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Test Bank for Understanding Psychology, 14th Edition,
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Test Bank for Development Across the Life Span, 7/E 7th
Edition Robert S. Feldman
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3) Which of the following is an example of a question being answered using the scientific
method?
A) When asked if violent video games have any impact on a gamer, Dr. Farnworth replies that
there is substantial empirical evidence to suggest a change in the gamer's physiology.
B) When asked if mood influences prosocial behavior, Dr. Hotchner replies that he believes it
does.
C) When asked if addiction is a disease or a choice, Smith replies that he knows many addicts
and he feels that they have a disease.
D) When asked if an old dog can be taught new tricks, Rick replies, "I taught my 10-year-old
shepherd to fetch a ball, so yes, you can teach an old dog new tricks."
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 4
Topic: Scientific Method; Definition of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.1: Define the science of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology; 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to
interpret psychological phenomena
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4) Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain
might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work best exemplifies
the ________ subfield of psychology.
A) cognitive
B) program evaluation
C) developmental
D) behavioral neuroscience
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 4-5
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
5) Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving,
learning, and thinking about the world?
A) behavioral neuroscience
B) developmental psychology
C) experimental psychology
D) health psychology
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 5
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 4-6
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7) Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly matched with its sample topic?
A) Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health
B) Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive
disorder
C) Cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people's thinking
D) Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 4-7
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
3
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
8) Identify a true statement about cognitive psychology.
A) Cognitive psychologists focus on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors.
B) Cognitive psychologists may be asked to examine people accused of crimes.
C) Cognitive psychology is a subspecialty under experimental psychology.
D) Cognitive psychology includes experimental psychology as a subfield.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 5
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 5
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10) ________ focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning,
problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.
A) Developmental psychology
B) Personality psychology
C) Clinical psychology
D) Cognitive psychology
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 5
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11) Which of the following statements defines developmental psychology?
A) It focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.
B) It studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
C) It focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem
solving, judging, decision making, and language.
D) It deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 7
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 7
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
13) Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood.
Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Which of the
following is likely to be true in the context of this scenario?
A) Dr. Chen is a personality psychologist, whereas Dr. Doherty is a developmental psychologist.
B) Dr. Chen is likely to be a behavioral geneticist, whereas Dr. Doherty is likely to be an
evolutionary psychologist.
C) Dr. Chen is likely to be a developmental psychologist, whereas Dr. Doherty is likely to be a
personality psychologist.
D) Dr. Chen is a clinical psychologist, whereas Dr. Doherty is a counseling psychologist.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 7
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14) Dr. Ebrahim studies the changes in peer relationships among children through the elementary
and middle-school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) ________ psychologist.
A) counseling
B) evolutionary
C) forensic
D) developmental
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 7
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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15) Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and
physical ailments or diseases?
A) developmental psychology
B) health psychology
C) forensic psychology
D) clinical neuropsychology
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 7
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
16) Enterprise City has been hit hard by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologists are
holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz is outlining
strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol.
Dr. Kurutz is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
A) health
B) cross-cultural
C) developmental
D) counseling
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 7
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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17) How do clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists differ?
A) Clinical psychologists can only diagnose psychological disorders, as opposed to counseling
psychologists who can diagnose and treat psychological disorders.
B) Clinical psychologists have a PhD or an MD degree, whereas counseling psychologists have a
PsyD degree.
C) Counseling psychologists deal with problems that are more specific than the problems with
which clinical psychologists deal.
D) Counseling psychologists may specialize in forensic psychology, whereas clinical
psychologists do not have the opportunity to specialize.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 7
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 5.1: Apply psychological content and skills to career goals
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 7
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
19) Which of the following is one of the three newer branches of psychology's family tree?
A) counseling psychology
B) personality psychology
C) environmental psychology
D) clinical neuropsychology
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 7
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
8
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
20) Dr. Lin and Dr. Marino study obesity. Dr. Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to the levels of
the trait of neuroticism—the tendency to experience upsetting emotions. Dr. Marino relates
obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone; with family members; or in the
presence of larger groups of friends, acquaintances, or strangers. In the scenario, which of the
following statements is most likely to be true?
