CHAKS SOLUTIONS

Pure Mathematics Exercise 2

6042
BY CHAKUAMBA FORTUNE T (CHAKS)
+263771580933

Answer all questions [55 marks]

1) Given that 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 𝑏 is exactly divisible by 3𝑥 − 2 and leaves a

remainder of 6 when divided by 𝑥
Find the value of 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 [4]

Suggested answer
2
3𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒𝑥=3 𝑥=0
2
∴ 𝑃( ) = 0 ∴ 𝑃(0) = 6
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 3𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

2 3 2 2 2
𝑎( ) − 8( ) − 9( ) + 𝑏 = 0 𝑎(0)3 − 8(0)2 − 9(0) + 𝑏 = 6
3 3 3

8 32
𝑎− −6+𝑏 =0 𝑏=6
27 9

8 86
𝑎− +𝑏 =0 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑏 = 6
27 9

8 86
𝑎− +6=0
27 9

8 32
𝑎=
27 9

𝑎 = 12

PAGE 1 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 Solve the simultaneous equations
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5
2𝑥+2 − 3𝑦+1 = 13 [4]
Suggested answer

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5
2𝑥+2 − 3𝑦+1 = 13

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 ….𝑖 ×3
2𝑥 . 22 − 3𝑦 . 3 = 13 … 𝑖𝑖 ×1

3.2𝑥 + 3𝑦 . 3 = 15 ….𝑖
2𝑥 . 22 − 3𝑦 . 3 = 13 … 𝑖𝑖

Adding equation 𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑖

3.2𝑥 + 2𝑥 . 22 = 28
2𝑥 . (3 + 22 ) = 28

2𝑥 . (7) = 28
2𝑥 = 4 ⇒ 2𝑥 = 22
𝑥=2
Finding the value of 𝑦
22 + 3𝑦 = 5
3𝑦 = 5−22
3𝑦 = 1
𝐼𝑛3𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛1
𝑦=0

2) Show that
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
+
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

can be written in the form 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 where 𝐴 is an integer to be found [4]

Suggested answer

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
+
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) + (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)

=
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

PAGE 2 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 + (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2
=
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

=
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

Applying 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1

1 + 1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

2(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
=
(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

2
= = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

3) The functions 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 are defined for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ by

𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑒 𝑥
𝑔: 𝑥 → 2𝑥 − 3

i) Solve the equation 𝑓𝑔(𝑥 ) = 7 [2]

Suggested answer

𝑓𝑔(𝑥 ) = 7

𝑒 𝑔(𝑥) = 7

𝐼𝑛𝑒 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝐼𝑛7

𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝐼𝑛7 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 3

2𝑥 − 3 = 𝐼𝑛7

1
𝑥 = (𝐼𝑛7 + 3)
2

𝑥 = 2.47 (3 𝑠. 𝑓)

PAGE 3 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 ii) Sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) [3]

Suggested answer

𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑒 𝑥+3
Note : 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) is a translation of the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 along the
𝑥~𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 by −3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑒3

-3 0

Function ℎ is defined as 𝑔𝑓
iii) Express ℎ in terms of 𝑥 and state its range [2]

Suggested answer
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑔𝑓(𝑥)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥) − 3 but 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥

ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 3

𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ℎ(𝑥 ) > −3

iv) Express ℎ−1 in terms of 𝑥 and state its domain [3]

ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 3

𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 3

PAGE 4 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 Interchanging 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦

𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑦 − 3
𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑒 𝑦

𝑥+3
= 𝑒𝑦
2

𝑥+3
𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝐼𝑛𝑒 𝑦
2

𝑥+3
𝐼𝑛 ( )=𝑦
2
−1 ( )
𝑥+3
ℎ 𝑥 = 𝐼𝑛 ( )
2

𝑥+3
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 >0
2
⇒ 𝑥 > −3

4) The population of a colony of insects with restricted food supply is recorded and is
𝑡
modelled by the equation 𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 where 𝑡 days is the time after the start of the
100

observations and 𝑁 is the number of insects in colony.

