= at Taw jor ‘Dnverse H-T- i a 2 a). X(t) 7 Borie Tass, Evaluati, mie Ly 2) az], qe tial frm Evaluating the Fry, lone WL t-t © Ar Mathematical basis Analigzing 8 designing Prom depinitson. » 2) + Convolution o; Fray § Selective Fitters” Ut) With time be (He) $ Lys Seporation of Aigrals onthe basinog — «* 40) = a) * 1 —+@ bev one T. Convolution 2 tm Time Rowan ts Another Method > Sepavati Feaell du Proy domain bored on phase eaacving SPT Geng = xf) fT Froy domain. 8. HT Time dowain g ik. | TT, phase angle o) allthe Components —, Le @ ofven veal stipes byt 90 ne 94 40> RU) = x4). isan @] 5. 8) = egnet)-xee) 3 @ PS te ~isynct) nt) nt) RE) Ty py Aa) Thu Port deviceree Tho Port device + Produnce phate ange — 40" sow aut positive her 5 ip Sigval. 490 Jor all wegabive prey \A@] G Pompitnde O Phase. —r Genrvatéon o: modulation. +s represent the bandpaw Liguas Mathewabieally.. single ede Band (658) Hitbert Tramsporm Fale® Tine Function. Hilbert “Trans gre? ante) Co (8% fet) —> ante) gi0 (2% fet) ate) Bin(2nSet) —> Tce) 2% Cnee Kiet) gin(erfet aoe cos OMY ] Sin(afet) : Sint ip ORE t 1 $e ——* me l 1 we Tee a HED caObtain the HiLbert Transorm ai -jonft de O©aew=€ : o eee = USAFE) -fSineAG = 4-% ; AW = OMet-Z) cate feo = ot ates j sto antt-B) Fes (xp-antel] ate e = C8[-(- jeie (G2 Nf8) . = CST Mia~anket] (8 (%a-6) = CC -ante)] gio E v 8 CR /,-anted +4 gin (R/a725¥t) Sino i j x ft) gint-e)-¥ -Sine Sin (oafe +] 668 Sin(Kfr®) > be © Ak) = Bante + Sin anfe Sinet] ose “ J [cose -3 sino] RED = Oh (ONE) 4 Sin Gxfe-RY rae = asl: (Ma-ante)]|t inf. Geant] ie’ = Cb (he ante) ~ Sin (/-anfe) R&® = Sin (xft)- OS GFE)Froperties 0} Hilbest. Transjorm 5 LAI—+> dhumed tr be heal Valued i; Provertyy 32 A sigmal ace) ofp its HT. Als - Bre ovthagonal Over entive time (= 0, 00) Property Asipyal awe) $itk HE Bow tical Ce —— have the Aame anagnetnde Apectrum. Ix@t= seed oe WK-T Q(t) = -SSgnce) xe) (rev Ratt = (Kee) RENAE. [8] = |-isgnce eee] ~ Ie) = [xwI one : hee (yey 2 wide <0 -é -* ss ljeiney}e) bat Kee 1 Spe Gd x4) Heats then 8C4) =] Sgn CO¥CO att? i = [SEnG XCF) popete 2. Ty 2H) ds HT. of 28) then = i$ Het. of Rey os -x0e) (reo Atoae= fe Ut) J Syne) x4) dt = -0 ta) [HT] AO Tay -4@) . [Pissnce Lavoe. HTXWT 2y ~) Smt) x -iSEn(z) -% eleven El serie. Senet) Seng) — eddyun [XC a 9, . Integration oy am Oded sun over the t fos <* tom will be =} "ZERO" HT. Ze) dh = z eet} Sama dt =ore Envelopa : HUE EERE) | + © jet “HO rh ae ontlope jor ve pany wed FT XC) = KODA § [isgmeay] xO = XU) + Sgnced x (4) XG) = XE) [14 Sgncey] 3@® +@ =~ OW @ amplitude pote 0} (ovo pous igual Pre envelope joe “vecgrayies Fess aa) +O Since} res “pee gt IN wf Utedle apeetran Qpreptttece sqestne ” te peryia. PT 2 Xf) = xced~4 [3 secey] xeh) 2%) -Bgnce) x6) XW) = : oe a +O ee > © Ampiitade bpechram OF Pre envelope 87 -ve prvi Procedure to pind Preenvelope > 1, determine the FAT x6F) 04 att) Q.Uke Ky e)= $783 fre 3 © $420 to find X4C#) 3. Evaluate TET 0 X4l) toComplex Envelope 0; Band- Pam Cophtede ain ola Signal 5 peepee eee ance EE, yc) + has a band o AN | /N a reyitS OF ‘OWS Centered about ar Saat roy “the Sb“ Band Pots Signal” repnla ofxcra Prev tfe => Band Pour @/ pak Orreeneiie | fe—y Gervier ev Eee hi inin Com pared tp Nk fats ad — ‘ wo) band width gd > Noro band sipelt ey Complex -y The pre envelope of Such a narrow envelope. /\ baud i nue) Pysith Ct6oF-T. we vt UF) Centered about broy t fe Gon i sige be gpven as, co [xa vot] 0 lle) —+ Complex envelope .eee te — 4 Canonical Representation of Band pat *% Rotation val eet poem Syokanks cy HED > Meo part 04 Pre envelope nt4(t), - ; an fads Re [ewe] —. o Beet . © Qradrasinse com; aa phator Gepresentati HED > Complex Value Grantite. ie - Sole cle f. KO) = HpW tI —+@ RS he ie LIE) £ XQ “ Nalued Lovepait wating eon @ , un Grout od form Os ote) = = A gC) GS an fet - H(t) Renter! & Sinarfet Coe hi L@ © muthiptt ation oy ian eve Lz) + bos ob Us Ni z In plate Componee ic ed ceaat By the igual. | B Ags) + Quodroturez= Re [ fugerr+) HQl4){ ote] = kyfjxs e454} 05 (28 ft) +] Stngxtet) = pel eau) of ertet) 45 rep w) Sin Contes) + Jog tt) & La tet)- QO gr srncorka)| ole) = Xp ts (2Akct) — Cat) gin (on Let) ___ aaa ple) F Xqctd—> lowpaw Liguo wi band United 10 -wefen —rThere Aipualt Gn be derived trom we. Aigual XL), at Rhown ty Let eb M(t) Ge (ante © Foes sa | a) Carte) {ER} age op mae) 2 —r Fig © shows the Cirusit to Gutourtruck KC) from %erct) & tact). er oe ce (sae oer t.t) + I+ xed a6 plese Abit Sin(antct) eo © Recoustrnctso greesUae penta 4 seat, Ap Fey 2 yA THD | 1s, Banpem, sus ae a axe) 5 20 LC) > Complex envelope A $ $O> teal valued lope pant = Pras ore] Boere] s fort Garvie ta Pater jer, the based pau Ai quel Gn be ented as, d. Natural Envelopes t) = alt) Cos | aAFt +P) = — [enter gos] acy | eco = |e] et) + Wodural a @ D envelopeds qulate Ot $ tz , XG bond peut $i ace> [acta ego Fo) + the phate angle of the Sipual. hg cey = : t petd= coat | SaSs Crars) + Three dip ferent envelopes 10 detowibe BP-s-ntce), 1. Prenenvelope meg te = ace (8 [ebtty] Pate fray peas eeo4] B00 | egw = att) Sin[p Cy] oe Dele) 34. Ft hing Sie Heo = = %00) 5 fe0 © theor : eae Ss Gonplex wpa dprsentation of Rawle System: Flpal Gee) is applied toa Unear time invariant ance) e HCE) + HM C£-fe) +O eee ri ree ne) Por eal valued Sipe HFCE) = HCE) NO Php g hacer Pardpans tmpwlie Marte BHI e-F aH) 5 fro —+@ hee) = Ny ce) wf (28 £t)-hg U) Sin(antct) OQ + he tomplex lowpas jr iDrespoure. tLe) +> Complex envelope HIG#D Oy Linear time Envarvent Slam canbe Ly tewpas r? Obtained Ing tad bawalpass prop tet pow! Wet) = hele) +3ha)—+@ ee pit pesibve Sx cies uy. Sin fi ; fo oritin & & / ne) tn terms 04 hte) 04, ego dk ere Compt tacte by hips Re [rie eaxte] —6 ioe ao HIG Y= Hyleyt e) nF lex Conj y a) —+ het, HIB) ry ample Cnjagarte opt Eye ‘Tween wy WD (nterms OF ple) @ intense ae ae wey = Re [cep ef Fe] ace S Eatee) JH] Md n@ 4 + Complex imputne dueronke Wie) aha = ice) eo Fy is yy gSamtet zt ae Take PT oK em@" @eylar Repeaentation of Batadpall aipnalt-g Sxptems > seeyah RE] + @ vwodulabed Sigal CO Umpulse Getpome 43, yC)= Rel Hee hee) Yo oe : Complex envelope of oP 00 = [horn ‘ode +O in tern eg plate & Cemponenth Oy yeags © th4qH : (Oke @- h Oey siguad ale) Q vol retare Prepnvetope ah, = (“ReLrgtes] Re Gece Oar] oe w py pos AT ee iu %gt) Fb pe [Shaler teente) S 24 nud= hy O# ep + hp Ok et Ref fi tere Fe alee). He Jon Fe(t-0), ,> s ae) at ~* Ref ebothet [h'cerateda) Le yore f*ny) 2 e-Pde ag)at Baseband Abapt img for Dato Frans’ Mion: anh Symbol in the menage: rDigtod data Can be trant mitted chirecs y Carvitr Aignal? Nithout ony modulation 0} Carries Spd, oa alae dgcieedulated by ‘An =F" Batebard gi Trav mi. Signal Traut mimion’. D+ amar duration allnwoed por Carrier pulte, > Digital date =) Various eta Elechiced por 5 ee pute, A+ tve amplitude ‘A’ Drm uname et O -y-ve amplitude *-A’ PEEY= 1 5 #0 Encoded Wavejorm =p tA’ OstE., 251 rThere Werpreseutotiont => Digital date |r 9¢e) + ry Woand Rigvod formats , otigtal (PAM) Signals @3'Line tod” Ht hetver nto + Sample at fired interval. Line Coder: > se betection” on fo higfied aiyal Pompe, +O if PEd=0 then 20+ Rice DPcm eke. - “Line Codes’ ae + rable to Sample xD When Piso