6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

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Paper 1
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates

1 Which reaction is reversible?

A reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide with dilute hydrochloric acid

B formation of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate from hydrated copper(II) sulfate
C oxidation of methane to form carbon dioxide and water
D combustion of sulfur to form sulfur dioxide

2 Which statement about hydrated cobalt(II) chloride is correct?

A It turns blue when it is heated.

B It turns blue when water is added to it.
C It turns pink when water is added to it.
D It turns white when it is heated.

3 Solid copper(II) sulfate exists in two different forms, anhydrous and hydrated.

One of these forms is blue and the other is white.

The change between these two forms is reversible.

blue form white form

What is the blue form and how is the change from the blue form to the white form brought about?

change to
blue form
white form

A anhydrous add water

B anhydrous heat
C hydrated add water
D hydrated heat
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 2
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
unless indicated in the question

4 In the Haber process, nitrogen and hydrogen are reacted to make ammonia.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

Which conditions produce the maximum yield of ammonia? (extended only)

pressure temperature

A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low

5 The Ostwald process is used to make nitric acid. (extended only)

The conditions used in this process are:

1 a catalyst containing a transition element

2 a pressure of 10 atm
3 a temperature of 800 °C.

Which of these conditions are also used in the Contact process? (extended only)

A 1 and 2
B 1 only
C 2 and 3
D 3 only
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

6 The reversible reaction shown takes place in a closed system at constant temperature.

P(g) + Q(g) + R(g) S(g) + T(g)

When the reaction has reached equilibrium, more T is added.

After the addition of T, which other substances increase in concentration? (extended only)

A P, Q, R and S
B P and Q only
C P, Q and R only
D S only

7 Sulfuric acid is produced by the Contact process.

Which row shows the typical conditions used in the process? (extended only)

pressure temperature
catalyst
/ kPa / C

A iron 200 300

B iron 20 000 450
C vanadium(V) oxide 200 450
D vanadium(V) oxide 20 000 300

8 Methanol is prepared by the reversible reaction shown.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

Which conditions produce the highest equilibrium yield of methanol? (extended only)

temperature pressure
A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

9 The reaction used to manufacture ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is reversible.
An equilibrium is established between ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen.

Which statement describes the equilibrium? (extended only)

A Both the forward reaction and the backward reaction have the same rate.
B The rate of the backward reaction is greater than the rate of the forward reaction.
C The rate of the forward reaction is greater than the rate of the backward reaction.
D The forward and backward reactions have both stopped.

10 Ammonia is produced using the Haber process.

Which row shows the source of the raw materials and the reaction conditions? (extended only)

source of source of temperature pressure

nitrogen hydrogen / C / atm

A air hydrocarbons 200 200

B hydrocarbons air 450 2
C air hydrocarbons 450 200
D air hydrocarbons 450 2

11 How many species are acting as bases in this reversible reaction?

HNO3 + H2O H3O+ + NO3–

A 3 B 2 C 1 D 0
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

12 The equation for a reaction occurring in the Contact process is shown.

2SO2 + O2  2SO3

What is the catalyst used in this reaction? (extended only)

A iron

B phosphoric(V) acid
C sulfuric acid

D vanadium(V) oxide

13 The equation for the manufacture of ammonia in the Haber process is shown.
3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

Which row describes the effect of the stated change on the reaction rate and the yield of
ammonia? (extended only)

change effect on reaction rate effect on yield of ammonia

A decrease pressure increases decreases

B decrease temperature decreases increases
C increase pressure increases decreases
D increase temperature increases increases
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

14 The flow chart shows part of the process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid and its electrolysis.

electrolysis

gas 2

concentrated dilute
gas 3
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid

gas 1

What are gases 1, 2 and 3? (extended only)

gas 1 gas 2 gas 3

A sulfur dioxide hydrogen sulfur trioxide

B sulfur dioxide oxygen sulfur trioxide
C sulfur trioxide hydrogen sulfur dioxide
D sulfur trioxide oxygen sulfur dioxide

15 Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, is converted into nitrogen dioxide, NO2, in a reversible reaction.

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

The forward reaction is endothermic.

Which conditions give the highest equilibrium yield of nitrogen dioxide? (extended only)

pressure
temperature
/ atmospheres

A 2 high
B 2 low
C 50 high
D 50 low
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

16 Which row explains why a high temperature and an iron catalyst are used in the manufacture of
ammonia by the Haber process? (extended only)

high temperature iron catalyst

A increases the rate of the reaction increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia
B increases the rate of the reaction increases the rate of the reaction
C increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia
D increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia increases the rate of the reaction

17 The scheme shows four stages in the conversion of sulfur to sulfuric acid.

In which stage is a catalyst used? (extended only)

stage A sulfur stage B sulfur

sulfur
air dioxide air trioxide

concentrated
stage C
sulfuric acid

concentrated stage D
oleum
sulfuric acid water