A) Dr. Marino is a social psychologist.
B) Dr. Lin is a social psychologist.
C) Dr. Marino is a personality psychologist.
D) Dr. Lin is a behavioral psychologist.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 7
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 8
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Evolutionary Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
9
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
22) Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly described?
A) Evolutionary psychology focuses on the biological mechanisms that enable inherited behavior
to unfold.
B) Behavioral genetics considers how our behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from
our ancestors.
C) Clinical neuropsychology focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological
factors.
D) Cross-cultural psychology examines the genetic basis of behavioral disorders.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 8
Topic: Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
23) Dr. Hart investigates how depressive disorders are related to the levels of serotonin in the
brain. Dr. Hart's research falls within the field of
A) clinical neuropsychology.
B) environmental psychology.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) health psychology.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 8
Topic: Profession of Psychology; Subfields of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the subfields of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 9
Topic: Profession of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.3: List the major specialties for working in the field of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
25) In comparison with a PsyD (doctor of psychology), a PhD (doctor of philosophy)
A) requires a medical degree.
B) requires a dissertation based on an original investigation.
C) is earned by fewer people.
D) is obtained by psychologists focusing exclusively on treating psychological disorders.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 9
Topic: Profession of Psychology
Learning Objective: 1.3: List the major specialties for working in the field of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 5.1: Apply psychological content and skills to career goals
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 12
Topic: History of Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 13
Topic: History of Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
11
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
28) Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental attributes of
mental experience. Dr. Leleux is most likely following a perspective in psychology known as
A) functionalism.
B) determinism.
C) structuralism.
D) gestalt psychology.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 13
Topic: Structuralism
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology;
1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
29) ________ is a procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked
to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus.
A) Inner perception
B) Introspection
C) Internal observation
D) Intervention
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 14
Topic: Structuralism
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
30) Which of the following led psychologists to challenge the structuralism perspective?
A) Introspection was confirmed by an outside observer.
B) Structuralism did not focus on the fundamental components of the mind.
C) Structuralists made use of unethical forms of measurements during experiments.
D) Introspection was not a truly scientific technique.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 14
Topic: Structuralism
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
12
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
31) ________ is an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does and
the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Introspection
D) Gestalt psychology
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 14
Topic: Functionalism
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 14
Topic: Functionalism
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
33) In the context of the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in
A) how unconscious memories contribute to an individual's emotional experience.
B) the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.
C) how behavior aids an individual's adaptation to the environment.
D) the organization of perception and thinking into meaningful wholes.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 13
Topic: Functionalism
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
13
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
34) Which of the following approaches to psychology proposed that "the whole is different than
the sum of the parts"?
A) forensic psychology
B) functionalism
C) structuralism
D) gestalt psychology
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 14
Topic: Approaches to Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 14
Topic: Approaches to Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
36) Which of the following perspectives is correctly matched with its description?
A) structuralism: emphasizes what the mind does
B) functionalism: emphasizes the elements of mental experience
C) humanism: emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior
D) gestalt psychology: emphasizes the organization of perception
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 14
Topic: Humanistic Approach; Functionalism; Structuralism; Approaches to Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
37) Which of the following female psychologists is correctly matched with her achievement?
A) June Etta: the first female president of the American Psychological Association
B) Mary Calkins: the first woman to head a psychology department at a state university
C) Leta Stetter Hollingworth: the founder of the American Journal of Psychoanalysis
D) Margaret Floy Washburn: the first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 14-15
Topic: History of Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain the roots of psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
38) The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and
other biological functions is known as the ________ perspective.
A) psychodynamic
B) nature-nurture
C) cognitive
D) neuroscience
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 15
Topic: Approaches to Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 15
Topic: Approaches to Psychology
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
15
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
40) Noreen asserts that human behavior is motivated by inner forces about which individuals
have little awareness or control. This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ perspective
of psychology.
A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) structuralist
D) neuroscience
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 16
Topic: Psychodynamic Approach
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology;
1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
41) Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her
environment—people, places, and things—on the use of drugs. Her program reflects the
________ perspective of psychology.
A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) neuroscience
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 17
Topic: Behavioral Approach
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology;
1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
16
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
42) Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on individual actions and conduct that
can be observed and measured. Dr. Cech is a strong proponent of the idea that psychology should
study how people think about and understand the world. Which of the following options
correctly identifies their respective perspectives?
