Band 9 Guide: IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay

Types and Structures + Sample Essays

In the IELTS Writing Task 2, you are required to craft a compelling essay on a given topic. The
approach and structure will largely depend on the question type presented. This guide offers a
detailed look into the various question types, their structures, and strategies to tackle them
effectively.

Here are the essay types that we will cover:

1. Opinion Questions (Agree or Disagree)

2. Advantages and Disadvantages Questions
3. Discussion (Discuss Both Views) Questions
4. Problem and Solution Questions
5. Two-Part Questions
6. Mixed Type (Advantages and Disadvantages + Opinion)
7. Double Question
8. Evaluation
9. Causes (Reasons) and Effects

At the end, we will provide you with some supplementary tips that you can use to improve your
writing band score in the IELTS exam.
1. Opinion Questions (Agree or Disagree)
This question type asks you to express your viewpoints on a given topic or statement.

Question Example:
Is digital technology in schools beneficial for students learning?

Essay Structure:
 Introduction: Paraphrase the Question and state your opinion, outlining the main ideas.
 Main Body Paragraph 1: Begin with a topic sentence, explain this topic sentence, and
provide an example.
 Main Body Paragraph 2: Follow the same format as the previous paragraph.
 Conclusion: Recap the main points and reiterate your opinion.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: Digital technology has become an integral part of modern education, transforming
the way students learn and interact with the world. In this essay, I will outline why I believe that
incorporating digital technology in schools is highly beneficial for students learning.

Main Body Paragraph 1: First and foremost, digital technology enhances engagement and active
participation in the learning process. Interactive learning platforms, virtual simulations, and
multimedia resources make lessons more captivating and encourage students to explore concepts in
depth. For instance, online platforms like Khan Academy offer interactive math lessons that adapt
to individual learning paces, ensuring a personalized and effective learning experience. This level of
engagement fosters a deeper understanding of subjects.

Main Body Paragraph 2: Furthermore, digital technology equips students with practical skills
relevant to the digital age. In today’s interconnected world, proficiency in using digital tools and
navigating online resources is essential for success. Integrating technology into education not only
prepares students for the future job market but also empowers them to be critical thinkers and
problem solvers. For instance, coding workshops in schools enable students to develop
computational thinking, a skill applicable in a wide range of disciplines.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the integration of digital technology into schools brings numerous
advantages to students’ learning experiences. It enhances engagement, promotes practical skills, and
cultivates a mindset of adaptability and innovation. While some may argue that excessive screen
time can be detrimental, judicious use of technology can mitigate these concerns. By embracing
digital technology, schools can provide a holistic and dynamic education that prepares students for
the challenges of the modern world.

Advanced Tips:
 Be clear in your stance and acknowledge counterarguments if necessary.
 Employ persuasive tools like strong adjectives, rhetorical questions, and emphatic
structures to bolster your arguments.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages Questions
You need to evaluate both the benefits and drawbacks of a particular topic or situation.

Question Example:
What are the pros and cons of remote work for professionals?

Essay Structure:
 Introduction: Paraphrase the Question and outline the main points.
 Main Body Paragraph 1: Discuss two advantages, expand on each, and provide an
example.
 Main Body Paragraph 2: Detail two disadvantages, delve deeper into each, and give an
example.
 Conclusion: Summarize the main pros and cons discussed.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: The advent of technology has revolutionized the way professionals work, giving rise
to the concept of remote work. In this essay, I will discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of
remote work for professionals.

Main Body Paragraph 1: Remote work offers several compelling advantages for professionals.
Firstly, it provides a flexible work environment that allows individuals to balance their personal and
professional lives effectively. This flexibility can lead to increased job satisfaction and improved
overall well-being. Moreover, remote work eliminates the need for daily commutes, saving valuable
time and reducing stress. According to a study conducted by Global Workplace Analytics, remote
workers report higher levels of productivity due to reduced distractions commonly found in
traditional office settings.

