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05 Decorator

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13 views

05 Decorator

Uploaded by

mirabeymi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Decorator Design Pattern

Decorating our classes at runtime


using a form of object composition

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Decorator Pattern
A structural design pattern that lets you attach new behaviors to
objects by placing these objects inside special wrapper objects that
contain the behaviors.
Decorator Pattern
Welcome to our coffee

They first designed their classes like this… However,


Class explosion due to inheritance

Each class has to write its own cost() method….


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Beverage class add instance variables to represent whether or not
each beverage has milk, soy, mocha and whip... 6
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Decorator Pattern

Our goal is to allow classes to be easily extended to


incorporate new behavior without modifying existing code.

What do we get if we accomplish this?

Designs that are flexible to change and flexible enough to


take on new functionality to meet changing requirements.

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Constructing a drink order with Decorators
Constructing a drink order with Decorators
Computing the cost

We do this by calling cost() on the outermost decorator, Whip, and


Whip is going to delegate computing the cost to the objects it
decorates.
Once it gets a cost, it will add on the cost of the Whip.
The decorator pattern

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Decorator Pattern

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Decorating our beverages
Code of the Decorator

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Coding beverages

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Coding condiments (tastes)

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Running the code

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Another Example

a Shape interface and concrete classes implementing the Shape interface.

create an abstract decorator class ShapeDecorator implementing the Shape interface


and having Shape object as its instance variable.

RedShapeDecorator is concrete class implementing ShapeDecorator.


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Demo class will use RedShapeDecorator to decorate Shape objects.
Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Decorator Pattern
Pros
Extending an object’s behavior without making a new subclass.
• You can add or remove responsibilities from an object at runtime.
• You can combine several behaviors by wrapping an object into
multiple decorators.
• Single Responsibility Principle. You can divide a monolithic class that
implements many possible variants of behavior into several smaller
classes.

Cons
• Hard to remove a specific wrapper from the wrappers stack.
• Hard to implement a decorator in such a way that its behavior
doesn’t depend on the order in the decorators stack.
Class diagram for Decorator Pattern
(unity example)
When to use the Decorator pattern

• We need to attach multiple attachments to a weapon.


• We need to be able to add and remove them at runtime.

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Attachments that the player could buy

Injector: amplifies the weapon's


damage capacity.
Stabilizer: reduces vibrations caused
when the bike hits its top speed.
Cooler: It enhances the rate of fire
and reduces the cool-down duration.
Implementing the weapon system

BikeWeapon class
BikeWeapon class
BikeWeapon class

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Weapon class

This is the object we will


decorate with attachments.

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Testing the weapon system
Screenshot of the code example in action inside Unity

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BikeWeapon component properties

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