ADIigiat Symobls, of (ED +r Sampled at C2nds nz0,t142. ae de = 8 att) = Z_ A, PCt-n9})} —_+@ - nels) eNeactoak tnterval =D" 3 e ter The atpualling Gate ret heses On Modulating. Amplitnde DEL gt, =© ° . t, Mag eecats Unipolar RZ 4 NRz: RZ-> Return tr zero t Oi i io | © NRZ~y Not Return ty zero ovipil 1 : 5 ; ez Tolar polarity uni-rone (He) Wavyorm will have Single polarity. i Unipolar RZ + To-r One bit olumahion. Symbol © —+ O + Complete “Th, eT LIT LPL. Symbol 1iwrAaAs bo Ym Perio ot 4 hemautog. Bperied+o Unipolar NOZ + S4mbol 0 +o Complete T Symbol +A Complete Tei Polav Rz|wRe , Bipolar Nez g spilt phate Manchester: ) -~ a OF Y + Polaw Ras Spntel > oo Polay nQ22 > BR symbol o-s— 8 57 o5% 5 = Symbol +t 5% 3 Seymbol dr aes 3 05 Ty Su ccenive 1s —> altetnahve polarities Symnbel'o > no pute. Spit phase Mouchester Spt pie Va Symbol t+ & 3 Thy “2 5 Tol. Symbol o> ~A THe Ay Tel.Baloce Quater abe, NRZ (Natal code) mg + Booped ty block 04 2 bits. Oo hla. 01> -Aln 10-> 4A)a. Itay BAB Gray Codes 43 bi $407 bOke meq Grasp code by be 00 7 eon, ot o iyo Ae lo 1-1 teh tt 1 0 4% vK suceenive bis dre pouped ss Symbol + ma es hed ™M = 8 symbols 00 0-+-A/g 00 1-+-5A/g 010 > -34/8 oll Ale poo Als [ol dA/¢ jlo Sls Lia oy tls Ws Bas oyeMeow. Line Code + K auccenive bits dre pouped Symbol + [=a exe hed Mz22=8 Syrabols 00 0-+-tA/g 00 1» -5kl8 010 -> -3A/8 oll “Ale poo Als | ol dA/8 pio —> 5Al8 tii o> Fly Ws 5/8 ‘Bh/s -Power Spectra OF Discrete PAM Sicwals + tone poem Simillax to Sine pulse + power Wee bj ves. (+) Lag a > Power above ae Vou, Small NRZ_bipolos Ferrmnak + pugesive 4's > pulses of alternati r Succonive di ire Seba. ngs sy Hence vio DC Component. —y Pulse Peak + Neat ee Power Us iuside (4 aE x a of oF Power above dis Vouy small. Raver Spectra 9} Various Pam _& Manchester Pormat . EN Sumbel + tve 4 “ve Pim plitude NRe Usdpeler Frrmat —y Hence wo DC Component. “7 Unipolar > +A —» Symbol 0" + power Wet tuside (35 = vol ie an é ye +> Width as aman pure + twice ok ower lies blw (1-) 2 po Other ak, e) + Lgeble pow Fi > Power Content above om ub Youy Amalt. aa inal ( a) . B Te). NRZ Polar format E > Weveporm —b both tVe 4 ve Amplitnde > Hente + Some De Valueusr] HPS Uineiesdes +[ooov 4 Boov)+ Special aeqnrnce. Ba Poe Fescalthoal™ High Ponte Bipolar Signal a } Bev are + —> Bipolar NRz > Sumbol 'o'-> 0'@) > Bipolar tule f Seq. 6 oie No tignal. oe Viblate Bi polar tule. + Problem fn Synchront zation. “e Boov-+ even not's are Uouring + Problem cb eleminated buy addi ae ae yeliowt eg J : an ad uo PULSES" When wp 0} ‘0 extends tay Se 000V— Crpeettl fegprnce. +1 N=3 => [A863] Ne a,d.ae. cept O10 01100001 011 ors Dope SACOTOTIOL oI po oN tode OL OOTLCOOVI1 OV 1 BIB OOVEOOVOOL OVI eLo LODO VI Bipslae NRZ 4Detection & Estimation + {nt ea Received sipal fad imate ™: Ve sea ° 2 Detector %_ Nectar” | & stim! Got ransacteel eae e Peston eetves| White gaussian Digtal Communiation. s)o Notte (AWaA) ~rRecoiver obtervers the heceived Sicual 4+ Ly nedulatoy Conabruths he somvegerm sice) determines ushich Sysnbo! voas, trantmitted, fromthe Sembol Si => Detection. xf Fray si + Receiver Gan ute the Injermation & Ete [siruode 5 tel arn-M. Geccived Sigal do extdue the Chiimater —¥ Sigvol dis Houtmitted over o. noisy oy Physical parameter > ESM maton.) Channel. 