A) Dr. Greenway adheres to the behavioral perspective, and Dr. Cech adheres to the cognitive
perspective.
B) Dr. Greenway adheres to the cognitive perspective, and Dr. Cech adheres to the behavioral
perspective.
C) Dr. Greenway adheres to the behavioral perspective, and Dr. Cech adheres to the humanistic
perspective.
D) Dr. Greenway adheres to the psychodynamic perspective, and Dr. Cech adheres to the
humanistic perspective.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 17
Topic: Cognitive Approach; Behavioral Approach
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology;
1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 18
Topic: Humanistic Approach
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
17
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
44) Dr. Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects the choices they make.
He is most likely a ________ psychologist.
A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) gestalt
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 18
Topic: Humanistic Approach
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss today's perspectives on psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology;
1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
45) Dr. Quinone studies the achievement motivation of junior high school students. He asserts
that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have
experienced. In the context of key issues in the field of psychology, which of the following ideas
does Dr. Quinone's support?
A) the idea that nature influences individual behavior
B) the idea that nurture influence individual behavior
C) the idea that internal mental processes shape observable behavior
D) the idea that unconscious factors determine observable behavior
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 20
Topic: Key issues and controversies
Learning Objective: 2.4: Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.3:
Describe applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
18
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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46) ________ is the idea that people's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their
willful control.
A) Naturism
B) Vigilantism
C) Determinism
D) Factualism
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 21
Topic: Key issues and controversies
Learning Objective: 2.4: Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
47) Individual differences are to universal principles as the ________ perspective is to the
________ perspective.
A) neuroscience; humanistic
B) cognitive; behavioral
C) humanistic; neuroscience
D) behavioral; cognitive
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 21
Topic: Key issues and controversies
Learning Objective: 2.4: Summarize psychology's key issues and controversies.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
48) The approach through which psychologists systematically acquire knowledge and
understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest is called the
A) trial-and-error method.
B) informed speculation method.
C) scientific method.
D) educated guessing method.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 24
Topic: Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
19
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49) Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the steps in the scientific method from
first to last?
A) identify question of interest → formulate explanation → carry out research → communicate
findings
B) carry out research → formulate explanation → identify question of interest → communicate
findings
C) identify question of interest → carry out research → formulate explanation → communicate
findings
D) carry out research → identify question of interest → formulate explanation → communicate
findings
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 24
Topic: Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
50) Which of the following scenarios describes the last step in the scientific method?
A) Anaya is developing a hypothesis to test a theory for her thesis.
B) Colt is trying to find a topic for his research paper.
C) Federico is publishing his research findings in a peer-reviewed journal.
D) Ashley is conducting a literature survey to identify credible sources of information.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 24
Topic: Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Apply
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research; 1.3: Describe
applications of psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
51) ________ are broad explanations and predictions concerning observations of interest.
A) Theories
B) Hypotheses
C) Introspections
D) Suppositions
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 24
Topic: Theories
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
20
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
52) In the context of the scientific method, the development of a hypothesis occurs when
A) formulating an explanation.
B) identifying questions of interest.
C) communicating the findings.
D) carrying out research designed to support or refute an explanation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 25
Topic: Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 25
Topic: Theories
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Understand
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 25
Topic: Hypotheses
Learning Objective: 3.1: Define the scientific method, and list the steps involved.
Bloom's: Remember
APA Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
21
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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— Ebbene! — soggiunse fra’ denti, dopo la pausa di un momento, il
Monte Ochino — la tua risposta definitiva!
— Fate!.... sono pronto!.... — susurrò a fior di labra il vecchio Camia.
E chiuse gli occhi.
Il Monte Ochino si rizzò in piedi e, voltosi, con impeto, a un gruppo
de’ suoi:
— Un po’ di svago, figliuoli — gridò loro, con un cachinno infernale
— martirizziamo costui!
