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Structural Analysis

Analysis of Subframe for Column

Moment – Worked example
May 12, 2024 Amuletola Rasheed Structural Analysis 3 min read

Table of Contents
■ Steps in evaluating moment in column BD
■ Step 1: Draw the ideal Subframe.
■ Step 2: Compute the ultimate loads acting on the beams.
■ Step 3: Assume every support in the beam is fixed and calculate the fixed end moment of the beams.
■ Step 4: Determine the stiffness of each member
■ Step 4: Determine the distribution factor
 ■ Step 5: Enter the values of the fixed end moment and distribution factor in a table and initiate subsequent
iterations

FirsttoPrinciple
In this article, we shall analyze a subframe generateEngineering
column moments using moment distribution
methodmoment distribution…amethod.
repository for figure
The civil & structural engineering
below shows knowledge
the elevation view of a frame structure. A
subframe extracted from this whole frame shall be analysed to obtain the moment in column BD.

Steps in evaluating moment in column BD

Step 1: Draw the ideal Subframe.

The first step to analyzing column BD is to draw out the most suitable subframe that requires the least
computation to determine the column moment. This subframe is that which will include the whole beam
span connected to column BD and the adjoining upper column as shown below.
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…a repository for civil & structural engineering knowledge

Since we have clearly extracted the subframe, let us write out the member dimensions.

Members dimensions

Column BD: Length = 5m, Cross Section = 250 x 250 mm

Column BE: Length = 3.5m, Cross Section = 250 x 250 mm

Beam AB: Length = 6m, Cross Section = 225 x 500mm

Beam BC: Length = 3.5m, Cross Section = 225 x 500mm

Step 2: Compute the ultimate loads acting on the beams.

In order obtain the maximum possible moment on column BD, the maximum ultimate load and the
minimum ultimate load shall me made to act on beam AB and BC respectively. This will create the most
unfavorable moment possible in column BD.

Characteristic permanent load on beam (gk) = 100KN/m

Characteristic variable load on beam (qk) = 40KN/m

Maximum ultimate Load acting on beam = 1.35(40) + 1.5(100) = 195KN/m

Minimum ultimate Load acting on Slab = 1.35(100) = 135KN/m

The load is applied on the subframe as shown in the diagram below.

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Step 3: Assume every support in the beam is fixed and

calculate the fixed end moment of the beams.

Thus:

w ∗ L ² −195 ∗ 6 ²
MAB
= −
12
= 12
= -585KNm

w ∗ L ² 195 ∗ 6 ²
MBA =
12
= 12
= 585KNm

w ∗ L ² −135 ∗ 3.5 ²
MBC = −
12
= 12
= -137.8

w ∗ L ² 135 ∗ 3.5 ²
MCB =
12
= 12
= 137.8

Step 4: Determine the stiffness of each member

The Stiffness of each member is determined. The columns and the beams have the same cross-section
respectively, hence the second moment area of all the columns are the same, and that of all the beams
are also equal.

For the columns: I = bh³/12 = (0.25 x 0.25³)/ 12 = 0.002

For the beams: I = bh³/12 = (0.25 x 0.5³)/12 = 0.005

The stiffness of each member is 4EI/L. However, the stiffness of the connecting beams is halved as it is
assumed that considering the far ends of those beams as fixed in the subframe will lead to exaggeration
of their stiffnesses.
KAB = 1/2 * 4EI/L = (0.5 x 4 x 0.005 x E )/6 = 0.0008E

KBC = 1/2 * 4EI/L = (0.5 x 4 x 0.002 x E )/3.5 = 0.0013E

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KBD = 4EI/L = (4 x 0.0003 x E )/5 = 0.0003E
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KBE = 4EI/L = (4 x 0.0003 x E )/3.5 = 0.0004E

Step 4: Determine the distribution factor

KAB 0.0008E
DFAB = = = 0.284
KAB + KBC + KBD +KBE 0.0008E + 0.0013E + 0.0003E +0.0004E

KBC 0.0013E
DFBC = = = 0.486
KAB + KBC + KBD +KBE 0.0008E + 0.0013E + 0.0003E +0.0004E

KBD 0.0003E
DFBD = = = 0.095
KAB + KBC + KBD +KBE 0.0008E + 0.0013E + 0.0003E +0.0004E

KBE 0.0004E
DFBE = = = 0.135
KAB + KBC + KBD +KBE 0.0008E + 0.0013E + 0.0003E +0.0004E

In order to make our iteration concise and tidy when making the moment distribution operations, it is a
good practice to group columns meeting at a joint together. To implement this, we add together the
distribution factors of the two columns meeting at a joint so that the columns can be treated as a single
member.

DFBD + DFBE = 0.095 + 0.135 = 0.23

Step 5: Enter the values of the fixed end moment and

distribution factor in a table and initiate subsequent
iterations
The values of fixed end moment and Distribution factors are entered in a table as shown below. The out
of Balance Moment (OBM) is then calculated, then also is the carry-over moment like that of any other
moment-distribution operation. If the operations are diligently carried out, the result should be as that as
shown below:
 The moment of column BD can be gotten by multiplying the overall moment of the two columns
meeting at that particular joint by the distribution factorEngineering
First Principle of column BD. This is carried out below:
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KBD 0.0003
MBD = 102.732,X = 102.732,X = 42.302KN m
KBD + KBE 0.0003+ 0.0004

Amuletola Rasheed

Author: Amuletola Rasheed

You can reach Amuletola Rasheed via [email protected]

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