Shivnagar Vidya Prasarak Mandal’s

Microproject Report

Micro project Report Submitted for partial fulfillment of course objectives as

prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Title of Microproject : MCB

Name of the course: Third Year Diploma in Electrical Engineering
Course Code: EE-5-I
Academic Year & Semester: 2024-2025 (Semester-5)

Name of the Subject :Switchgear & Protection

MSBTE Subject code: 22420

Micro-project Participants (Student Group) :

Sr. Roll Enrollment Number Exam. Seat Full Name of student
No. Number Number
1 205 2200380275 Kamble Om Arun
2 216 2200380220 Pavhane Aditya Appasaheb
3 2200380195 Pawar Omkar Shekhar
4 23210910343 Kadam Prathmesh Bhauso

Prof.R.J.Randhwan Prof.S.H.Kadam Principal

Guide H.O.D

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
Microproject
Academic Year: 2024-2025
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (MSBTE)
Bandra(East), MUMBAI-400051.

CERIFICATE

This is to certify that following students studying in Third year Diploma in

Electrical Engineering, Semester-5, in the Institute Shivnagar Vidya Prasarak
Mandal’s INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, At/Post-
Malegaon(Bk), Taluka-Baramati, District-Pune (Msbte Institute Code: 0038) has
completed the Microproject statisfactorily as partial fulfillment of the course
objectives for the subject of Switchgear & Protection for the academic year 2024-
2025 as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum.

Mi-project Participants (Student Group) :

Sr. Roll Enrollment Exam. Full Name of student
No. Number Number Seat
Number
1 205 2200380275 Kamble Om Arun
2 216 2200380220 Pavhane Aditya
3 2200380195 Pawar Omkar Shekhar
R 23210910343 Kadam Prathmesh Bhauso

Place: Malegaon(Bk).
Date:

Prof.R.J.Randhwan Prof.S.H.Kadam Dr.

Guide H.O.D. Principal

2
 ANNEXTURE-II
Evaluation Sheet for Micro Project

Academic Year: 2024-2025 Name of faculty:Prof. .R.J.Randhwan

YearDiploma In Electrical Engg. Course-Second year CourseCode: EE-5-I Semester-

Title of Micro Project: MCB(Miniature Circuit Breker)

COs addressed by the Micro-project :

A.………………………………………………………………………………………………
B.………………………………………………………………………………………………
C.………………………………………………………………………………………………
D.………………………………………………………………………………………………
Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project
a) Practical Outcomes:…………………………………………………............................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain:…………………………………………………........
……………………………………………………………………………………
………
c) Outcomes in Affective domain: ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Comments / Suggestions about term work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………… ……………………………………………………...

Roll Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total
No. performance in performance in Marks
group activity (D5 oral/presentation out of
Col.8) (D5 Col.9) 10
237 Kamable Om Arun
265 Pavhane Aditya Appasaheb
205 Pawar Omkar Shekhar
216 Kadam Prathmesh Bhauso

Prof. .R.J.Randhwan
(Name & Signature of Faculty)

3
 Name of faculty: Prof. .R.J.Randhwan
Course: SeconThird Year Diploma In Electrical
Engg. Course Code: EE-5-I Semester-5

Title of Micro Project: MCB

INDEX

Sr Title Page No.

No.
01 Introduction 05

02 Construction Of 06
MCB
03 Working Of MCB 09

04 sss 08

4
 INTRODUCTION
Miniature Circuit Breaker (M.C.B) is a precision electromagnetic
device which is fast replacing the conventional main
switch and fuse units used in the control of electric
supply. With the use of MCB no replacement of blown fuse
is required and the risk of connecting wrong size of fuse
wire eliminated It operates automatically and opens the
circuit in case of electric overload or short circut. There is
no permanent deformation and it can be safely switched
on again manually. Because of its precise calibration it is
much more reliable than the rewireable fuse. It thereby
effectively protects the electrical wiring and equipment.
The MCBs are employed in many commercial/industrial
establishments, hotels, theatres, houses etc. Thae use of
MCBs saves the sophisticated equipments like T.V. Air,
Conditioner, Refrigerator, Heating appliance etc. from short
circut and voltage fluctuation. These are finding vase use in
domestic sector as protective device.
5
 MCB(Miniature Circuit Breaker)
Construction Of MCB

The above figure shows dismantle parts of MCB

1. Frame/Enclosure
Material: Usually made from heat-resistant, insulated plastic.
Function: Houses and protects all internal
components. It also serves to prevent electrical
shock.