Quegli uomini — come un’orda di demoni — si slanciarono sul
disgraziato Camia, gli sciolsero le braccia, lo denudarono
completamente e — dietro gli ordini del loro signore — cominciarono
a menarne il più orribile strazio.
È strano che un essere umano potesse tollerare, senza piegarsi,
sevizie tali, che oggi lo stesso narratore nemmanco ha l’animo di
esporre, sì che la penna gli sfugge inorridita di mano.
Ma tanto potevano i tempi.
L’assuefazione alle cose atroci, come attutiva il sentimento — per
quel misterioso legame che aggiugne al fisico il morale — doveva
eziandio rafforzare sì fattamente le fibre da renderle suscettive di
patimenti, che oggi farebbero cedere o perire chiunque.
Capitolo XV.
Il Crocefisso.
Nel proposito di attendere all’altra parte della grave missione che gli
era stata imposta da Bianca; Terremoto — subito dopo aver posto in
salvo Neruccio — erasi affrettatamente allontanato dal casolare
paterno e risospintosi di nuovo nella rôcca di Camia, passando per la
via sotterranea, della quale inanzi tutto ebbe cura di richiudere il
pozzo traditore.
Ma la rôcca di Camia era completamente deserta. — Gli stessi feriti
non giacevano più su i sacconi del dormitorio de’ servi.
Conveniva ammettere che i Nicelli avessero definitivamente
abbandonato quel luogo per far ritorno ai loro covili.
Questa volta, però, invece di scendere al basso verso tramontana, e’
s’inerpicò a monti verso mezzodì, nella ferma fiducia che queglino
pure avessero dovuto prendere la medesima direzione.
Varie circostanze concomitavano a ribadirlo in simile persuadimento.
In prima linea, lo aver divinato come fossero eglino istessi che
avevano rasentato le ruine di San Savino, nella tremenda notte in cui
egli faceva ricerca del proprio padre; in seconda, le indicazioni di
Pellegrino di Leuthen, udite ripetere durante il suo soggiorno alla
rôcca, secondo le quali designavasi Castel Canafurone siccome il
luogo de’ loro convegni.
Rimontò, quindi, il corso della Nure, costeggiandone la ripa sino a
Cogno San Savino, poi — divergendo alla propria destra traverso i
ricchi pascoli di Vediceto e Mareto — guadò le sorgenti della Lobbia
e si lanciò su gli aspri pinacoli di monte Acereto, che — frammezzo i
bruni cespugli di lichene islandico onde si rivestono i suoi versanti
meridionali tra Metteglia e Ciregna — lo condussero alla mèta della
sua escursione.
Ma — al paro della rôcca di Camia — anche Castel Canafurone era
muto e deserto.
S’aggirò allora pe’ dintorni, spingendosi — da un lato — su le rive
della Trebbia sino alla stradicciuola bordata dal narcotico giusquiamo
che mena a quella chiesetta dell’Ozzola che Lanfranco da Parma
arricchì poi de’ tesori del suo pennello; — dall’altro — fra le nude
rocce, e gli sfiancati burroni delle Ferriere, alle falde di Monte Nero,
al Roccone dell’Orso e, su su, sino a Cassimoreno, dove nidificano le
aquile e si rintanano i lupi.
Ma tutto inutilmente.
La natura selvaggia di quelle inospiti regioni pareva aver cacciato in
bando gli uomini, che pure, su quegli alti cacumi, avrebbero dovuto
credere d’essere tanto più vicini a Dio. — Ma forse è legge che
l’uomo cerchi sempre di allontanarsene.
Nella lunga sua corsa, il gigante non s’era imbattuto che in pochi
villani nessuno de’ quali aveva saputo rispondere alle sue domande.
Solo — mentre rifaceva la sua via a capo chino come il segugio
quando ha smarrito la pesta del selvaggiume — una vecchia comare,
che saliva dalla pianura, potè dargli qualche vago indizio de’ Nicelli
che — diceva lei — da parecchi giorni tenevano in isgomento e
mettevano a soquadro tutta quanta la valle. — Un navichiero della
Nure le aveva narrato molte brutte faccende di loro e che si
trovavano tutti insino all’ultimo raccolti ed accampati ne’ pressi di
San Giovanni di Bettola.