Find
i) the size of population at the start of the observation period [1]
Suggested answer

At start 𝑡 = 0
𝑡
𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 100
0
𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 100
𝑁 = 80 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠

ii) the size of population after 30 days [2]

Suggested answer

At 𝑡 = 30
𝑡
𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 100
30
𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 100
𝑁 = 90.49576423
𝑁 = 90 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠

PAGE 5 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 iii) how long it would it take for the population to reach 120 insects [3]

Suggested answer

At 𝑁 = 120 𝑡 =?
𝑡
𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 100
𝑡
120 = 50 + 30𝑒 100

𝑡
120 − 50 = 30𝑒 100
𝑡
70 = 30𝑒 100
70 𝑡
= 𝑒 100
30
7 𝑡
𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝐼𝑛𝑒 100
3
7 𝑡
𝐼𝑛 ( ) =
3 100

7
100𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝑡
3

84.472978604 = 𝑡

𝑡 = 85 days

𝑑𝑁
iv) the value of 𝑁 when = 0.5 [4]
𝑑𝑡
Suggested answer

𝑑𝑁 1 𝑡
=( ) 30𝑒 100
𝑑𝑡 100

3 𝑡
0.5 = 𝑒 100
10

10 𝑡
( ) 0.5 = 𝑒 100
3

5 𝑡
𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝐼𝑛𝑒 100
3
5 𝑡
𝐼𝑛 ( ) =
3 100

5
100𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝑡
3

PAGE 6 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 Finding the value of 𝑁
5
100𝐼𝑛( )
3
∴ 𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 100

5
𝐼𝑛( )
𝑁 = 50 + 30𝑒 3
5
𝑁 = 50 + 30 ( )
3
𝑁 = 100 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠

5)

O D C

In the triangle 𝑂𝐵𝐶 , 𝑂𝐵 = 5𝑐𝑚 and 𝐵𝐷 = 6𝑐𝑚 , is the chord of circle with centre 𝑂, and
𝐵𝐶 is the tangent to circle. . 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 𝜃

i) Show that 𝜃 = 1.29 [2]

Suggested answer B

5 6

𝜽
O 5 D

52 + 52 − 62
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
2(5)(5)
7
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
25

−1
7
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
25
𝜃 = 1.287002218

𝜃 = 1.29 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

PAGE 7 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region [3]
Suggested answer
Perimeter= 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐷𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑟𝜃
= 5(1.29)
= 6.45 𝑐𝑚

5
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝐶 ⇒ cos 𝜃 =
𝑂𝐶

7 5
⇒ =
25 𝑂𝐶

5(25) 125
𝑂𝐶 = = 𝑐𝑚
7 7

∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐷
125
= −5
7
90
= 𝑐𝑚
7

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐶 ⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝑂𝐶 2 − 𝑂𝐵2

125 2 120
√
𝐵𝐶 = ( 2
) −5 = 𝑐𝑚
7 7

∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛

90 120
= 6.45 + +
7 7
= 36.45𝑐𝑚

iii) Find the area of the shaded region [3]

Area of the shaded region = Area of triangle 𝑂𝐵𝐶 − Area of sector 𝑂𝐵𝐷

1 1
= (𝑂𝐵 × 𝑂𝐶 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑟 2 𝜃
2 2

𝑟=5 𝜃 = 1.29

1 125 1
= (5 × ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛1.29 − (5)2 (1.29)
2 7 2
= 26.8 (3 𝑠. 𝑓)

PAGE 8 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 1−𝑥 1 −2
6) Given matrix 𝐴 = ( −1 2−𝑥 1 )
0 1 −1 − 𝑥

i) Find values of 𝑥 such that A is a singular matrix [6]

