Name: Olufadeju Louis Oladele

Matric No: 22BB008616

Department: Chemical Engineering
Level: 300 level
Course: GEC 310

ASSIGNMENT
1. In a machine the displacement f(x) of a given point is given for
a certain angle x˚ as follows:
x˚ 0˚ 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330
˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚
f(x 7. 8. 7. 5. 3.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.5 4.7 6.8
) 9 0 2 6
Find the coefficient of sin2x in the Fourier series representing the
above variations.
SOLUTION
x sinx sin2x sin3x cosx cos2x cos3x f(x) f(x) f(x) × f(x)× f(x)× f(x) × f(x) ×
× sin2x sin3x cosx cos2x cos3x
sinx
0˚ 0 0 0 1 1 1 7.9 0 0 0 7.900 7.900 7.900
30˚ 0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.50 0 8.0 4.00 6.960 8.000 6.960 4.000 0
0 0
60˚ 0.8 0.87 0 0.50 -0.50 -1 7.2 6.26 6.264 0 3.600 -3.600 -7.200
7 4
90˚ 1 0 -1 0 -1 0 5.6 5.60 0 -5.600 0 -5.600 0
0
120˚ 0.8 -0.87 0 - -0.50 1 3.6 3.13 - 0 - -1.800 3.600
7 0.50 2 3.132 1.800
150˚ 0.5 -0.87 1 - 0.50 0 1.7 0.85 - 1.700 - 0.850 0
0 0.87 0 1.479 1.479
180˚ 0 0 0 -1 1 -1 0.5 0 0 0 - 0.500 -0.500
0.500
210˚ - 0.87 -1 - 0.50 0 0.2 - 0.174 -0.200 - 0.100 0
0.5 0.87 0.10 0.174
0 0
240˚ - 0.87 0 - -0.50 1 0.9 - 0.783 0 - -0.450 0.900
0.8 0.50 0.78 0.450
7 3
270˚ -1 0 1 0 -1 0 2.5 - 0 2.500 0 -2.500 0
 2.50
0
300˚ - -0.87 0 0.50 -0.50 -1 4.7 - - 0 2.350 -2.350 -4.700
0.8 4.08 4.089
7 9
330˚ - -0.87 -1 0.87 0.50 0 6.8 - - -6.800 5.916 3.400 0
0.5 3.40 5.916
0 0
∑¿ 49. 8.97 - -0.400 22.32 0.450 0
6 4 0.435 3

49.6
ao = 2 × Mean value of f(x) = 2 × 12 = 8.267

22.323
a1 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cosx = 2 × 12
= 3.721

0.450
a2 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cos2x = 2 × 12 = 0.075

0
a3 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cos3x = 2 × 12 = 0

8.974
b1 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sinx = 2 × 12 = 1.496

−0.435
b2 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sin2x = 2 × 12
= -0.073

−0.400
b3 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sin3x = 2 × 12
= -0.067

The Fourier series is

ao
f(x) = + a1cosx + a2cos2x + a3cos3x +…+ b1sinx + b2sin2x +
2
b3sin3x +…
8.267
= 2
+ 3.721cosx + 0.075cos2x + 0cos3x +…+ 1.496sinx +
(-0.073)sin2x + (-0.067)sin3x +…
f(x) = 4.134 + 3.721cosx + 0.075cos2x +…+ 1.496sinx –
0.073sin2x – 0.067sin3x +…
The coefficient of sin2x in the Fourier series is -0.073
 2. The following values of y give the displacement in cms of a
certain machine part of the rotation x of the flywheel. Expand f(x)
in the form of a Fourier series.
x 0 π 2π 3π 4π 5π
6 6 6 6 6
f(x) 0 9.2 14.4 17.8 17.3 11.7

SOLUTION
x sinx Sin2x Sin3x Sin4x cosx Cos2x Cos3x Cos4 f(x) f(x) × f(x) × f(x) f(x) × f(x) × f(x) × f(x) × f(x) ×
x sinx sin2x × sin4x cosx cos2x cos3x cos4x
sin3x

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
π 0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.87 0.50 -5 × -0.50 9.2 4.600 8.004 9.200 8.004 8.004 4.600 -4.6 -4.600

6
0 10-12 × 10 -

11

2π 0.8 0.87 0 -0.87 0.50 -0.50 -1 -0.50 14.4 12.52 12.52 0 -

12.528
7.200 - - -7.200
7 8 8 7.200 14.40
6 0
3π 1 0 -1 0 -5 × -1 0 1 17.8 17.80 0 -
17.80
0 -8.9 - 0 17.800

6 10-12 0
0 × 10 - 17.80
11 0

4π 0.8 -0.87 0 0.87 - -0.50 1 -0.50 17.3 15.05 -

15.051
0 15.05 - - 17.30 -8.650
7 0.50 1 1 8.650 8.650 0
6
5π 0.5 -0.87 1 -0.87 - 0.50 0 -0.50 11.7 5.850 -
10.179
11.70 -
10.179
- 5.850 0 -5.850
0 0.87 0 10.17
6 9

∑¿ 70.4 55.82
9
-
4.698
3.100 0.348 -3.625 23.20
0
2.900 -8.500

70.4
ao = 2 × Mean value of f(x) = 2 × 6 = 23.467

−3.625
a1 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cosx = 2 × 6
= -1.208