Terremoto non chiedeva di più.
Ripigliò la strada tra le gambe e ridiscese frettoloso al piano.
Ma, nel lungo e faticoso suo viaggio, aveva sciupato la massima
parte della giornata; poi — a Cogno San Bassano — s’era dovuto
arrestare a refocilarsi in una grama tavernaccia, chè si sentiva
affiochire di fame; per cui, quando girò di nuovo intorno intorno alla
rôcca di Camia, per recarsi a Borgo San Bernardino; la notte era
scesa da più ore.
Più s’accostava al punto, dove — secondo altre notizie raccolte nella
taverna — aveva ragione di supporre che si trovassero radunati i
nicelleschi; e più un malessere indefinibile, una malinconia profonda
s’impadroniva di lui.
Era stanchezza?... era quella misteriosa sospensione dell’animo, che
ingombra quasi sempre chi si trova nottivago per le campagne
deserte e silenti?... era presentimento di non lontana sciagura?
Chissà!
Il dabben Terremoto mancava del necessario spirito di analisi non
che per spiegare, per dimandare a sè stesso le recondite cagioni di
quel suo strano turbamento.
Procedeva lento insieme ed ansioso: lento, perchè una voce intuitiva
del core, lo avvertiva che, alla meta delle sue perlustrazioni, lo
attendeva qualche terribile colpo; ansioso, perchè lo premeva il
desiderio vivissimo di uscire dalla febrile incertezza che lo divorava.
Guadata la Nure, senza ricorrere a navalestri, e prima ancora che
toccasse Borgo San Bernardino, intravide lontan lontano come due
occhi di brage scintillanti nella notte, che rompevano funestamente
le tenebre con sprazzi di luce fumigosa e sanguigna.
Que’ sinistri fulgori assorbivano tutta la sua attenzione. Egli vi tenne
fiso immobilmente lo sguardo come un giorno su l’orsa minore il
navigatore fenicio. Non badò più ad altro e — raddoppiando il passo
— tirò via per scorciatoie, traverso rigagnoli, stoppie e malafitte.
Man mano si avvicinava e — al chiarore di quei due fuochi, che
spandevano in giro come una nebia luminosa — una scena
spaventevole e ributtante gli si parava inanzi agli occhi.
Tra que’ due punti infiammati, che altro non erano chè torce a vento,
s’ergeva una rozza croce formata di un giovine faggio sfogliato e
sbroccato nel luogo istesso in cui metteva radice, orizontalmente al
quale era stato confitto per lo mezzo un grosso ramo di abete.
Da quella croce pendeva un corpo umano, anzi un cadavere, un
lurido e schifoso cadavere d’uomo.
Col respiro strozzato tra le fauci, gli occhi smisuratamente sbarrati, le
gambe vacillanti; Terremoto gli si accostò da vantaggio, si sollevò su
la punta de’ piedi, protese inanzi il collo ed — acuendo le proprie
facoltà visive — affisò a lungo quel cadavere in volto.
Riconoscerlo, impossibile, tanto era sformato.
Lo indovinò.
Era il cadavere del suo signore, di Giovanni il Grosso conte di Camia.
Gli sgherri del Monte Ochino — eseguendo gli ordini scellerati del
loro capitano — avevano fatto subire al misero vegliardo tutti que’
tormenti che la feroce civiltà de’ tempi fornisse di più doloroso.
L’atroce tortura durò dalle prime ore del mattino sino al cader della
notte.
Di tratto in tratto, il conte di Monte Ochino, si appressava al paziente
e con tono misto di minaccia e di scherno:
— Vuoi tu confessarmi alla per fine dov’hai celato quel còfano? — gli
susurrava all’orecchio.
— Mai! mai! — gli rispondeva invariabilmente il paziente.
E i tormenti ricominciavano.
In ultimo, quand’ebbero esaurito tutti que’ raffinamenti della ferocia
che il fanatismo, l’esaltamento dell’odio avesse potuto suggerire a
quell’orda scatenata di demoni, il Monte Ochino commise loro di
preparare una croce.
Fu presto fatto.
