1. What are the two types of transmission technology available?

(i) Broadcast and (ii) point-to-point

2. What is subnet?

A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.

3. Difference between the communication and transmission.

Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit

polarity, synchronisation, clock etc.

Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two

communication media.

4. What are the possible ways of data exchange?

(i) Simplex (ii) Half-duplex (iii) Full-duplex.

5. What is SAP?

Series of interface points that allow other computers to communicate with the other
layers of network protocol stack.

6. What do you meant by "triple X" in Networks?

The function of PAD (Packet Assembler Disassembler) is described in a document

known as X.3. The standard protocol has been defined between the terminal and the
PAD, called X.28; another standard protocol exists between hte PAD and the
network, called X.29. Together, these three recommendations are often called "triple
X"

7. What is frame relay, in which layer it comes?

Frame relay is a packet switching technology. It will operate in the data link layer.

8.What is terminal emulation, in which layer it comes?

Telnet is also called as terminal emulation. It belongs to application layer.

9. What is Beaconing?

The process that allows a network to self-repair networks problems. The stations on
the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the
transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.

2.
 3. 10. What is redirector?

Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and translates them
into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.
26. What is ICMP?
ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite
used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It
uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It also
handles both control and error messages.

27. What are the data units at different layers of the TCP / IP protocol suite?
The data unit created at the application layer is called a message, at the transport layer the
data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram, at the network layer the data
unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is encapsulated in to a
frame and finally transmitted as signals along the transmission media.

28. What is difference between ARP and RARP?

The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate the 32 bit IP address with the 48
bit physical address, used by a host or a router to find the physical address of another host on
its network by sending a ARP query packet that includes the IP address of the receiver.
The reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) allows a host to discover its Internet address
when it knows only its physical address.

29. What is the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP
datagram?
The header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum length of 60
bytes.

30. What is the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses?

Class A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
Class D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
Class E 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255

31. What is the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols?
The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) allows a local host to obtain files from a remote
host but does not provide reliability or security. It uses the fundamental packet delivery
services offered by UDP.
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard mechanism provided by TCP / IP for
copying a file from one host to another. It uses the services offer by TCP and so is reliable
and secure. It establishes two connections (virtual circuits) between the hosts, one for data
transfer and another for control information.

32. What are major types of networks and explain?

? Server-based network
? Peer-to-peer network
Peer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients
using the resources.
Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server
computers to provide security and network administration

33. What are the important topologies for networks?

? BUS topology:
In this each computer is directly connected to primary network cable in a single line.
Advantages:
Inexpensive, easy to install, simple to understand, easy to extend.

? STAR topology:
In this all computers are connected using a central hub.
Advantages:
Can be inexpensive, easy to install and reconfigure and easy to trouble shoot physical
problems.

? RING topology:
In this all computers are connected in loop.
Advantages:
All computers have equal access to network media, installation can be simple, and signal
does not degrade as much as in other topologies because each computer regenerates it.

34. What is mesh network?

A network in which there are multiple network links between computers to provide multiple
paths for data to travel.

35. What is difference between baseband and broadband transmission?

In a baseband transmission, the entire bandwidth of the cable is consumed by a single signal.
In broadband transmission, signals are sent on multiple frequencies, allowing multiple signals
to be sent simultaneously.

11. What is NETBIOS and NETBEUI?

NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and

received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from
applications.

NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by

microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.

12. What is RAID?

A method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives.

13. What is passive topology?

When the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are
referred to as passive because they don’t amplify the signal in any way. Example for
passive topology - linear bus.

14. What is Brouter?

Hybrid devices that combine the features of both bridges and routers.

15. What is cladding?

A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

16. What is point-to-point protocol?

A communications protocol used to connect computers to remote networking services

including Internet service providers.

17. How Gateway is different from Routers?

A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information
between two completely different network architectures or data formats

18. What is attenuation?

The degeneration of a signal over distance on a network cable is called attenuation.

