Scientific basis
Smoke Detector
MQ-2 is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor(MOS)type of gas sensor, also known as
chemiresistor. Chemiresistor is a material which changes its electrical
resistance as a response to changes in the nearby environment. Sensors
made from metal oxides require high temperatures (200 °C or higher) to
operate because, in order for the resistivity to change, an activation energy
must be overcome, thus leading us to the conclusion of MQ-2 being more
efficient where there is risk of fast flaming fire, as the high temperature will
be reached in shorter amount of time(O. Asif et al,2014).In our case, MQ-2
sensor’s resistance changes when smoke or flammable gases are present. It
requires5V DC power supplyand drawsabout 800mWof power.
Besidethesmoke, it can also detect Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), alcohol,
butane, propane, hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide concentrations
from 200 to 10 thousand ppm(Last Minute Engineer, 2024). This method of
detection can detect fires that begin with long duration of smoldering
[Link] smoke detectors respondfrom15 to 50 minutes faster than
ionization alarms in early stages of fire. Ionization alarms use radiation to
detect smoke(D. Malain, and P. Kanchana, 2019). The sensitivity curve of MQ-
2 sensor for different gases is shown in Fig. 1.
Fire Detector
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FLAME SENSOR
By AdnanA61 in CircuitsArduino
1,6001
Introduction: FLAME SENSOR
Flame sensor
It is a device or electronic system designed to sense the presence of fire
flames. These types of sensors are primarily utilized in locations where fire-
related tasks are carried out. These sensors are connected to various
microcontrollers and components for emergency situations. Nowadays,
almost every household and workplace is equipped with such sensors for fire
detection. There are more sophisticated iterations of these sensors that can
also be found in use in the market. I am using the basic and readily available
sensor on the market, which is made up of LM393 IC, a photo transistor, an
infrared receiver LED, and a variable resistor for adjusting the sensor’s range
values before sending them to the micro-controller. The sensor also includes
an onboard power LED and a status LED that blinks when fire is detected.
The black-colored photo receiver LED detects light in the infrared spectrum
with wavelengths between 760nm and 1100nm. The sensor’s field of view is
60 degrees with a safety range of 100cm(AdnanA61, 2019).