2 XW SeWO+ENW e mAGA HOES MM, myn y LIF Recetted andom procet. Probability PCr) L ae) +e Soample. % Ct) e heceived Sirol seg oy ~y De tector ———> Proceuas neces 2 8 > Nedtor si = S23 Produce Ae, sts} ©F1,2,3---M —“¥ Nector Heeniver-+Obtaln a8 A 4 Sin] herve NEM TY Error sh otickmi Fe = PCBs!)Geome Representabten ‘ meomene epraenker en 23 stgnal. Conpiser A’ ne af energy Sigal, BEDE F SC, $500, 8300 ooo Sat in terms og SN” Mo of ovthornal basis jun oe gee Tho, yt) ---= GyS Linear ‘elation siaip 6[% ere) & Qscr os, grad= Set eit Sisdat ---~- t Sten br) stwe= eon Sey 4 —+© a ea 0 ex pantion. wae 8 she) p> Coeg gras 7 ex= Vere ti > To the durabion oF Syme! 4, GY, G0 - bosib ¢T , oo tyiss j pe eng de = 465 tas : fo theyons! nae Gy lt) Ove ottthenorwel Exi- Too diarnentioval Stpual vetth three. Syerbol mea $ $285 nee o1 2, . grer= Ze SesW 47a) 5 C= L205 E> $5.00) Bt = EG tO # Saal Says Spero t Sin ba) Ba = Soret) HOF Sar $= 35.2 HO +8. pt) $a) at) bt) “HB nat er 2 gee fEn\2) s sse0-(ea ie] : 8,44, > pecpendioalor to eachother dy-dy-r Eucktbean Space, Fig > AP Euctidean spaceRelentenshtp behneer: Stal Enogy & OKT crepe of 4 Stal Bre) : é:= a s¢<2 +0 Bre (Teowde +5 = 2849 fer oe 2 a gs - zed = | sil) = S sy 40] fz, SiG ete] ae i 4Jdek o +See 5 38KEuolidean digtnnce » dix. =] g2-Sel] + 1 eels 2 Gos 5@ 4 br [apwae = ps OX [Isr -sell*= (ts tp 8] HE ® The dugle blo the te Vectors 78S, OS Ory, = $i"-Su Ysrll sel SriSe20 0, tuo Vettors Ore Aalid tobe ortaogonnteased easDaily: eee Ys rN eh rdhe EPICS eu) GsMother CaS (era SW as Corkelproy —> Cate Poy Tae Berea Dine ene Raton gaia) i te aah SOE DS iG)= Gee iE Oe) ree ! ch Crate ere te ell Wetec iV na Oh AG rele ae Pay Ona eee wey ax tee Matched FilteyDigitat Modulation Techniques * Digstal Covma OPhase shit k ope (PSK) 1s Base. banal trammission = tee edalates the phase of | 2 Pape band Hanwtssion.— @ Fay hig Kei (sk) Dipital Medulahton Digital dala modulates the Frey of [technique that uses dicerete Séguale the Gorritr Sigval. ¥ @ Ariplitude shyt keying (ASK) eee eee Digtad data reduced a Pmplitade % the Garrier Sipmal, Live of Meéptionoy bate. [ive Coherent (Sipncrone us) B o Gree Cre S trangmitte > Phase. | ” @® Non Wterenr (Envelope), band] NNN WANA Ev Gerier atreceiver & transmitter > eS pox >On NAAN NO ions DitedVantegs3, we V7 TITY Ww ‘ & WTI VV Plow, stance Hausmninion > sho & Comply ————— > No Crp stalk, > Mot Suitable. > - Channels dan benteck * Short diet > wwinads, channels Canbe used ie Comme, aa Many Modulabbn technin pos, =r Say Pate Phase Shiyt Keying [BPSK] wating, Coheren Coherent detection’ —— Ea = sara A sa Hoe HEE HT BPE A Binary Simbols 0.61" Garnier Sifual sayz A cet (AN fot) A-> Peak value 04 sinsipotdal Grreier Sipval, Power deémipatad Pe La ob Asap Symbol 4. Si: CO2aP SCT A E)—> O Jy mart Symbol ch Zero Symbol 0: “here will bea prose Shigt Of 130" (A> radians) each = pear onterier” (e (B4 R= - OSB gatb= -(F os (2K fot) > @ ean 4® gad= bt {27 (@R fot) > Symbol a: b > Sqmbol o”Generator, and Gecephon oy BPSK situa ® Generation 4}, BPSK Sigal: [Thanamnte OSanare = {Epes ie! 4 | two devices (08 (onfette) aC he: 140626 (A2(aK fotto= HA ey 2 ay Lal caaar fatto) & de ive. we a cans bee) fae Ant —>O iy Band pals gutter cot a¢ atfotte) O Reception of BAsh Stgnalt [Receiver] (iD Pay ddvider Cos Car fot te) hs ein Phase chompe [SP 34) = bud, sews] betapas(an fat )* aporfett®) 2 EA) yap co8* (ax fotte) oy beevap 5 [iteracantottor}} > bu TE Sit cosacan fot +0} wo Bit Synchronizer eta gees Jap Gs UAfet+o) Ly take Come a fa i Starting. & meg veh owe open SteetReception oh BPSK Sipnalt : Ontpuk of Extovnator clependls on. transmitted bit’ KG fo jens sono fg Si jatt {cosh ee OTs KUT Spr exe's + [oarmne|s:22e4t-) [Frenans] wm Es tae oa | “Lee ee ; Z sare Avg value oy sinwinve = o,f} Taegral L ap \ aubl Cy Le Sree] bo Poca ae ” £ (toe pees fp Sey g, Fab: rOOMELET 0 Bona) Lo i So (KIB) = BUUM)E § tT (Hl “yy 7 im of» WTp Te gus: be) [op ws%(anfet-t0) : mad Mi Ty, ‘Tb)= b (KT) )£ $= woffsibg e (Ki) = bU JE a iH pit twtervah 2 So (KTe) = b(KT) JE ried (stated ]ee 4 Cet Thr one bit pertod.Spectrum 6 rn Zfecttun oF BPSK Signal? Sars: wi ext ay fecesal B Gon #) To wn my Fourier trantygern KU) Vy To $0 (RFT) Yb . i" Fain CK orf TH) 4/5" GQ ais! rar Seni® rh ose ns ree Ge wR pubbe ae > Pap oy pz pulse ob StF)= ae nadulating, igual, $18) + ibe CGR tot) . ped= LIF th an FEE) > ayg. value of CAD 4 Lf shen, $0 22. oR Ty eymbol dusation. Plot of PsD {) NRz pre sues vert peel dd) n&z pres . ae adatat fon, a oat FE BPSK gil gual? Om one brt ub Aoowsmitt ime, AIAG hy oe Ts : siz yop —® (id Beem signed 6 Psp. a, BrsK Sigval > sia BPSK siznel wal > raadating Garsuter by NRE prise cout) fa-x casarier pty «We Spectral domponuut hob et jfitt Ri Cf, tite HA taeGeame bcd Representation os BPsis Signals: BPSK signal > . i z grad ae sa): je b> Syenbol 4 0 gu= ~[Eb byt > Symbol’o” gees bE Jah a (anfat) 70 : 5 old re eyotyre ogee o we ~\Eb NEL a O> s@= btn JF cas antot) oe legtea S| aie @®) - us Goouter ¢igval az eG 6) @3 sH= be) Ph 4 +@ d= NE | birenesay C2 os JE Saree as distance (ncneasey at To bit dustin. Sh polation Embree. @3|$e)2 bw Le 6] > @® ped stl Symbol’ bea) 2-1 7 Suymbol'o! ae the. proeaeige exrot Me .Band wedth oh BPsk Signal. t Spesulf) & BW E Highest ke - lowest 5% Gh, HS Soto 4, ty main Lobe Ty bit dust on. Bw £4f,—(fo- fe) afhet Bw= Sette —fot fe To Lae poy nlc ip Bw of BPSK Signal us tustce_of the max bey tm “base band signal.Generation. of DPSK Sfanal Dijgeren tial Phase Shit Keying Ops k) “> De ds enti Coherent Ze us 8 a ally. Coherent mod wlakion +> 2 does not need & Signchvo uous Garnier se demadutotor. ut £24 vance us Modi fed such that > Taput_seq vane the Next bit depends onthe previous bt. ce) cork xfer) HTienepore OL Wecaiver the Prewous teceived wos de® bate) —? O ie Doe used to detect the present bit. ) a1CoE we | | | a clot folojrfijololisals ° ‘ | (a 3 LT] | a a | ieee | | £-Sigmibo leludahon C= = »>[T= 27] b= (ae 8 (2K fob) + @ feo. = = bet ws(2R fot) [SO= EE BORE] -@fore Goaies pay Ty - one bit poied i eotet fornfy > ua a hteen pat fsT=n tn above &42 Seapabae ojp> be bet Ae)? 5 2 tatoe aust ples ® ade 0 Bagram of DESH petrvex + con [nto “eS 128) ae a blE-Tp PF bY Ute) P Retelved Sizval = i moatepliero|P= igual = bled fap Bb(an fot +8. iP! Tm Delayed spol = erecf inten shinee BP] Mubbiptiey olP + : : ¢ Mulbipliexo|P = &CO bleH)AP OSCAR fot 0) tah Cexfalt-T)18) a —=—— cor B= Leos (ABD sos (ate)] mulbiplier ples olpz bus) bCe-THRPL [8 CONES vs [ntolt BY) amf(e)= BEAD [OTE (Ae--98 30(KI5) =D sean yeer oP Tety per? 20 (ev (ET= OLD pw=!G), bye) =1GD "at 22 Fpemecema p= oe) part 2169 pws iG? pertes0 phabbipter 6 [p2) be) DUE Te)Pr ee bUt~-7H) P cs [arto ee "Vos 1 \ Integrator — Khinterval, Kt \ Decision clevice ¢ Scan) = béeTy b(caciTs Pf ae +, ) BIBI? \ GU ip Sol kT) = = PT 5 oét)=I > fenlysele-B) gat ok) regres (eees Problem on DPSK Staal + tery Seq.2> 1 O11 Ol fepeden the transmitted &ipnal . | fe {1} 3.7 the DPsk tecetvet produce | the ovtgival btvany seq. Viled | S$ Tans ntttet Ll 4 ae by dit) > inpat Seay bee) output Sey | | an e-ted-p be) delayed ng one wie REZ on x °) x 4 pit) = de) @ ble-tod wi { | ee | YU Pet etal | és | | N r bone) NV | IAAI = Receives; 4-ve > } ~ + tr f ame wean beers Hold} Ty] 3/7 |Quadrature Phage shipt t Keying (@Psx) “7 tio Sucenive bits ave. Prvped racther = Ypdulated” PCs Lombinaton oyabits > Udltnet ey mtay “yWhen Spenbol Chaves 40 ext Symbol > phate Of Curries Change "ay 45°(m/y) Advantages > Siguatllua tate’, > Gervies ym reduces ~ Chamel Brlredires BPSK ¢ it 6h ee orf tat [ey OPs 5 Transmitter ts pay a al a opened oe now Fe he g fe Frente Set = be 4 [B Sin (ante t) Sott)= bye) JR Gs CARFEE) oC JB ORF) + bel IPs Sin antot) QPSK Signal,OPS - Recetvers _ ef : = an % Ye, abet) San wt olp ag lances in bette Te Up 40 intenrator s BUD gin CA fytd= bow UR Cot (AN fot) Sto (an fat) +beOIE So*(aR fot) inte oath - Gxt fi Coe ante enfare ONO SINGRLO ass Stents CoxyTy, axyT, see s $i (anfet)dt = bey RF foe, QKOTS QKoTp sinh de +H Iedt - beeen onus, Ge 7, Cak-0T, me mePhaser ctéag sao, oe ans i Bist alfa sin eho? scorer Loo , crave CoH vor sequence | encase Sa =H “oh O->-1 [in iat ~Tises orteed Veusce) Oe: VP, context) “ a: He ! q (68 OXfot) ~ [PE Bin OF fot) ore ™ > anu)? # WbUnfot) =~ FR, Sin(aTfot) — (1) VPesin(an fot) orl) 0 ; [Ps 8 OR fot) +1 Sin Cor fon) #1! UR OB ORHONT Stnonhe)- Si nal Space representation of SPE sipval: PSK => ett) = S.4)+Selt) gus bowdfte os Cangot) + beONR sin cantet) Stays [ig bolt? 4,49 + snipe Conta) o [omen] Fr gin onfot Far, be 4a) Y z + Siafame)e] “ ‘4 2 PT) bth JE ; 20,1,258 — re 2 be $02 {i fa 08 [omed EZ [Eo ete) 50)= J6, eH ONE Tg Seas) ~% at) Leben e-1 bettd=-! < ? boW=tl “is (Bie Seo[ mr PLE sro cenbe) a0 Fos tae wine For[amok] =e byez Ja MsingamtDF ] 80002 Ui Le bos) ft) + ABE He fymbel duxablen Te= 21 => $00) =f e bette) 4,8) betwen) Gute) DX? betas} Distance 6) Cipvel point fm oripw ©( Spectrum 4 Band. width of 8 Pst Signal t é . ¢ peciiey Psp . . ov PSD OF GPSK Signal. T 30): Wen [Oy Spléd= Set) Sott) ah a Ve->prlse. Amplitaale Sgt)= aon [ee | Te bit period. a oD B15 = VeVi > fesy gates’ Reet ae StocréT)]~ wt 6G)2 FaTe | S2RE™ Sp es ‘ Pep a Signal be). iia elk bW is divised into bed) 4 bolt) Band whith. Symbol => 140, BW) > Higeet fry ~ Lagos! Jaye Bhs $2 -(-f) = afe Bw 2 os Goal $ ol By: Magy? b8? az CEB Sy OT fstaCmeTs , seu: be [Here] © So (e)= Ts [SEW] Tho Ts' Te Syanbol dumtion— ee eee eee i Quadtatuse Ay Prnpuitude gait Ks OB Qradvature” rmplitnde ged, ¢ tet a) =. = ag “The Ens 0} Signal, fee Gel [ (ay >) 4 (40490 = L[ (gar) + (artaa’ ‘+ (90490?) + Sas a2) Hi ay sa ak (aaa) ] i p Eg= joa st et . az lores Dignal Space Veprerentahen: : gaat Spat, epee d= 2a a= a-loié— plorrerk detechion 0} Sizwil > dittence b]w the = oe E 4 Sipnad points. Norns ~r Pse Signal poiwth > Grvele- = y-Ep 7 Amplitude Varidedt ~ Stgual poruts 4 xHE, I Jreés witl ue infedde the Grete > tnereaie He Wsthe tananuniite +orsk > d= (qe Geemeniol aspracataon Pes ewels antessie “> vit aymbela then, atts 16 possible Symbols a i 1011010Qask | Qa Fawsaniston § Retepions— @ Transmitter, 7 Peete Oersins ¥ foaBs os (2Rfot) + oe é % oe kok gin (attot) er a +b BeEPpT > eS NPyenczat) pegs Kikeots OS 2% fot) th oats cin xt) cay 6) he gash +6 §CO= Rett [ip at oxtet) + AotNT sinter tot)}-¥O — Act) = Klerk Ok Soom Spal Ee ou Ke tht Kahl 98 oud A gtt) ie ow Kg ka willtakes FU@ES Ret) = + [oo & 330 STEP gee eos Gree), OE snore) EMP m= OpsM-ony Pos BPSK Q Symbols 0,1 J. phase Shit to BPsK> BR : a . novo Symbal6 GPs H Symbols phose Shige in OPSK= ar 2h 290 Many Pee, Ty there ave N Syanbolt” ans M possible Symbols ve Phase bhigt s on M Sethe duration 64 each bot willbe “NTS” fis Trausmitted Wavy or, e eed= Jape Os (an tott bm] sere Jane at AMET thm) 40 =, |, 2---MHL Gray Phase Bette bm = Camm = AR = 10d. Sigua spate hepvesanianto- (RO+S) = CHA O4B- 870A SOB 02> £892 [aE OS flo Cafot) — laps iad non EMFot) x 82N os ged: Jim {ae bro enh? Ro sini Wiis Gist 4 (a= |B Wt dn Po lpaTs SAP HP =F) 2K ~ de 5% pas a pol at pom oniin Ct 40 Vie =(E Qe tteghReIMS $081 8a—— may Srrtlaath $0,5),--— Sq kerielPower Spectral dousity. 