Suggested answer

Singular matrix ⇒ determinant = 0

+ − +
1−𝑥 1 −2
| −1 2−𝑥 1 |
0 1 −1 − 𝑥

2−𝑥 1 −1 1 −1 2 − 𝑥
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = (1 − 𝑥 ) | |−1| |− 2| |=0
1 −1 − 𝑥 0 −1 − 𝑥 0 1

(1 − 𝑥 )[(2 − 𝑥 )(−1 − 𝑥 ) − 1] − 1[(−1)(−1 − 𝑥 )] − 2[(−1)(1) − 0(2 − 𝑥 )] = 0

(1 − 𝑥 )[(2 − 𝑥 )(−1)(1 + 𝑥 ) − 1] − 1[1 + 𝑥 ] − 2[(−1)] = 0

(−1)(1 − 𝑥 2 )(2 − 𝑥 ) − 1 + 𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥 + 2 = 0

(−1)(1 − 𝑥 2 )(2 − 𝑥 ) = 0

(1 − 𝑥 2 )(2 − 𝑥 ) = 0

(1 − 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑥 )(2 − 𝑥 ) = 0

∴ 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 − 1 𝑜𝑟 2

ii) In case where 𝑥 = 3, find 𝐴−1 [5]

Suggested answer

1−3 1 −2
𝐴 = ( −1 2−3 1 )
0 1 −1 − 3

−2 1 −2
𝐴 = (−1 −1 1)
0 1 −4

Transpose of A

−2 −1 0
𝐴𝑇 = ( 1 −1 1)
−2 1 −4

PAGE 9 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 Matrix of minors of 𝐴𝑇

−1 1 1 1 1 −1
| | | | | |
1 −4 −2 −4 −2 1
−1 0 −2 0 −2 −1
| | | | | |
1 −4 −2 −4 −2 1
−1 0 −2 0 −2 −1
|
( −1 1 | | | | |
1 1 1 −1 )
3 −2 −1
=( 4 8 −4 )
−1 −2 3

Adjoint of A is given by multiplying Minors of 𝐴𝑇 , each element with corresponding sign

using pattern below

+ − +
(− + −)
+ − +

3 2 −1
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 = (−4 8 4)
−1 2 3

𝐴 × 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 of 𝐴 = 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) × 𝐼
−2 1 −2 3 2 −1 −8 0 0
(−1 −1 1 ) (−4 8 4)=( 0 −8 0)
0 1 −4 −1 2 3 0 0 −8

1 0 0
= −8 (0 1 0)
0 0 1
∴ 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = −8

1
𝐴−1 = × 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴)

−1
1 3 2 −1
𝐴 = (−4 8 4)
−8
−1 2 3

PAGE 10 CHAKS SOLUTIONS +263771580933 [email protected]

 7) Express 2√3 − 2𝑖 in polar form [2]
Suggested answer

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑧 = 2√3 − 2𝑖
2
|𝑧| = √(2√3) + 22
= √16
=4

−1
2 𝜋
∝= tan ( )=
2√3 6

𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝜃 = −
6

𝜋 𝜋
2√3 − 2𝑖 = 4 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− ))
6 6

Hence find the fourth roots of 2√3 − 2𝑖 leaving yours answers in form 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)[5]
Suggested answer
𝜋 𝜋
𝑧 4 = 4 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− ))
6 6

Since the argument of complex is not unique

4
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑧 = 4 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− + 2𝜋𝑘) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ((− + 2𝜋𝑘)))
6 6

𝜋 𝜋
1 −6 + 2𝜋𝑘 (− 6 + 2𝜋𝑘)
𝑧𝑘 = 4 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (
4 ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3
4 4

𝜋 𝜋
𝑧0 = √2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− ))
24 24

11𝜋 11𝜋
𝑧1 = √2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ))
24 24

23𝜋 23𝜋
𝑧2 = √2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ))
24 24

35𝜋 35𝜋
𝑧3 = √2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ))
24 24

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