Main Body Paragraph 2: However, remote work also presents certain challenges. One notable
disadvantage is the potential for isolation and reduced collaboration. In a traditional office
environment, spontaneous interactions and face-to-face discussions foster creativity and teamwork.
Remote work can lead to feelings of loneliness and hinder effective communication, which is
crucial for innovative solutions to complex problems. Additionally, remote work requires a high
level of self-discipline, as the absence of direct supervision may lead to procrastination and
decreased accountability.

Conclusion: In conclusion, remote work offers professionals a range of benefits such as flexibility
and time savings. However, it is not without its drawbacks, including potential isolation and
reduced collaboration. To maximize the advantages of remote work while mitigating its
disadvantages, professionals must cultivate effective communication skills, establish a dedicated
workspace, and maintain a disciplined work routine. Ultimately, the success of remote work hinges
on the ability to strike a balance between the convenience it offers and the challenges it poses.

Advanced Tips:

 Use transitional phrases to ensure smooth transitions between points.

  Avoid mere antonyms when presenting pros and cons.

3. Discussion (Discuss Both Views) Questions

These questions require you to explore multiple perspectives on a topic.

Question Example:
Should governments prioritize economic growth over environmental conservation?

Essay Structure:
 Introduction: Paraphrase the Question and provide a thesis statement.
 Main Body Paragraph 1: Detail one viewpoint, give reasons for/against it and provide
an example.
 Main Body Paragraph 2: State the opposing viewpoint, discuss it, and again offer an
example.
 Conclusion: Sum up the discussion and state your preferred perspective.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: The delicate balance between economic growth and environmental conservation has
become a critical concern in contemporary societies. In this essay, I will delve into both
perspectives on whether governments should prioritize economic growth or environmental
conservation.

Main Body Paragraph 1: From an economic standpoint, prioritizing growth can lead to numerous
benefits. Economic expansion creates job opportunities, boosts national income, and improves
living standards for citizens. For instance, countries like China and India have experienced
significant economic growth that has lifted millions out of poverty. This growth can fund essential
services such as healthcare and education, contributing to overall societal development.

Main Body Paragraph 2: On the other hand, environmental conservation holds paramount
importance for the future well-being of our planet. Ecological degradation and resource depletion
have dire consequences for ecosystems and humanity alike. Focusing on environmental
conservation ensures the preservation of biodiversity, clean air, and freshwater sources. For
instance, countries like Sweden have successfully implemented green policies, resulting in cleaner
air and sustainable use of natural resources.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the debate over whether governments should prioritize economic
growth or environmental conservation is complex and multifaceted. While economic growth brings
prosperity and improved living standards, neglecting environmental concerns could lead to
irreversible damage to our planet. Striking a balance between these two perspectives is crucial.
Governments can implement policies that promote sustainable economic growth while also ensuring
responsible resource management and environmental protection. Only through careful consideration
and informed decision-making can societies navigate the intricate interplay between economic
progress and environmental stewardship.

Advanced Tips:
  Ensure you give equal weight to both viewpoints.
 Your conclusion should reflect a balanced understanding of the topic.

4. Problem and Solution Questions

This question type asks you to identify problems related to a situation and suggest solutions.

Question Example:
What challenges does urbanization present and how can cities adapt?

Essay Structure:

 Introduction: Paraphrase the Question and outline the main ideas.

 Main Body Paragraph 1: Identify the problems, discuss them, and offer examples.
 Main Body Paragraph 2: Suggest possible solutions, discuss their feasibility, and
provide examples.
 Conclusion: Recap the highlighted problems and proposed solutions.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: The rapid pace of urbanization has transformed the world’s landscape, bringing with
it a host of challenges that demand urgent attention. In this essay, I will explore the problems posed
by urbanization and propose viable solutions to address these challenges.