2 gin (WATS sp oy qrense Sachs ahTs [SORE pat TNT > fat 2 Fea, [eaten KENTD aryl, EES dt od $ = ate te, 0. fa oh : Band wid th BW HF- LF in main bbe gna fe-Chs) = ae weelere tl ts a Bu: af NM-ary Transmitter £ Recetvers ® Transmitter: ° Nb eeoel| fel 7 we pe @ Recetvers oo ra : = mapas "seas | om am > take ale maint RO agenGarsk [Quem Recovers y=AgonP, comdt2xth> AVP, slo(2xtgt 16> @ Prom Wort QAskPane Spechal denity, and Bandwiste of Qnsk|Gam: Paps @ASK, SCO= Aett) [Pe @S (2x fot) + Ast AP Sin (Aft) above ean is nl" 40 Mary Psi, v PSD os BASh Ste)= PTs j see RET Rett) $ Att) : acre [secrete i . 2 NG-fodTs PgTs [since cei a X ChH+fe) Ts oPsb 4 Bask Te ee eee £ ap Hibagchitts dehy fits cere BWe HF- LF. in main lobe puz(fotts)= (fo = fhitts Potks =afs BN ey GASH,Binary Rspuaney aby toying [Bese] Fag, 94 the Corrier Wil change econbng +o binary. Spambola. t ; Ooi 6 it as Sie)= [abe cot (@7 road @ OAR ALY Hence the Covriet bra ith witl be, he HE ‘re i $n = fot[ Se] 3 Symbols’ _y Hence, there are two fray. ° Orceorcling. to bruas Syanbols. fae Po (21 . faye) o. wld =4. GyG)=RG ab anforajt ber=0 5 s,s a asen heme BPSk repre pentahen: bw dw) A RD 1 +Iv #IV 0 HY. ° -1v °@ BESK Trawunttter + Pa xr res nee || os a eT irae oe Fens © BESK Receiver: cb Coherent detection. GD Non-coherent detection. oe fEmone bi oe = ore eas = = Pfs a +=] [exe] see femonsQPectram and Bandusidth os BFaw: BFS 6%, Si wal, SED = Tas Ry Gs Com Sut) + [BRS RD cos(angs) BPsk signal, ® SU) = bet) JOP Gt Camfot) —+ ® Comparing @ 2@) In BPsk bEd—> bipolar, 2 BPSK PRO 4 RCD Unipolar, + Convert Pact) 2 PLE) im Sty0lay Iprmat. Pa t= Lad Ric Pace) 4 Pee) PLO = Led plu tobi Bee Prt above values in ean O sed= Jap [d+t py O]es(artao + Al2Ps [4H pie] cos (anfit): Ps J sa)= {Eo Sree grt + AE vse) os an tutds Bp con ants) —Sieaqng Psp oy Besk Ssid= [Fh +S (F444 PeToSsin (ahi) JE ise- £9" SUE) epee + fey Soe setoPy | a 0 Tht, yf $s),Micwry 5h [mesn]: iawkvelitees BFSh > agymbols © YOY ES & W’ets > atem sys old. vepaoe | soit | —% 4] woe See ces |S eae engin For bi faon Fro H Fea oe | re NTp Decision | Not [Os Pecatet Soe | | ence |) | om cy fu wage | ta ewe)? Pe | sequence| Rewer Spectval densi Wisyaabels > f4,.f5 fy, A Ok Luttewive even hormow cs 8% Symbol. Of dey fe TE ON Seem eam CL pay te BBM nasmowte 6 Segerbel pea, Peps} MeSK ve fox KS. ult 40 BESS 24S Lab he, Myris F=(Ktrds far Ceis.... ee Band width ¢— width Of one main lobe bate Y there ore M Gysrbols. mes!” he 4 1 BW MY¥(A#S)Minimum Shigt Kerging [Ms] QPsK-> Bandwidthimore, Fitterts 5 alter the amplinnde oT WAVE Lorn, MS us used tD overtome thete Problems. G) There us no abrupt Oxnp Unde lters ose ust [at receiver] UD Band age KB ee we “uN uf wae As change in iy PE samo amy stay 22 5(1.2540.28)6 21.06, tater “use|@ Transmitters foam aeterfn id Tome ty ne te — amu’ Plot aes 209 [ata dec 89 Cats antet axe) sino 23. a | ape [oo means 008 (eT) o . cos 2rfyi4yt +0 =: 8 TS die-sewmpans ofsnante ah Via @ Recetver : wl ‘ moe Ee py tom] ty tr iy att, Se > = Ribe Ot) Peed ‘Sample at no te ee 2TyB Fimplitnde Slut ON-OFF Keyiva. [ow], bSimple_ Modalation technioye. -+|sed= Tam oF GLO] > Symbel'd’s $4) &aukmiHed, Symbol $i) =0 —> ON-OFF oy signal. [00K signa] > Ask Signal. i © Generations © Detections— WD Gherert detection ve was Towel (UD Nom- Coherent detection. > fem om |_tm wow | oan eR ee ee rs Siqual gpate vepretentahion = Symbol? ? gua /te [2 os CMP) . > ” ? ° ‘ae distemce blo +190 Susnbola d= = HeCommunicator oves Randlimited Channel: Oe3 > Ele btuaig etn a oe, Spy Date Enter —> palte roavejory (next ewersna] oom] ay oS Ser Seis pis pate 40 oo Lal ps L ! galing Th te dasation ‘ie instant igual , ¥ is A Botebangl Iespniiator sim" : gta ibe 1 a Tammi Meier ee Sbwet . % me raphe > Gormnund Gabon ‘tragh Band litter Chane! > Baseband is —_—oel a Franson’ pBandtimited channels Data without Modulation. > Applications ; LAN, Small nws, Temote Sega & = Sentor networks. Problems Tntey Spool Stersrence [152] Laden yo tot 7 Corrective measures: Ny apint Criterion. 