19. What is MAC address?

The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer
in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network
adapter card and is unique.

20. Difference between bit rate and baud rate.

Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers
to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits.

baud rate = bit rate / N

where N is no-of-bits represented by each signal shift.

21. What is Bandwidth?

Every line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the frequency of signals it can
carry. This limited range is called the bandwidth.

22. What are the types of Transmission media?

Signals are usually transmitted over some transmission media that are broadly
classified in to two categories.

23. Guided Media:

These are those that provide a conduit from one device to another that include
twisted-pair, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable. A signal traveling along any of these
media is directed and is contained by the physical limits of the medium. Twisted-pair
and coaxial cable use metallic that accept and transport signals in the form of
electrical current. Optical fiber is a glass or plastic cable that accepts and transports
signals in the form of light.

b) Unguided Media:

This is the wireless media that transport electromagnetic waves without using a
physical conductor. Signals are broadcast either through air. This is done through
radio communication, satellite communication and cellular telephony.

24. What is Project 802?

It is a project started by IEEE to set standards to enable intercommunication between

equipment from a variety of manufacturers. It is a way for specifying functions of the
physical layer, the data link layer and to some extent the network layer to allow for
interconnectivity of major LAN protocols.

It consists of the following:

* 802.1 is an internetworking standard for compatibility of different LANs and

MANs across protocols.
* 802.2 Logical link control (LLC) is the upper sublayer of the data link layer
which is non-architecture-specific, that is remains the same for all IEEE-defined
LANs.
* Media access control (MAC) is the lower sublayer of the data link layer that
contains some distinct modules each carrying proprietary information specific to the
LAN product being used. The modules are Ethernet LAN (802.3), Token ring LAN
(802.4), Token bus LAN (802.5).
* 802.6 is distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) designed to be used in MANs.

25. What is Protocol Data Unit?

The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU
contains of four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service
access point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are
addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and
sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies
whether the PDU frame is a information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S -
frame) or a unnumbered frame (U - frame).

26. What are the different type of networking / internetworking devices?

Repeater:

Also called a regenerator, it is an electronic device that operates only at physical

layer. It receives the signal in the network before it becomes weak, regenerates the
original bit pattern and puts the refreshed copy back in to the link.

Bridges:

These operate both in the physical and data link layers of LANs of same type. They
divide a larger network in to smaller segments. They contain logic that allow them to
keep the traffic for each segment separate and thus are repeaters that relay a frame
only the side of the segment containing the intended recipent and control congestion.

Routers:

They relay packets among multiple interconnected networks (i.e. LANs of different
type). They operate in the physical, data link and network layers. They contain
software that enable them to determine which of the several possible paths is the best
for a particular transmission.

Gateways:

They relay packets among networks that have different protocols (e.g. between a LAN
and a WAN). They accept a packet formatted for one protocol and convert it to a
packet formatted for another protocol before forwarding it. They operate in all seven
layers of the OSI model.

27. What is ICMP?

ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP
suite used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to
the sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and
responding. It also handles both control and error messages.

28. What are the data units at different layers of the TCP / IP protocol suite?

The data unit created at the application layer is called a message, at the transport layer
the data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram, at the network
layer the data unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is
encapsulated in to a frame and finally transmitted as signals along the transmission
media.

29. What is difference between ARP and RARP?

The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate the 32 bit IP address with
the 48 bit physical address, used by a host or a router to find the physical address of
another host on its network by sending a ARP query packet that includes the IP
address of the receiver.

The reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) allows a host to discover its Internet
address when it knows only its physical address.

30. What is the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP
segment and IP datagram?
 The header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum
length of 60 bytes.

31. What is the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses?

Class A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

Class C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

Class D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Class E 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255

32. What is the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols?

The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) allows a local host to obtain files from a
remote host but does not provide reliability or security. It uses the fundamental packet
delivery services offered by UDP.

