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Difference Between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform

Difference between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform

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Shahukar Khan
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126 views

Difference Between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform

Difference between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform

Uploaded by

Shahukar Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Difference between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform

Differences Signals and Systems Digital Electronics

In engineering analysis, a complex mathematically modelled physical system is converted into a


simpler, solvable model by employing an integral transform. Once the model is solved, the inverse
integral transform is used to provide the solution in the original form.

There are two most commonly used integral transforms namely – Laplace Transform and Fourier
Transform. In both these transforms, a physical system represented in differential equations is
converted into algebraic equations or in easily solvable differential equations of lower degree. Thus,
Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform make the problem easier to solve.

In this article, we will learn the important differences between Laplace Transform and Fourier
Transform. Let's start with some basics so that it becomes easier to understand the differences
between them.

What is Laplace Transform?


The Laplace Transform is a mathematical tool which is used to convert the differential equations
representing a linear time invariant system in time domain into algebraic equations in the frequency
domain.

Mathematically, the Laplace transform of a time domain function x ( t ) is defined as −


∞
L [x (t)] = X (s) = ∫ x (t) e−st dt
−∞

Where, s is a complex variable and it is given by,

s = σ + jω

The operator L is called the Laplace transform operator which transforms the time domain function
x ( t ) into the frequency domain function X ( s ).
What is Fourier Transform?
Fourier Transform is a transformation technique which transforms signals from continuoustime
domain to the corresponding frequency domain and vice-versa. Mathematically, the Fourier
transform of a continuous-time signal x ( t ) is defined as −
∞
F [x (t)] = X (ω) = ∫ x (t) e−j ω t dt
−∞

Hence, the Fourier Transform is used to analyze a function in frequency domain. However, the
Fourier Transform is only defined for functions that are defined for all real numbers. Also, it cannot
be used to analyze unstable systems.

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Difference between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform


The following table highlights the major differences between Laplace Transform and Fourier
Transform −

Laplace Transform Fourier Transform

The Laplace transform of a function x(t) can


The Fourier transform of a function x(t) can be
be represented as a continuous sum of
represented by a continuous sum of exponential
complex exponential damped waves of the
functions of the form of ejωt.
form est.

The Laplace transform is applied for solving The Fourier transform is also applied for solving
the differential equations that relate the input the differential equations that relate the input
and output of a system. and output of a system.

The Laplace transform can be used to analyze Fourier transform cannot be used to analyze
unstable systems. unstable systems.

Laplace Transform does not require that the


Fourier Transform is only defined for functions
function is defined for a set of negative real
that are defined for all real numbers.
numbers.

On the other hand, it is not always true that


Laplace transform exists for every function
every function with a Laplace Transform has a
with a Fourier Transform.
Fourier Transformer.
The Laplace transform is widely used for
The Fourier transform is rarely used for solving
solving differential equations since the
the differential equations since the Fourier
Laplace transform exists even for the signals
transform does not exists for many signals. For
for which the Fourier transform does not
example |x(t)| as it is not absolutely integrable.
exist.

The Laplace transform has a convergence The Fourier transform does not have any
factor and hence it is more general. convergence factor.

The Laplace transform of a signal x(t) is The Fourier transform is equivalent to the
equivalent to the Fourier transform of the Laplace transform evaluated along the imaginary
signal x(t)e-σt. axis of the s-plane.

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Conclusion
The most significant difference between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform is that the Laplace
Transform converts a time-domain function into an s-domain function, while the Fourier Transform
converts a time-domain function into a frequency-domain function. Also, the Fourier Transform is
only defined for functions that are defined for all real numbers, but the Laplace Transform does not
require that the function is defined for a set of negative real numbers.

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