GNED 03 - Mathematics in the Modern World Joshua S.

Verches BSEE 1-1

MATHEMATICS - relationship of numbers, MATHEMATICAL LANGUANGE & SYMBOLS

quantities, and shape Mathematical Noun & Verb = Numbers
Patterns - repeated design Characteristics (Jamison):
Symmetry 1. Non-temporal - no past, present and future
TYPES: tense
1. Bilateral Symmetry - Mirror image (ex. 2. Devoid emotional content
butterfly wings) 3. Precise - exact, accurate
2. Rotational Symmetry - Angle of Rotation (ex. 4. Concise - brief
starfish) 5. Powerful - part of our daily lives.
Spots - consists of dots (ex. San Francisco Variable - letters used to represent a value or
Leaves) entity
Spiral - a single turn or coil in a spiral object; Mathematical Expression - number of terms
winds around an axis (ex. galaxies) separated by an operation
Fractal - same shape but differ in size (ex. Mathematical Sentence - combination of two
spider web) or more expression with a comparison
operator (= , <, >)
NUMBERS - an arithmetical value, expressed by a 3x + 10
word, symbol, or figure, representing a particular
quantity (based on google)
Sequence - ordered list of numbers that may
Open Sentence - cannot be determined if true
be repeated
or false
Fibonacci Sequence - 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,...
Closed Sentence - truth can be determined
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo - what the Fibonacci
(True Close and False Close Sentences)
sequence was named after
Composite - having 2 or more factors
Golden Ratio (phi Φ) - 1.618...
SETS - a well defined collection of objects
- can be solved when dividing consecutive
Roster / Tabular method - listing and
Fibonacci numbers
enumeration
Fibonacci Day - November 23
Rule / Descriptive - showing the common
characteristics
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
TYPES OF SETS
- math helps us understand the world, and we
1. Finite - countable
use the world to understand math
2. Infinite - uncountable
3. Empty - no elements {}
Mathematics for Organization - Organize
4. Universal - totality of elements
patterns and regularities
RELATIONSHIP OF SETS
Mathematics for Prediction - predict behavior
1. Equal sets - same elements and cardinality
of nature and phenomena in the world
2. Equivalent sets - same cardinal number and
Mathematics for Control - control over the
number of elements (equal sets are
occurrences in the world for the enforcement
equivalent sets)
of our civilization
3. Joint Sets - contains at least 1 common
element, must not contain all elements
MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING
(joint sets are not equal sets)
- designing and analyzing structures and machine
4. Disjoint Sets - no common elements
- serves as a source of knowledge from which
engineering students can draw from
- problem solving and engineering design tools
 GNED 03 - Mathematics in the Modern World Joshua S. Verches BSEE 1-1

⊆
Subsets ( ) - part of a bigger set (can be from the Function - referring to a relation where the
universal set) domain is related to only one value in range (x
1. Proper Subset - contains some but not all is not repeated)
elements can be showed as:
2. Improper Subset - the set itself or the null set 1. Table of Values -
3. Power Set - used to count the number of
subsets that can be created
2ⁿ
where n = # of element in the set
OPERATION OF SETS
1. Union of Sets (U) - combination of sets 2. Set of Ordered Pairs - (1,2), (2,3),(3,4)
∩
2. Intersection of Sets ( ) - common elements 3. Mapping Diagram -
in the given set
3. Difference of a Set - elements in the first set
that cannot be found on the second set
4. Combination/ Complement (A’, Aᶜ) - what the
universal set has that the given set has not
5. Cartesian Product - A x B = { set of ordered
pairs (a, b)} 4. Equation - y=x+2
(where A ∈ a and B ∈ b) 5. Graph -
- Vertical line test can be used to check if the
VENN DIAGRAM graph is a function or not

FUNCTION NOTATION
let the x be the input and y be the output
RELATION AND FUNCTION
Relation - a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where x OPERATION OF FUNCTIONS
is the domain and y is the range (f + g) (x) - addition
TYPES OF RELATION (f - g) (x) - subtraction
1. One to One - one value of the domain is only (f x g) (x) - multiplication
related to one value of the range (f/g) (x) - division
2. One to Many - one value of the domain is
related to two or more value of the range COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION
3. Many to One - a value of the range is related f(g(h))(x) - substitute the function inside as the x
to two or more value of the domain of the function outside
4. Many to Many - both domain and range are
repeated