Main Body Paragraph 1: Urbanization has given rise to a range of pressing issues. One significant
challenge is the strain on urban infrastructure, including transportation and housing. As rural
populations migrate to cities, the demand for housing outpaces supply, leading to slums and
inadequate living conditions. Additionally, traffic congestion and limited public transport options
undermine efficient mobility. Pollution is another critical concern as increased industrial activity
and vehicular emissions degrade air quality, endangering residents’ health.

Main Body Paragraph 2: To counter these challenges, cities can adopt proactive measures. Firstly,
urban planning should prioritize affordable housing initiatives and sustainable infrastructure
development. By building smart cities that utilize technology to manage resources efficiently,
governments can alleviate congestion and enhance the quality of life. Moreover, investing in
efficient public transportation systems, such as metro networks and buses, can reduce traffic
congestion and pollution. For instance, the Bus Rapid Transit system in Curitiba, Brazil, has
improved transportation efficiency and reduced congestion.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the challenges posed by urbanization require multifaceted solutions that
span urban planning, infrastructure development, and sustainable policies. By addressing housing
shortages, improving transportation, and promoting environmentally conscious practices, cities can
harness the potential of urbanization while mitigating its negative consequences. This approach will
not only enhance the quality of life for urban residents but also contribute to the overall well-being
of society in the face of an increasingly urbanized world.

Advanced Tips:
  Be specific in identifying problems and avoid vagueness.
 Solutions should be practical and actionable.

5. Two-Part Questions
You are presented with a statement followed by two distinct queries that must be addressed.

Question Example:
How has digital technology impacted workplaces and what future advancements can be anticipated?

Essay Structure:
 Introduction: Paraphrase the statement and outline both questions.
 Main Body Paragraph 1: Address the first question with explanations and examples.
 Main Body Paragraph 2: Respond to the second question, again with explanations and
examples.
 Conclusion: Summarize the responses to both questions.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: The integration of digital technology into workplaces has reshaped the dynamics of
modern work environments, bringing forth both immediate changes and future possibilities. In this
essay, I will delve into the ways digital technology has already transformed workplaces and discuss
potential advancements that can be anticipated.

Main Body Paragraph 1: The impact of digital technology on workplaces has been profound.
Firstly, it has streamlined communication and collaboration, allowing teams to collaborate across
geographical boundaries in real-time. Tools like video conferencing and cloud-based document
sharing have revolutionized how projects are managed. Moreover, automation powered by artificial
intelligence (AI) has improved efficiency by handling routine tasks, freeing up employees to focus
on more complex, creative endeavors. This has been particularly evident in industries like
manufacturing, where robots have taken over repetitive and dangerous tasks.

Main Body Paragraph 2: Looking ahead, digital technology is poised to bring even more
transformative changes. The rise of remote work is likely to continue, with augmented reality (AR)
and virtual reality (VR) technologies offering immersive virtual workspaces that replicate physical
office environments. Furthermore, AI-driven analytics will enable data-driven decision-making,
enhancing business strategies and customer interactions. The concept of a “smart office” will likely
emerge, with interconnected devices and IoT (Internet of Things) technology optimizing resource
utilization and energy efficiency.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the impact of digital technology on workplaces has been substantial,
revolutionizing communication, automating tasks, and increasing efficiency. As we move forward,
advancements such as AR, VR, AI, and IoT hold the promise of further reshaping work
environments. To stay competitive, companies must embrace these innovations while also
addressing potential challenges like data security and workforce adaptation. By doing so, they can
position themselves to thrive in the rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Advanced Tips:

 Maintain a clear division between your answers to both questions.

 Use predictive techniques when addressing future-related queries.

6. Mixed Type (Advantages and Disadvantages + Opinion)

Here, you should discuss the pros and cons of a topic, followed by expressing a personal opinion.

Question Example:
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping and give your own opinion.

Essay Structure:
 Introduction: Introduce the topic.
 Advantages: 1-2 paragraphs detailing the benefits.
 Disadvantages: 1-2 paragraphs detailing the drawbacks.
 Opinion: State your viewpoint and provide supporting reasons.
 Conclusion: Summarize the main points.