−23.200
a2 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cos2x = 2 × 6
= -7.733

2.900
a3 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cos3x = 2 × 6
= 0.967

−8.500
a4 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) cos 4x = 2 × 6
= -2.833

55.829
b1 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sinx = 2 × 6
= 18.610

−4.698
b2 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sin2x = 2 × 6
= -1.566
 3.100
b3 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sin3x = 2 × 6
= 1.033

0.348
b4 = 2 × Mean value of f(x) sin4x = 2 × 6
= 0.116

The Fourier series is

ao
f(x) = + a1cosx + a2cos2x + a3cos3x + a4cos4x +…+ b1sinx +
2
b2sin2x + b3sin3x + b4sin4x +…
23.467
f(x) = 2
+ (-1.208)cosx + (-7.733)cos2x + 0.967cos3x + (-
2.833)cos4x +…+ 18.610sinx + (-1.566)sin2x + 1.033sin3x +
0.116sin4x +…
f(x) = 11.733 – 1.208cosx – 7.733cos2x + 0.967cos3x –
2.833cos4x +…+ 18.610sinx – 1.566sin2x + 1.033sin3x +
0.116sin4x +…

3. Prove that in 0 < x < c ,

c 4c
x = − 2 ¿]
2 π
and deduce that

1 1 1 4
I. 4
+ 4 + 4 +¿… = π
1 3 5 96
1 1 1 1 π
4
II. 4+ 4
+ 4- 4
+ ¿ …=
1 2 3 4 90

SOLUTION
Using the half range cosine series formula for the interval [0,c],
we have the formulas;
c
a
0=
2∫ x dx
c 0

a 2 x2 c
0= [ ] 0❑
c 2
a 2 c2
0= × =c
c 2

a 0=C
c
a
n=
2 ∫ x cos nπx
c
dx
c 0

Using(UV) =UV 1−U ' V 2

nπx nπx
sin −cos
a c c c
n=
2
c
[(x) ( nπ
¿– {1 . (
nπx 0❑
( ¿¿¿ 2¿)}¿
c c
2
a c sin nπx c cosnπx c
n=
2 [ nπ . x ( c
¿+ 2 2 (
c
¿ ¿0
c n π
2 2 2
a c sin nπc c cos nπx c nπ 0
n=
2 [ .( c ¿ + 2 2 . ¿ }−{0+ 2 2
cos }¿
c nπ n π c n π c
2 2
a c c
n=
2 [0+ 2 2 . (cos nπ ¿ - 2 2 ¿
c n π n π
a 2 c2
n= × 2 2 ¿ ¿
c n π

a 2c
n= ¿¿
n2 π2

when n=1
a 2c
1= ¿¿
π2

a −4 c
1=¿ ¿
π2

when n=2
a 2c
2= ¿¿
4π2

a 2=¿ 0 ¿

when n=3
a 2c
3= ¿¿
32 π2

a −4 c
3=¿ ¿
32 π 2
 when n=4

NB: At this point it is obvious that even powers will result in a

value of zero.
a 4=¿0 ¿

when n=5
a 2c
5= ¿¿
52 π2

a −4 c
5=¿ ¿
52 π 2

Therefore the half range cosine series is given as :

c 4c πx 1 3 πx 1 5 πx
x= 2 − 2 [ cos c + 2 cos c + 2 cos c +… . ¿
π 3 5

I. Using Parseval’s formula

c

∫¿¿
0

( )
2 2
∫ x 2= c2 [ c2 + 16π c4 1 1 1
4
+ 4+ 4 ]
1 3 5
0

( )
3 2 2
x c c c 16 c 1 1 1
[ ]❑0= [ + 4 4
+ 4 + 4 +… ]
3 2 2 π 1 3 5

( )
3 2 2
c 2 c 16 c 1 1 1
× =[ + 4 4
+ 4 + 4 +… ]
3 c 2 π 1 3 5

( )
2 2 2
2 c c 16 c 1 1 1
− = 4 4
+ 4 + 4 +… ¿
3 2 π 1 3 5

( )
2 2 2
4 c −3 c 16 c 1 1 1
= 4 4
+ 4 + 4 +… ¿
6 π 1 3 5

( )
2 4
c π 1 1 1
× 2
= 4 + 4 + 4 +…
6 16 c 1 3 5

( )
4
π 1 1 1
∴ = 4 + 4 + 4 +…
96 1 3 5
 1 1 1 1 1 1
II. let A = 4
+ 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 +…
1 2 3 4 5 6

A= ( 11 + 31 + 51 + …)+ ( 21 + 41 + 61 + …)--------------(1)
4 4 4 4 4 4

Since we have proved that 96 =( + + +… ),we can substitute

4
π 1 1 1
4 4 4
1 3 5
into eqn 1

( ) (1 1 1
)
4
π
A= + 4 + 4 + 4 +…
96 2 4 6

A = ( )+ ( + + +… )
π 1 1 1 1
4

4 4 4 4
96 2 1 2 3

A = ( )+
π A 4

4
96 2

A = ( )+ 16
4
π A
96

4
A A π
− =
1 16 96
4
16 A− A π
=
16 96
4
15 A π
=
16 96

By cross multiplication we have that;

4
π
A=
90
1 1 1 1 π
4
∴A= 4
+ 4
+ 4
+ 4
+ … =
1 2 3 4 90