4wo> dy eit (tt) + design device. Bare band trantmision » rae D — ~VPAM [Pulte Amplitede Modulate] Detiston: 45 Gti) >> Symbol Fy > Amplinnde 04 pale varies Oitordine to Cp dato. i 4G tymbel’o > TWo binary levels > Snbol'd § Symbol te bthete Aiguals [Pam] — without mMedulation.a ; Tnter_ symbol Tniensrente [rsr] . ie : 1DMare 6 | OeO Ni tealind tye PCH) = He (fH, LHW) 6 (2) ce a Sampling banat = ih Me So Toe apes Re RP. de gunpled zat dbthe presence 9 j of tie oT Other bits inter- qeo-sziep, sag Pale Anz tg Ce U | Organ Daye aah (ttt, “fret ahh op of wexpaie [Os ERIE @ — ty nt “on Po oe. ee IA? ot t2iTh 9 sa = 5 FD shaping fhecrang’ obfjorence pre) 4eid= “spt taf BM teen entively DST ARGO Tp applied to Transenitt 4D shen iat L@® s€beairabon op T8Et Pitter, channel 4 recon, Sy) : a : (D proper dation of pulse, Ay PU) -> olp Of Recaiving Fitter iy Pe memati, etl ee Brite sf Let a oy Lene oT = yled=ap pray Aaefewys| FF rae Beng shen, ai LO) or ral hy Yon) = HOAKEE—>@ CD tran C20, tito ta. + | Byte pe should be ehabed bit! fod HLA) planed Havoyn jun patien: gloat om at ye bites i fe HU) = HylO He be (4) 99) |1 Baheband Transmission of Meany data & Exe Diagram. ats |" |" ao "I A - M4 VS M-arg Transminion. > M level 6) Amplinde oy Wave Loews, DE > data > PAM dignal. Q bins 7H Symbols Mat Teal M- Symbols loa, M bitpare ts Combi n eat ” 6: tied X We oy bits ey, Gye diageram —y Sper, Ist7 Unter Pretation, Of Eye pattern : Siope = arena Margin over Time interval over which the ‘wave can be sampled. M:2 eeTe re STb) $ Ct-7 TD) Heep pubte in isin criterion: () Time, “p= = eT 4YOD= waz yz Ay P[G-wTe] Sa “P= (tac 5 glam, tee J it yfeet op TS et ram siento Le. PThe setond tem —¥ ZERO = Pa) ted isk a oe le os Contvotied [pen yi] = ee fa Rte “fe P [am] $[e- carne fe, 4@0= TH J Condition intime. aa es ear, i domain. “R= ) Ste stan ) Frequency domat, i © aillie 5 cx. > Fourier Spe deus oy pet) = sien BRET em aae — PHO? fren sure ae; cd Saanplin a Pelt) = ro beet 5 hin)> Spechum < Pn) 2 R= peor 5 C=K © > Pg le’ PO, Specie Pe) @> Is fo ZF Emp) sip Pcaite) > €h ade robo Gh amp tS ey eeTos 2 PU-nh) i | j N= ubind s$t4.P-T, oe My my aly Oy ty. Mo gelE] — cncgOer inal se] FRET o% ae fb pers e * bay = gine (fet) Cemate Pn Bw ef the pulse B= fuj. > fp OB, PW = Sine (2Bot) 3@ a Pe (eR Bot. .® 27 Bot Bo Neauitt Bow. —> ZevoTs7, Pw): ae, feet. [és] : oe| Detection 0} dota hy Controlled Ted DVO double the transmission Capacity - > QUOBINARY signell ip sey $662 + 1@o Sample 0; teceived piter 0 NR encoding Canst! 3b,=] y ane ee mle’) Bika pena i i -2@90 YEE ATE AL, HOLE) — AGH Aeaglitideny > LAKES level signal Le, +2,-2O : thausmitted @ olp of encodes Ai +H1@-1 mnt)» Guar b rs UN 49,-2@o Woise — Re Cons truch’ons “HED = Art AR) @ CHF Ax tay.) Ae Cum Be} 2 9 > x ples > Two Lu cenive bits are ured Jor evaluction, oe Osteo anne laaet eed ae O)asO) > tpnbel by saimbal cletecdion of data mm 1 7 He aha ot dluabtuary encoding. 6 Cor relative Cade, 0 #2 0 00-2 7 Gpvalliue rake af 265 > charuel Bio Be ty = 2 #0 0 Fl all Dusbivard: (DB) Entoding 2 “1 wh & \