Introduction: The proliferation of online shopping has transformed the way consumers engage in
commerce, offering convenience and accessibility like never before. This essay will explore the
benefits and drawbacks of online shopping, followed by my personal opinion on its overall impact.

Advantages: Online shopping presents several advantages. Firstly, it offers unparalleled

convenience, allowing customers to browse and purchase products from the comfort of their homes.
This eliminates the need to travel to physical stores, saving time and energy. Moreover, the variety
of options available online ensures a wider selection of products, often at competitive prices. Online
platforms also offer detailed product information, reviews, and comparison tools, empowering
consumers to make informed decisions.

Disadvantages: However, online shopping is not without its disadvantages. One major concern is
the inability to physically inspect products before purchase. This can lead to dissatisfaction if the
received item doesn’t match expectations. Additionally, online transactions may pose risks to
personal data security and privacy. Cases of identity theft and online scams are not uncommon,
raising concerns about the safety of online purchases. Furthermore, the lack of face-to-face
interaction eliminates the personal touch of traditional shopping experiences.

Opinion: In my opinion, the advantages of online shopping outweigh its drawbacks. The
convenience, vast selection, and competitive prices make it a viable option for today’s busy
consumers. The potential risks associated with online transactions can be mitigated by adopting
secure payment methods and practicing caution when sharing personal information. As technology
continues to advance, addressing security concerns will likely become more effective.

Conclusion: In conclusion, online shopping offers undeniable benefits in terms of convenience,

variety, and accessibility. While challenges such as product inspection and security issues persist,
they can be managed with prudent shopping practices. Embracing online shopping while remaining
vigilant about its potential pitfalls can lead to a rewarding and efficient shopping experience.
Advanced Tips:
 Balance your essay by giving equal importance to advantages, disadvantages, and your
opinion.
 Use rhetorical questions to highlight the significance of your viewpoint.

7. Double Question
Two distinct questions are presented that must be answered within the essay.

Question Example:
Why do people attend colleges or universities? What are the benefits of higher education?

Essay Structure:

 Introduction: Introduce the topic.

 Answer to Question 1: Provide reasons and examples.
 Answer to Question 2: Offer explanations and illustrations.
 Conclusion: Recap the main points made.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: The decision to pursue higher education is driven by a multitude of factors, each
intertwined with the potential benefits that education beyond high school can offer. This essay will
delve into the reasons individuals choose to attend colleges or universities and the advantages that
higher education brings.

Answer to Question 1: People seek higher education for various reasons. Firstly, acquiring
specialized knowledge and skills is a primary motivation. Colleges and universities offer structured
curricula that equip students with expertise in their chosen fields. Furthermore, higher education
provides opportunities for personal growth and self-discovery. The university environment
encourages critical thinking, independent research, and exposure to diverse perspectives, fostering
well-rounded individuals who are prepared for the challenges of the modern world.

Answer to Question 2: The benefits of higher education are manifold. Firstly, it significantly
enhances career prospects. Graduates with degrees are often more competitive in the job market,
commanding higher salaries and better employment opportunities. Additionally, higher education
fosters networking and social connections that can open doors to professional opportunities.
Moreover, education beyond high school cultivates critical thinking and problem-solving skills,
which are invaluable assets in various aspects of life. For instance, an educated citizenry contributes
to informed decision-making in society and drives innovation.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the decision to attend colleges or universities is driven by a desire for
specialized knowledge, personal growth, and expanded opportunities. The benefits of higher
education are far-reaching, including improved career prospects, enhanced critical thinking abilities,
and societal contributions. As higher education continues to evolve and adapt to changing demands,
its role in shaping individuals and society remains indispensable.
Advanced Tips:

 Use connectors like “Firstly” and “Secondly” to distinguish between the two answers.
 Provide real-life examples to make your answers more credible.

8. Evaluation
You should assess the significance, relevance, or implications of a topic or statement.

Question Example:
How significant is the role of technology in education today?

