Cloud Midsem Answers-2
Cloud Midsem Answers-2
Q1.) which technologies lead to cloud computing and write about its generations?(5M)
Virtualization technologies played a crucial role in this generation by allowing users to create
virtual machines on shared physical hardware.
introduced the pay-as-you-go model.
Primarily focused on providing raw computing power, storage, and networking as services.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) was a pioneering force in IaaS.
2. Second Generation (2010-2019): Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS)
3. Third Generation (2019 and Beyond): Multi-Cloud, Serverless, and Edge Computing
Q.) What is SLA(Service level agreement),SLO(Service level objective) and KPI(Key Performance Indictators)?(10M)
SLA:
service-level agreement (SLA) is an agreement between a service provider and
a customer. Particular aspects of the service – quality, availability, responsibilities – are
agreed between the service provider and the service user.The most common component of an
SLA is:the services should be provided to the customer as agreed upon in the contract.
Organizations use SLO’s in production environments to ensure released code stays within
error budgets. SLO ensure’s reliability
KPI:
Key performance indicators (KPI) are quantifiable measurements used to calculate a
company’s overall long-term performance. KPIs helps in determining a company’s strategic,
financial, and operational achievements ,compared to those of other businesses within the
same sector.The goal of KPIs is to communicate results briefly ,so the management can make
more informed strategic decisions.
KPI fall into four categories,each category has its own characteristics,time frame,users.
i) Strategic KPIs ii) Operational KPIs iii) Functional KPIs iv) Leading KPIs
i)Revenue growth ii) Revenue per client iii)Profit margin iv) Client retention rate
v) Customer satisfication
Infrastructure as a
Platform as a service. Software as a service.
Full form service.
Basis Of IAAS PAAS SAAS
Operating System,
Runtime, Data of the
Nothing
User Middleware, and application
Controls Application data
Important
Factors to Public Private Community Hybrid Multi-Cloud
Consider
Complex to
Requires Requires Requires
Setup and ease setup,
Easy professional professional IT professional IT
of use integrate, and
IT Team Team Team
use
Data Security
Low High Very High High Low
and Privacy
Scalability and Fixed
High High High High
flexibility requirements
Cheaper than
Cost is
Cost Most private but Higher than the
Most affordable distributed
Effectiveness expensive expensive than Hybrid model .
among members
public
Low, as the
Very high, High, because of Low, as the
service provider Very high, if the
as the user collaboration service provider
Data Control has complete environment is
has among the has total
control over right
ownership members control
data
SOA architecture allows technology and business areas to get aligned and
grow closer.
SOA enables the development of applications that are easier to handle and
more secure.
SOA helps in minimise data loss, since it offers security and high
availability.
SOA architecture allows for a faster application development, in a more
cost-effective manner,because of flexible integration of all data.
SOA helps organizations improve their agility and flexibility.
Advantages
1.) In SOA, an application is built by assembling small, self-contained, and
loosely coupled pieces of functionality. So the services can be reused in
various applications without relying on their interactions with other services.
2.) Since a service is an independent entity, it can be easily updated or
maintained without having to worry about other services.
3.)The services are usually published to a directory where consumers can
look them up. It allows a service to change its location at any time.
Disadvantages
1.) Every time a service interacts with another service, complete validation of
every input parameter takes place. This increases the response time and
machine load, and hence reduces the overall performance.
2.)The service has to make sure messages are delivered on time. But when
services exchange messages for tasks, the quantity can reach millions in a
single application, making it challenging to manage.
Ans: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing
as a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications,
and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction.
Cloud computing model has five essential characteristics, three service models, and
four deployment models.
2. Broad Network Access: The features are accessible through the network and can
be used by different devices, whether they are lightweight or powerful, using
standard methods.
3. Resource Pooling: Computer resources are grouped together to help many users
at once in a shared model. Physical & virtual resources are constantly moved
around based on what users need.
5. Measured Service: Cloud systems automatically manage and make the best use
of resources by keeping track of how much is being used.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): The consumer does not control the underlying
infrastructure, but has control over the installed applications and configuration
settings for the application-hosting environment.
1. Public Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by ->the
general public.
2. Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by -> a
single organization comprising multiple consumers.
Q.) "If a cloud server has a processor speed of 3.5 GHz, and a task requires the
execution of 10 million instructions, how much time would it take for the server
to complete the task? Assume a dual-core processor and provide the
calculation steps involved in determining the time required."(2M)
To calculate the time (T) for a dual-core processor, we can use the formula:
T=10×10^6/(7×10^9)
T≈1.429×10^(-3)seconds
T≈1.429 milliseconds
So, it would take approximately 1.429 milliseconds for the cloud server with a dual-
core processor to complete the given task.
NOTE: If single core then ,no of cores=1; ans=2.857milli seconds if multi core then
multi core(N) then ans T=2.857/N milli seconds.