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Well Test - Boundary - 1 Week 08

Well Test - Boundary

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Abbas Alkhudafi
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18 views

Well Test - Boundary - 1 Week 08

Well Test - Boundary

Uploaded by

Abbas Alkhudafi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Well Test Interpretation

SKM4323

RESERVOIR BOUNDARIES

Azmi Mohd Arshad


Department of Petroleum Engineering
WEEK 08
LINEAR SEALING FAULTS
Description
Description…/2

The boundary condition corresponding to a linear fault


is the linear no‐flow boundary.
The Method of Images
• A no‐flow line at a distance, d, from the well is
obtained analytically with the method of images by
superposing:
– the pressure drop at the well in an infinite acting
reservoir;
– the pressure drop due to an identical well with the same
flow rate history located at a distance, 2d, from the well
and symmetric to the boundary.
The Method of Images…/2
The Method of Images…/3
• In the presence of a no flow boundary, the
pressure at the well is expressed by:

p D = p D (t D , rD = 1, S) + p D (t D , 2rD , 0) (7.1)

Pressure drop Pressure drop due


at the well to the image well

Where rD = d/rw is the distance from the linear


sealing fault to the well in dimensionless
variables.
Conventional Interpretation Method
• If the test is long enough, the fault appears as a straight line
with a slope double that of the initial one.
• The property can be seen both in drawdown and buildup.
Conventional Interpretation Method…/2

• Let ti be the time when the straight lines with a


slope of m and 2m intersect. The distance, d, from
the well to the fault is determined by:

kt i
d = 0.012 (in practical US units) (4.35)
φ μc t

• For this method to be applicable, the double slope


straight line must be reached.
Conventional Interpretation Method…/3
• In buildup, whatever the flow rate history, the first semi‐log
straight line can be extrapolated to infinite time (i.e.
(tp+Δt)/Δt =1 on a Horner plot) to determine the
extrapolated pressure p*. It is used in the MBH method to
calculate the average reservoir pressure.

• During the initial tests, the second semi‐log straight line


(with a slope of 2m) is extrapolated to determine the initial
reservoir pressure, pi, when only one no‐flow boundary has
been perceived by the test.
Type Curves: The Derivative
• The semi‐log straight line is characterized on the
log‐log plot pD versus tD/CD by a stabilization of the
derivative at 0.5, that represents the value of the
slope of the semi‐log straight line in dimensionless
terms.
• The doubling of the slope characteristics of the
fault is characterized on the derivative by a
doubling of the level of the derivative. It goes from
0.5 to 1 on a dimensionless graph.
Type Curves: The Derivative…/2
Type Curves: The Derivative…/3
• The time when the derivative leaves the first
stabilization can be used to determine the radius of
investigation of the test corresponding to the time
when the compressible zone reaches the fault.

• Determination in this way is more accurate than


the result obtained by the conventional method.
Example 11

(In‐class workshop)
‐ Linear sealing faults ‐
CHANNELS
Description of Flows
• The boundary condition dealt with under the term
“channels” corresponds to two infinite parallel no‐
flow linear boundaries.
Conventional Interpretation Method
Conventional Interpretation Method…/2

• Determination of the width of the channel is based


on the straight line obtained by plotting the
pressure drop versus the square root of time.
• The width of the channel can be determined by:

8.13 qB μ
w= (in practical US units) (8.7)
hm k φ ct
Type Curves: The Derivative

Infinite channel
Type Curves: The Derivative…/2

Bounded channel
Example 12

(In‐class workshop)
‐ Channels ‐
INTERSECTING FAULTS
Description
• During a test two intersecting no‐flow boundaries, fault for
example, can be perceived.
• The distance from the well to each one of them can be
characterized by conventional methods and by using the
pressure derivative.
Conventional Analysis
• The presence of two intersecting no‐flow
boundaries may be felt by the transition from an
initial m‐slope semi‐log straight line to a second one
with a slope of 2πm/θ (θ in radians).
• If the well is located closer to one of the boundaries
than the other, a straight line with a slope of 2m
may come before the transition to the one with a
slope of 2πm/θ.
Conventional Analysis…/2
Conventional Analysis…/3
• The angle between the two boundaries is characterized
by the ratio of slopes of the two semi‐log straight lines:

m1
θ = 2π
m2
• The distance from the well to the closer boundary can be
characterized by the radius of investigation of the test at
the time when the boundary is perceived at the well
Conventional Analysis…/4
• Most of the time it is necessary to match the
pressure and the pressure derivative data with a
well test analytical model to determine the
distance from the well to the farther boundary
more precisely.
• In buildup the extrapolated pressure p* is read on
the first semi‐log straight line at infinite Δt.
• During initial tests, the initial pressure can be read
on the second semi‐log straight line (the one with
the slope of 2πm/θ) at infinite Δt.
Type Curves: The Derivative
• The presence of two faults with an angle q
between them is characterized by the pressure
derivative going from an initial stabilization at 0.5
to a second one at π/θ (θ in radians) on a
dimensionless log‐log plot.
• The smaller q, the longer it takes to reach the
second stabilization.
• A stabilization at 1 (1 boundary) may become
before the stabilization at π/θ if the well is located
much closer to one of the boundaries than the
other.
Type Curves: The Derivative…/2
Type Curves: The Derivative…/3
• When the angle is very small, the two faults can be
considered as practically parallel: they behave like
a channel.
• The transition between the stabilization at 0.5 and
the one at π/θ corresponds to a quasi‐linear flow
with the derivative increasing as a ½ slope straight
line.
Type Curves: The Derivative…/4
References
1. Bourdarot, Gilles : Well Testing: Interpretation
Methods, Éditions Technip, 1998.
2. Internet.

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