Lo sciagurato Camia, spoglio d’ogni indumento e rizzato in alto a
forza di braccia, venne chiovato su que’ legni conserti per le due
mani ed i piedi.
Egli s’accasciò giù penzolone, boccheggiante, spirante.
Il capo de’ Nicelli volle tentare anco una volta la prova e gli ripetè la
dimanda del còfano.
— Mai! — gemè di nuovo il vegliardo.
— E tu muori come un cane, dannato che sei! — urlò il suo
implacabile nemico.
E fece un cenno a’ suoi sgherri.
A quel cenno, due di costoro s’avventarono sul corpo livido e
mutilato del crocefisso e, con un largo coltello da caccia, fattagli una
profonda incisione sul sommo del capo, cominciarono a strappargli
dalle carni la pelle.
Un’ora dopo, l’infelice era scuoiato vivo sino alla cintola.
A un ultima stratta, die’ un tremito convulso di ribrezzo in tutte le
fibre e... spirò.
Una orrenda bestemmia de’ suoi tormentatori accompagnò l’estremo
suo anelito.
Que’ sanguinari — inebriati dallo istesso scempio che avevano
menato sì nefandamente di lui — sentivano, con rabbia, sfuggire
dalle palpitanti e dilaniate sue membra quel soffio animatore che,
sino a quel punto, avea loro servito per noverarne, misurarne,
assaporarne le inenarrabili sofferenze.
Il loro còmpito da macellaio veniva interrotto dall’angelo della morte.
E ne provavano dispetto.
Il Monte Ochino confisse allora sul tronco del faggio patibolare una
larga scheggia di legno, su la quale — con lo istesso sangue della
sua vittima — vergate le seguenti parole:
A QUANTI ANCORA RESPIRANO DE’ CAMIA
MEDESIMO FINE.
I NICELLI.
Quindi si dileguarono tutti, lasciando sul luogo le due torce accese a
rischiarare il teatro della loro carneficina.
Mentr’essi pigliavano a settentrione, Stefanaccio il navichiere, che —
accovacciato su la riva del Barbarone, aveva assistito alla strage ed
alla crudele agonia del suo sàntolo e signore — prese pel lato
opposto e si ridusse fremendo a cercare un po’ di calma e di riposo
nel fondo di uno de’ suoi burchielli.
Poco stette a sovraggiungere Terremoto.
La leggenda infitta a piè della croce che il chiarore delle torce gli
permise di decifrare, gli cacciò nell’animo uno spaventoso sospetto.
Che anche Bianca fosse così minacciata?
Laonde non indugiò guari a retrocedere ed a restituirsi alla sua
capanna.
Sospirando, singhiozzando e senza quei riguardosi preamboli che la
situazione della sventurata giovinetta avrebbe richiesto, ma che la
scarsa retorica non gli consentiva; le annunziò il miserando fine
dell’avolo suo e quali pericoli sovrastassero a lei stessa.
Nella piena del proprio dolore, Bianca dichiarava esser pronta a
sfidarli, ad affrontarli.
Ma Neruccio, con le sue vive ed amorevoli istanze, i due Rinolfo, coi
rispettosi consigli, giunsero a rimuoverla dal disperato proponimento.
Terremoto si proponeva di guidarla in salvo.
Da due giorni ed ormai quasi due notti, e’ non s’era preso un attimo
di sonno o di requie. Ma era di ferro.
Egli l’avrebbe menata presso i signori di Santafiora, amici dell’avolo
suo e suoi naturali difensori.
Bianca esitò ancora un poco; volle opporre qualche altra obiezione;
ma finì per lasciarsi persuadere ed accondiscendere. E, nella istessa
notte, con la scorta del suo fido vassallo, lasciando Neruccio affidato
alle cure del vecchio Rinolfo, partì pedestre dal casolare della
Chiappa per alla volta di Castell’Arquato.
NOTA.
Cittadini placentini.
Datum in Plac: alli 8 di agosto 1539.
Dicta die in sero publicatum fuit suprascriptum Bannum ad petram
Arrengheriae novæ Communis Placentiæ per Andream Fasollum
tubatorem alta voce et sono tubarum.
Capitolo XVI.
Un figlio di Papa.