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5.1 Unit 5.1

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49 views3 pages

5.1 Unit 5.1

Uploaded by

nanpra132
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit- V Fractional Horse Power Motors (FHP)

5.1 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): The Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Motor (PMSM) is an AC synchronous motor which has a cage rotor having rare-earth
permanent magnets instead of a wound field. It is brushless and has very high reliability and
efficiency. Due to its permanent magnet rotor, it also has a high torque with a small frame size.
Since no d.c. supply is needed for exciting the rotor, it can be made more robust and reliable.
A typical 2-pole and 4-pole surface-mounted versions of the rotor are shown in
following Fig.
These motors have outputs ranging from about 100 W up to 100 kW. The maximum
synchronous torque is designed to be around 150 percent of the rated torque. If loaded beyond
this point, the motor loses synchronism and will run either as an induction motor or stall.
1) Stator Construction:
The stator consists of an outer frame and a core with windings. The most common
design comes with two-phase winding (1-ph motor) and three phase winding (3-ph motor).
Depending on the stator design, a permanent magnet synchronous motor can be:
• PMSM with distributed winding
• PMSM with concentrated winding.
2) Rotor Construction:
The rotor consists of permanent magnets. Materials with high coercive force are used as
permanent magnets.
According to the rotor design, synchronous motors are divided into:
• PMSM with salient pole rotor
• PMSM with non-salient pole rotor

Working Principle: When the stator winding is energized by giving the 3-phase supply, a
rotating magnetic field is created in between the air gaps. This produces the torque when the
rotor field poles hold the rotating magnetic field at synchronous speed and the rotor rotates
continuously. As these motors are not self-starting, it is necessary to provide a variable
frequency power supply.

Torque speed characteristic of PMSM:

Advantages:
1) Since there are no brushes or slip- rings, there is no sparking. Also, brush
maintenance is eliminated.
2) Such motors can pull into synchronism with inertia loads of many times their rotor
inertia.
3) Dynamic performance in both high and low-speed operation
4) High power density
5) High and smooth torque
6) High efficiency at high speeds
7) Less noisy
Disadvantages:
1) High initial cost
2) Very expensive
3) It is not a self-starting motor

Applications:
These motors are used where precise speed must be maintained to ensure a consistent
product. With a constant load, the motor maintains a constant speed. Hence, these motors are
used for
1) Synthetic-fibre drawing
2) Direct-drive washing machines
3) Automotive electrical power steering
4) Control of traction
5) Data storage units
6) Servo drives

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