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2. Operating Mechanism
Handle/Lever: This external component is used to
manually connected to the internal mechanism that
either connects or
disconnects the circuit.turn the MCB “ON” or “OFF.” It is
connected to the internal mechanism that either
connects or disconnects the circuit.
Trip Mechanism: Automatically trips the circuit when a fault
is
detected. This is designed to disconnect the circuit without
manual intervention.

3. Bimetallic Strip (Thermal Protection)

Material: Two metals with different thermal expansion
coefficients are bonded together.
Function: When an overload occurs (excess current flow),
the strip heats up and bends due to the differing
expansion rates of the two metals. This triggers the trip
mechanism and disconnects the circuit. This process
provides thermal protection for slow overloads.

4. Electromagnetic Coil (Magnetic Protection)

Material: A copper wire coil wound around a core.
Function: When a short circuit or very high current
flows through the circuit, the magnetic field produced by
the coil becomes strong enough to pull a plunger,
instantly tripping the breaker. This offers magnetic
protection for fast fault conditions like short circuits.
7
5. Contacts
Material: Typically made of copper or a copper alloy
with a silver coating for better conductivity and
resistance to arcing.
Function: These are the points where the electrical
connection is made when the MCB is in the “ON”
position. During a fault, the
contacts separate to break the circuit.

6. Arc Chamber
Material: The arc chamber is made of metal plates,
usually steel, which are ferromagnetic and attract the
arc.
Function: The arc chamber splits the arc into smaller arcs
until the voltage is no longer high enough to sustain
them, and they
extinguish.

7. Terminal Connectors
Material: Metal clamps or screws, typically made of
copper or brass.
Function: Provide the connection points for the incoming
and
outgoing wires. These ensure secure and low-resistance
connections to the external circuit.

8. Tripping Lever or Latch

Function: This is part of the tripping mechanism. Once
activated by either the bimetallic strip (thermal) or the
electromagnetic coil
(magnetic), the latch releases the contacts, breaking the
circuit.
8
Working of MCB
Under normal conditions:-
Under normal working condition,an MCB operates as a
manual switch to turn the circuit ON or OFF. In the event of
an overload or short circuit, it automatically trips to
interrupt the current flow in the load circuit.
The visual indication of this trip can be observed by the
automatic movement of the operating knob to the OFF
position. This automatic operation in an MCB can be
achieved in two ways, as we have seen in MCB
construction: magnetic tripping and thermal tripping.
9
Under Short Circuit Condition:-
Under short circuit or heavy overload conditions, the
magnetic tripping arrangement comes into play. During
normal working
conditions, the slug is held in position by a light spring
because the magnetic field generated by the coil is not
sufficient to attract the latch.
When a fault current flows, the magnetic field generated
by the coil becomes strong enough to overcome the
spring force holding the slug in position. Consequently,
the slug moves and actuates the tripping mechanism.
Most miniature circuit breakers implement a
combination of both magnetic and thermal tripping
mechanisms. In both magnetic and thermal tripping
operations, an arc is formed when the contacts
start separating. This arc is then directed into arc splitter
plates via an arc runner.
These arc splitter plates, also called arc chutes, transform
the arc into a series of arcs while simultaneously
extracting and cooling its energy. This arrangement
ensures effective arc extinction.
10
Advantages Of MCB
1. Automatic tripping: Quickly cuts power during
faults.
2. Reusability: Easily reset after tripping, no
replacement needed.
3. Fast response: Trips within milliseconds
during short circuits.
4. Low maintenance: No fuse replacement, just
reset.
5. Prevents overheating: Avoids risks of
fire from overheating wires.

Disadvantages Of MCB
1. Higher cost: More expensive than fuses.
2. Limited capacity: Not suitable for very
high current applications.
3. Less flexible in fault tolerance: Fixed
tripping limits can’t be easily adjusted.
4. Voltage limitation: Not suitable for very
high voltage applications.
5. Slower for small overloads: May trip
slower than fuses for minor overloads.
12
Application Of MCB
1. Residential circuits: Protect home
wiring from overloads and short circuits.
2. Commercial buildings: Used in offices for
electrical safety.
3. Industrial plants: Protect machinery and
equipment from faults.
4. Lighting circuits: Prevents overloading in
lighting systems.
5. Data centers: Protects sensitive electronic
equipment.
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