Essay Structure:

 Introduction: Introduce the topic.

 Significance/Relevance: Describe why the topic is essential.
 Counterarguments: Discuss opposing viewpoints or potential drawbacks.
 Conclusion: Summarize your evaluation.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: Technology’s pervasive presence in modern education has sparked debates about its
significance and impact on learning. This essay will evaluate the role of technology in education
today, examining its importance and potential drawbacks.

Significance/Relevance: The role of technology in education is undeniably significant. It has

transformed traditional classrooms into dynamic learning environments, offering interactive tools
and resources that engage students. Technology facilitates personalized learning experiences,
catering to diverse learning styles and paces. For instance, adaptive learning platforms tailor content
to individual students’ progress, optimizing comprehension and retention. Moreover, technology
has transcended geographical barriers, enabling distance learning and online courses that make
education accessible to a global audience.

Counterarguments: However, there are counterarguments to the unqualified significance of

technology in education. Overreliance on technology may lead to reduced face-to-face interactions
and diminished social skills. Additionally, some educators argue that technology can be a
distraction, diverting students’ attention from essential learning objectives. Moreover, the digital
divide, where not all students have equal access to technology, can exacerbate educational
inequalities.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the role of technology in education is undoubtedly significant,

enhancing engagement, personalization, and accessibility. However, it’s crucial to acknowledge
potential drawbacks such as social skill erosion and disparities in access. Technology’s
effectiveness in education depends on its thoughtful integration and its alignment with pedagogical
goals. Striking a balance between harnessing technology’s benefits and mitigating its downsides is
essential to maximize its positive impact on modern education.
Advanced Tips:

 Maintain objectivity; avoid extreme positions unless strongly backed by evidence.

 Use qualifiers like “largely”, “often”, or “generally” to avoid making absolute statements.

9. Causes (Reasons) and Effects

This type demands an understanding of the root causes of a situation and its resultant effects.

Question Example:
What are the reasons for increasing obesity rates in children, and what are its consequences?

Essay Structure:

 Introduction: Introduce the topic.

 Causes/Reasons: Elaborate on the underlying factors.
 Effects/Consequences: Detail the outcomes or repercussions.
 Conclusion: Recap the main causes and effects.

Sample Essay:
Introduction: The rising prevalence of childhood obesity has emerged as a critical public health
concern in many societies. This essay will delve into the underlying causes of increasing obesity
rates in children and explore the far-reaching consequences of this alarming trend.

Causes/Reasons: Several factors contribute to the growing obesity rates among children. Firstly,
changes in dietary habits have led to increased consumption of processed foods high in sugars and
unhealthy fats. Busy lifestyles and convenience-driven choices have shifted diets towards calorie-
dense but nutritionally poor options. Sedentary behaviors, fueled by excessive screen time and a
decline in physical activity, also play a pivotal role. Reduced outdoor play and an increasing
reliance on electronic devices have led to a decline in daily physical activity levels. Furthermore,
socioeconomic disparities can impact access to healthy food options and safe play spaces,
exacerbating the issue.

Effects/Consequences: The consequences of childhood obesity are multifaceted and far-reaching.

In the short term, overweight children often face social and psychological challenges, including low
self-esteem and bullying. Moreover, childhood obesity sets the stage for lifelong health problems.
Obese children are at a higher risk of developing chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal issues. The economic burden on healthcare systems is
substantial, as treating obesity-related illnesses places a strain on resources.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the rising prevalence of childhood obesity can be attributed to a

complex interplay of factors, including dietary changes, sedentary lifestyles, and socioeconomic
disparities. The consequences of childhood obesity extend beyond physical health, impacting
mental well-being and straining healthcare systems. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive
approach involving education, policy changes, and community initiatives that promote healthy diets
and active lifestyles from an early age.
Advanced Tips:

 Use cause-effect connectors like “due to”, “because of”, “as a result”, and “hence”.
 Illustrate causes and effects with recent studies or statistical data where possible.