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard mechanism provided by TCP / IP for
copying a file from one host to another. It uses the services offer by TCP and so is
reliable and secure. It establishes two connections (virtual circuits) between the hosts,
one for data transfer and another for control information.

33. What are major types of networks and explain?

* Server-based network
* Peer-to-peer network

Peer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as
clients using the resources.

Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on

server computers to provide security and network administratio

What are the difference between hub and switch?

Hub is a layer 1 device. It will out the signal from all of its port except the one from where its
insert. It is unable to detect the collision. It works on single collision and single broadcast
domain.
Switch is layer 2 device. It maintains a CAM table that store the MAC address of devices
attached on its port. CAM table is used to make the forwarding decision. It works on per port
collision and single broadcast domain.

What is layer?
Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how
the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.

What is TCP/IP?

It is combination of two protocols TCP and IP. It is used for reliable data transfer.

What is operating system?

An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS") is the program that, after being
initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a
computer. It provides a platform to application software.

What is package software?

The collection of mostly used software released in package Form Company. For Example
Ms-Office that contain word, power point, Excel, etc.

Full form of .co.in, .com

 COM - ".com" stands for "commercial".

 NET - ".net" stands for "network"
 ORG - ".org" stands for "organization"
 INFO - ".info" stands for "information"
 BIZ - ".biz" stands for "business".
 IN - 'IN' stands for India. The 'IN' is a 2-letter country code for India.

What are the difference between hub and switch?

Hub is a layer 1 device. It will out the signal from all of its port except the one from where its
insert. It is unable to detect the collision. It works on single collision and single broadcast
domain.
Switch is layer 2 device. It maintains a CAM table that store the MAC address of devices
attached on its port. CAM table is used to make the forwarding decision. It works on per port
collision and single broadcast domain.

What is layer?

Layer is a completely logical partition of PDU (protocol data unit) process. That define how
the information is travel form one computer to other over the network.

What is TCP/IP?

It is combination of two protocols TCP and IP. It is used for reliable data transfer.

What is operating system?

An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS") is the program that, after being
initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a
computer. It provides a platform to application software.

What is package software?

The collection of mostly used software released in package Form Company. For Example
Ms-Office that contain word, power point, Excel, etc.

Full form of .co.in, .com

 COM - ".com" stands for "commercial".

 NET - ".net" stands for "network"
 ORG - ".org" stands for "organization"
 INFO - ".info" stands for "information"
 BIZ - ".biz" stands for "business".
 IN - 'IN' stands for India. The 'IN' is a 2-letter country code for India.

What is ring topology?

In a ring topology, device one connects to device two, device two connects to device three,
and so on to the last device, which connects back to device one.

Which cable is used in LAN?

Generally coaxial and TP media is used in LAN networking.

What are Difference between STP and UTP?

STP cable is mostly used by IBM; it has an extra cover over each pair.
UTP cable is used in star topology. It has a single cover over all pair.

What is IEEE?

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (read eye-triple-e) is an

international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related
to electricity. It has the most members of any technical professional organization in the
world, with more than 365,000 members in around 150 countries

What is 802.3?

IEEE 802.3 is a collection of IEEE standards defining the physical layer and the media
access control (MAC) of the data link layer of wired Ethernet. Physical connections are made
between nodes and infrastructure devices hubs, switches and routers by various types of
copper or fiber cable.

Full form of ping.

PING stand for Packet Internet Grouper

What are the minimum requirements for xp installation?

64MB RAM
1.5GB free HDD space
233MHz minimum processor.

What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs?

10Base2— An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second
that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100 meters and a
maximum of 2 segments.
10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second
that uses baseband signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100 meters per
segment.
10BaseT—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second
that uses baseband signaling and twisted pair cabling.

What is the difference between an unspecified passive open and a fully

specified passive open?

An unspecified passive open has the server waiting for a connection request from a client.
A fully specified passive open has the server waiting for a connection from a specific client.

Explain the function of Transmission Control Block

A TCB is a complex data structure that contains a considerable amount of information about
each connection.

