swapping: num1 = %d, num2 = %d\n", num1, num2);

return 0;
}
. .
OUTPUT
Enter the first number: 10
Enter the second number: 20
Before swapping: num1 = 10, num2 = 20
After swapping: num1 = 20, num2 = 10