OBJECTIVE

This project aims to develop a cattle detection system using IR sensors and a NodeMCU
board to help farmers monitor the movement of their cattle and prevent them from
wandering outside the designated area. The system consists of three IR sensors placed at
the entrances to a field, which detect when a cattle enters the field. The sensor data is sent
to a NodeMCU board, which is programmed to generate alerts over the internet using a
Blynk server. Additionally, a buzzer is used to generate sound alerts for people in the
vicinity of the field.
 INTRODUCTION

Cattle farming is an essential component of the agricultural industry, providing food and
resources for millions of people worldwide. However, one of the challenges that farmers
face is the difficulty in monitoring their cattle and preventing them from wandering
outside the designated area. Traditional methods of monitoring cattle can be time-
consuming, labour-intensive, and unreliable. Therefore, there is a need for innovative
solutions to improve the efficiency and productivity of cattle farming.
 METHODOLOGY
An IoT-based livestock detection system for agricultural typically consists of many main
components: sensors, data processing, communication networks, and a user interface.
First, the cattle are fitted with various sensors such as GPS, RFID tags, accelerometers,
and temperature sensors, which collect real-time data on their position, movement, and
vital signs. These sensors send data wirelessly to a central processing unit via
communication technologies such as LoRaWAN, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks. The data is
then processed and analysed with machine learning algorithms to identify patterns,
abnormalities, and behaviours that indicate health problems or strange motions. The
processed data is kept in a cloud-based platform, where farmers can access it via a user-
friendly interface, such as a mobile app or web dashboard. This interface offers real-time
notifications and reports.
 .HOW WE IMPLEMENTED
The components required for implementing this project:

1. Three IR sensors

2. Node MCU board

3. LED Lights

4. Jumper wires

5. Buzzer

6. 5V power supply

7. USB cable

The power supply can be a standard 5V USB power supply with a micro-USB cable to
power the NodeMCU board. We can also use a battery pack or any other 5V power supply
with a micro-USB cable.

Choosing the right IR sensors that are compatible with the NodeMCU board, and a buzzer
with a suitable voltage and current rating for this project.

Also, appropriate jumper wires are required for the prototype to connect the components to
the NodeMCU board and power supply.
Node MCU ESP8266

This microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock
frequency. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and
programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep
Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects.

IR Sensor

An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that
is called a passive IR sensor.
Red LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing
energy in the form of photons.

Jumper Wire
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to
another because electricity needs a medium through which it can move. Most of
the connecting wires are made up of copper or aluminium. The Function of Connecting
Wires.

Power Supply
A power supply is a device that supplies power to another device, at a specific voltage
level, voltage type and current level.
 IMPLEMENTATION
Choosing hardware: We will need three IR sensors, a NodeMCU board, and a buzzer. We
may also need some wires, a breadboard, and a power source (such as a battery or a USB
cable).

Connecting the IR sensors: Connect the IR sensors to the NodeMCU board. We will need
to connect the power and ground pins, as well as the signal pins. we can use a breadboard
to make the connections.

Writing the code: Use the Arduino IDE to write the code for our project. we will need to
program the NodeMCU board to read the data from the IR sensors and send it to the Blynk
server. we will also need to program the buzzer to generate a sound alert when a cattle
enters the field.

Set up the Blynk server: Create an account on the Blynk server and create a new project.
Use the Blynk app to connect our NodeMCU board to the project. we will need to get the
authentication token from the project and include it in our code.

Test the system: Once we have written the code and set up the Blynk server, test the
system to make sure it is working correctly. Place the IR sensors at the entrances to the
field and test the buzzer and the Blynk alerts.

Install the system: Once we are satisfied that the system is working correctly, install it at
the entrances to the field. Make sure the NodeMCU board is connected to a power source
and the buzzer is loud enough to be heard from a distance.

Monitor the system: Monitor the system to make sure it continues to work correctly over
time. Check the Blynk app regularly for alerts and make sure the buzzer is still generating
a sound alert when a cattle enters the field.
Circuit Diagram
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the project to develop a cattle detection system using IR sensors, a

NodeMCU, and a buzzer can be an effective solution for improving cattle management
and reducing the risk of cattle loss on a farm. The system provides real-time monitoring of
cattle movements and can automate the monitoring process, freeing up farmers to focus on
other tasks. By alerting farmers when cattle enter or leave the field, the system can help
reduce the risk of loss or theft and improve overall herd health. Additionally, the use of
wireless sensors and machine learning can help reduce the overall cost of monitoring and
management. Overall, this project has the potential to provide significant benefits to
farmers and improve the overall efficiency and productivity of a cattle farm.
 REFERENCES

[1]. "Cattle Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks" by Hao Li et al.

[2]. "Real-time Monitoring of Cattle Grazing Behavior using Machine Learning" by

Emily K. Miller et al.

[3]. "A Cattle Monitoring System Based on Multi-sensor Fusion and Wireless Sensor
Networks." by Huiming Sun et al.

[4]. "Cattle Detection and Tracking Using Machine Learning and Computer Vision
Techniques" by Sreeraj M et al.

[5]. "Cattle Health Monitoring Using Machine Learning and Wireless Sensor Networks"
by Mohammad Mehedi Hassan et al.

[6]. "Cattle Behavior Recognition Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning" by
Shyam S. Pandey et al.

[7]. "A Cattle Location and Behavior Monitoring System Based on GPS and Wireless
Sensor Networks" by Guangwei Wang et al.

[8]. "Cattle Monitoring System Based on RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks" by Hong
Yang et al.