What is a Management Information Base (MIB)?

A Management Information Base is part of every SNMP-managed device. Each SNMP agent
has the MIB database that contains information about the device's status, its performance,
connections, and configuration. The MIB is queried by SNMP.

What is anonymous FTP and why would you use it?

Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login and password.
Usually, anonymous FTP uses a login called anonymous or guest, with the password usually
requesting the user's ID for tracking purposes only. Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large
number of users to access files on the host without having to go to the trouble of setting up
logins for them all. Anonymous FTP systems usually have strict controls over the areas an
anonymous user can access.

What is a pseudo tty?

A pseudo tty or false terminal enables external machines to connect through Telnet or rlogin.
Without a pseudo tty, no connection can take place.

What does the Mount protocol do?

The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a requested
file resides. The message is sent to the client from the server after reception of a client's
request

What is External Data Representation?

External Data Representation is a method of encoding data within an RPC message, used to
ensure that the data is not system-dependent.

What is dora process?

DORA stands for discover , offer , request and acknowledgementwhen we install a dhcp server into
our network then dhcp server works on the basis of dora process first dhcp server sends a hello
message..

How do you perform subnet addressing ?

Subnetting divides one large network into several smaller ones. It adds an intermediate level of
hierarchy in IP addressing.
To create or to perform subnet addressing the local address should be divided into a number
identifying the physical network and a number identifying the host on the subnet. Then the senders
route m...

Default port no. For telnet ___ ? snmp ____? ftp ____?

FTP - 20/21
SNMP - 161
Telnet – 23

What is the difference between domain & workgroup?

In a workgroup: All computers are peers; no computer has control over another computer. Each
computer has a set of user accounts. To use any computer in the workgroup, you must have an
account on th...

Domain can be accessed from anywhere in the world were internet is provided, while
workgroup is a small network which can be accessed only if we are in that network.

What is virtual path?

Along any transmission path from a given source to a given destination, a group of virtual circuits can
be grouped together into what is called path.

Explain 5-4-3 rule?

5-4-3 rule is a guideline for Ethernet computer networks along with the number of repeaters and
segments on shared-access. The rule says that in an network there can be no more than five network
segme...
What is multicast routing?

Sending one packet of message to several destinations is known as multicast routing and algorithm
which defines its route is known as multicast routing algorithm.

What is mail gateway?

Mail gateway is a means which connect two or more electronic mail system and helps in
transfer of message between them.During complex mapping and translation there is a store
and forward scheme where ...

What is igp (interior gateway protocol)?

Within an autonomous system the interior gateway protocol (IGP) is used to exchange
routing information.
There are two types of IGP
1.Distance-vector routing protocol
2.Link-state routing protocol.

What is beaconing?

Beaconing is a process which allows the network to render their network problems by them-
selfToken ring and FDDI(Fibre Distributed Data Interface) networks make use of this process. It is
also a sign...

What services does the internet layer provide?

The internet layer packs data into data packets known as IP datagrams, which contain source and
destination address information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts and across
networks....

What are headers and trailers? How are they added and removed?

Headers and trailers are the concepts of OSI model. Headers are information structures which
identifies the information that follows, such as a block of bytes in communication. Trailer is the
informat...

What are the thre (3) types of transmission media? List out their advantages and distadvantages

Types of transmission media's are:

1) Bounded media
2) Unbounded media

Examples of transmission media.

1) Twisted pair, coax, fiber.

If you are given the ip address can u tell how many computers can be connected?What do
you look at?
1 ip address belong to 1 system only becz each and every system should know there own ip to
communicate and transfer the data if u give same ip to more than 1 system it will throw u error.

For Example in Class AIf IP address is 1.0.0.1 then Network bits is 8 bits and hosts bits are 24bits by
calculating by formula 2n-2 (2power)Their fore for 1.0.0.1 the no computers can be connected
1,67,77,214.

Basic Networking Interview Questions with answer

When were OSI model developed and why its standard called 802.XX and so
on?

OSI model was developed in February1980 that why these also known as 802.XX Standard
(Notice 80 means ==> 1980, 2means ==> February)

What is Full form of ADS?

Active Directory Structure

How will you register and activate windows?

If you have not activated windows XP, you can do so at any time by clicking the windows
Activation icon in the system tray to initiate activation. Once you have activated windows
XP, this icon disappears from the system tray.
For registration
Start ==> Run ==> regwiz /r

Where do we use cross and standard cable?

Computer to computer ==> cross

Switch/hub to switch/hub ==>cross
Computer to switch/hub ==>standard

How many pins do serial ports have?

In computer it's known as com port and could be available in 9pin or 25 pin. On router it have
60 pins.

How will check ip address on 98?

Start ==> Run ==> command ==> winipcfg

How will you make partition after installing windows?

My computer ==> right click ==> manage ==> disk management ==>
select free space ==> right click ==> New partition

What is IP?
It's a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.

What is private IP?

Three ranges of IP addresses have been reserved for private address and they are not valid for
use on the Internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use
proxy server or NAT server (on normal cases the role of proxy server is played by your
ISP.).If you do decide to implement a private IP address range, you can use IP addresses from
any of the following classes:
Class A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

How will check ip address on 98?

Start ==> Run ==> command ==> winipcfg

How will you make partition after installing windows?

My computer ==> right click ==> manage ==> disk management ==>
select free space ==> right click ==> New partition

What is IP?

It's a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.

What is private IP?

Three ranges of IP addresses have been reserved for private address and they are not valid for
use on the Internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use
proxy server or NAT server (on normal cases the role of proxy server is played by your
ISP.).If you do decide to implement a private IP address range, you can use IP addresses from
any of the following classes:
Class A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

What is public IP address?

A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet
communication.

What's the benefit of subnetting?

Reduce the size of the routing tables.

Reduce network traffic. Broadcast traffic can be isolated within a single logical network.
Provide a way to secure network traffic by isolating it from the rest of the network.
What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip
addressing?

With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same
IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed
by a centralized network service

What is MAC address?

The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in
the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network
adapter card and is unique.

What is cladding?

A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

How Gateway is different from Routers?

A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information
between two completely different network architectures or data formats

What is passive topology?

When the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are
referred to as passive because they don’t amplify the signal in any way. Example for
passive topology - linear bus.

What is SAP?

Series of interface points that allow other computers to communicate with the other
layers of network protocol stack.

What is subnet?

A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.

What is IP?

IP is Internet Protocol. It is the network protocol which is used to send information

from one computer to another over the network over the internet in the form of packets

What’s the meaning of ARP in TCP/IP?

The “ARP” stands for Address Resolution Protocol. The ARP standard defines two
basic message types: a request and a response. a request message contains an IP address
and requests the corresponding hardware address; a replay contains both the IP
address, sent in the request, and the hardware address.

What is data link layer in the OSI reference model responsible for?

Data link layer is located above the physical layer, but below the network layer. Taking
raw data bits and packaging them into frames. The network layer will be responsible
for addressing the frames, while the physical layer is reponsible for retrieving and
sending raw data bits.

What is binding order?

The order by which the network protocols are used for client-server communications.
The most frequently used protocols should be at the top.

How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of data transferred across the
network?

Each IP packet is assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on both

receiving and transmitting ends, the data was modified or corrupted.

What is UTP?

UTP — Unshielded twisted pair 10BASE-T is the preferred Ethernet medium of the
90s. It is based on a star topology and provides a number of advantages over coaxial
media.

It uses inexpensive, readily available copper phone wire. UTP wire is much easier to
install and debug than coax. UTP uses RG-45 connectors, which are cheap and reliable.

What is a router? What is a gateway?

Routers are machines that direct a packet through the maze of networks that stand
between its source and destination. Normally a router is used for internal networks
while a gateway acts a door for the packet to reach the ‘outside’ of the internal network
What is Semaphore? What is deadlock?

Semaphore is a synchronization tool to solve critical-section problem, can be used to

control access to the critical section for a process or thread. The main disadvantage
(same of mutual-exclusion) is require busy waiting. It will create problems in a
multiprogramming system, where a single CPU is shared among many processes.

Busy waiting wastes CPU cycles.

Deadlock is a situation when two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an event
that can be caused by only one of the waiting processes. The implementation of a
semaphore with a waiting queue may result in this situation.

What is APIPA?

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) is a feature mainly found in Microsoft operating

systems. APIPA enables clients to still communicate with other computers on the same
network segment until an IP address can be obtained from a DHCP server, allowing the
machine to fully participate on the network. The range of these IP address are the 169.254.0.1
to 169.254.255.254 with a default Class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

What are the LMHOSTS files?

The LMHOSTS file is a static method of resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses in the
same way that the HOSTS file is a static method of resolving domain names into IP
addresses. An LMHOSTS file is a text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses; it must
be manually configured and updated.

What is DHCP scope?

A scope is a range, or pool, of IP addresses that can be leased to DHCP clients on a given
subnet.

What is FQDN?

An FQDN contains (fully qualified domain name) both the hostname and a domain name. It
uniquely identifies a host within a DNS hierarchy

What is the DNS forwarder?

DNS servers often must communicate with DNS servers outside of the local network. A
forwarder is an entry that is used when a DNS server receives DNS queries that it cannot
resolve locally. It then forwards those requests to external DNS servers for resolution.

Which command will you use to find out the name of the pc in networks?

NSLOOKUP [192.168.0.1]
[Ip of target computer]

How will enable sound service in 2003?

By default this service remain disable to enable this service

Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> windows audio ==> start up type ==>
automatic

How will enable CD burning service in 2003?

By default this service remain disable to enable this service

Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> IMAPI CD burning com service ==> start up
type ==> automatic

What does the Mount protocol do

The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a requested
file resides. The message
is sent to the client from the server after reception
of a client's request.
9. What is External Data Representation
Computer Networks Interview Questions
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External Data Representation is a method of encoding data within an RPC message, used to
ensure that the data is not
system-dependent.
10. What is the Network Time Protocol ?
11. BOOTP helps a diskless workstation boot. How does it get a message to the network
looking for its IP
address and the location of its operating system boot files
BOOTP sends a UDP message with a subnetwork broadcast address and waits for a reply
from a server that gives it
the IP address. The same message might contain the
name of the machine that has the boot files on it. If the boot image location is not specified,
the workstation sends
another UDP message to query the server.
12. What is a DNS resource record
A resource record is an entry in a name server's database. There are several types of resource
records used, including
name-to-address resolution information. Resource
records are maintained as ASCII files.
13. What protocol is used by DNS name servers
DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It is a better choice than TCP because of
the improved speed a
connectionless protocol offers. Of course,
transmission reliability suffers with UDP.
14. What is the difference between interior and exterior neighbor gateways
Interior gateways connect LANs of one organization, whereas exterior gateways connect the
organization to the outside
world.
15. What is the HELLO protocol used for
The HELLO protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing. It is an
alternative to the Routing
Information Protocol.
16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of routing tables
The three types of routing tables are fixed, dynamic, and fixed central. The fixed table must
be manually modified every
time there is a change. A dynamic table changes its
information based on network traffic, reducing the amount of manual maintenance. A fixed
central table lets a manager
modify only one table, which is then read by other
devices. The fixed central table reduces the need to update each machine's table, as with the
fixed table. Usually a
dynamic table causes the fewest problems for a network
administrator, although the table's contents can change without the administrator being aware
of the change.
17. What is a TCP connection table
18. What is source route
It is a sequence of IP addresses identifying the route a datagram must follow. A source route
may optionally be included in an IP datagram header.