Brief Description:

The iot based smart greenhouse monitoring and control system is a system that solves the
problems that happens in today’s greenhouse systems, so in this project we will make a system
that works like this to Control and monitor the greenhouse in modern way, first we will use
esp32 as the brain of the system, the system uses temperature sensor which is DHT11 to monitor
degree Celsius and humidity in the greenhouse, also the system uses LDR Light Sensor which
lights the greenhouse when it needs light, and we will be using soil moisture sensor to sense the
soil of the plant in the greenhouse and these data will be displayed on an LCD display as well as
we will be display all the data on mobile app which is Blynk app.

NodeMCU Esp32

The ESP32 is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip developed by Espressif Systems. It can be used as a
standalone device, or as a UART to Wi-Fi adaptor to allow other microcontrollers to connect to a
Wi-Fi network. For example, you can connect an ESP32 to an Arduino to add Wi-Fi capabilities
to your Arduino board. The most practical application is using it as a standalone device.

With the ESP32, you can control inputs and outputs as you would do with an Arduino, but with
Wi-Fi capabilities. This means you can bring your projects online, which is great for home
automation and internet of things applications.

Figure 1. NodeMcu Esp32

TEMPERATURE DHT11 SENSOR

Humidity and temperature sensor (DHT11) shown in Fig. 6, consists of a thermistor, humidity
sensing component and an IC. Thermistor calculates the temperature of its surrounding medium
from its capability of varying its resistance due to temperature. A moisture holding substrate is
placed between two electrodes in humidity sensing component. The variation in humidity
produces a variation in resistance between electrodes. The variation in resistance is measured and
processed by the IC which gives the humidity value to the NodeMCU. This sensor operates at a
voltage range of 3.3V to 5V. The range of temperature is 0 - 50°C, range of humidity is 20 - 90%
RH.

Figure 2. Humidity temperature sensor

Soil Moisture Sensor
This sensor measures the volumetric content of water inside the soil and gives us the moisture
level as output. The sensor is equipped with both analog and digital output. The soil moisture
sensor consists of two probes which are used to measure the volumetric content of water. The
two probes allow the current to pass through the soil and then it gets the resistance value to
measure the moisture value.

Figure 3. Soil Moisture

Four Chanel Relay Module

An electrical switch controlled by an electromagnet is known as a power relay module. A

separate low-power signal from a microcontroller activates the electromagnet. The
electromagnet pulls to either open or close an electrical circuit when it is energized.
Relays are switching that work both electromechanically and electronically to close and open
circuits. It regulates how an electrical circuit's circuit connections open and close.
Screws are used to attach cables and wires to the relay module. This module can handle a
maximum current of 10A and a maximum contact voltage of 250V AC and 30V DC. When
large voltage and current loads are applied, thick main cables are typically used.

Figure 4. Four channel relay modules

Water Pump 12V

The water pump is used to pump water from the tank and being use for plants irrigation. This
water pump can be electronically controlled by interfacing it to microcontroller. It can be
triggered ON/OFF by sending signals as we needed. This method of artificially supplying water
is thought as pumping.

Figure 5. Water Pump 12V

LCD I2C or (Liquid Crystal Display I2C)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystals in its
primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for consumers and
businesses, as they can be commonly found in smartphones, televisions, computer monitors and
instrument panels.
GND is a ground pin. Connect it to the ground of the Arduino.
VCC supplies power to the module and LCD. Connect it to the Arduino’s 5V output or an
external 5V power supply.
SDA is the I2C data pin. Connect it to the Arduino’s I2C data pin.
SCL is the I2C clock pin. Connect it to the Arduino’s I2C clock pin.
LDR SENSOR

Figure 6. LCD I2C

A light-dependent resistor or LDR is an example of an electrical component that responds to

light. When light beams strike it, the resistance changes right away. An LDR's resistance levels
can vary by several orders of magnitude. As the light level rises, the resistance value will
decrease.

LDR is a light-dependent resistor that changes its resistance when different amounts of light fall
on it. They work on the principle of photo conductivity where it gives less resistance in high light
intensity and high resistance in low light intensity

Figure 7. LDR SENSOR

LIGHT 12v DC BULB
a device used to convert electricity into light, consisting of a source of illumination (e.g. an
electric filament or one or more LEDs) enclosed within a transparent or translucent shell,
typically having a rounded shape and designed to be fitted into a socket in a lamp.

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light
with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum
or inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation.

Figure 8. LIGHT 12v DC BULB

FAN MODULE

A fan is a powered machine used to create a flow of air. A fan consists of a rotating arrangement
of vanes or blades, generally made of wood, plastic, or metal, which act on the air. The rotating
assembly of blades and hub is known as an impeller, rotor, or runner.

A fan is a piece of electrical or mechanical equipment with blades that go around and around. It
keeps a room or machine cool or gets rid of unpleasant smells.

He cools himself in front of an electric fan.

Figure 9. FAN MODULE

Passive Buzzer

Buzzers can be categorized into two different types – active buzzers and passive buzzers. An
active buzzer has a built-in oscillator so it can produce sound with only a DC power supply. A
passive buzzer does not have a built-in oscillator, so it needs an AC audio signal to produce
sound.

Figure 10. Passive Buzzer

A RESISTOR

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as

a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other
uses.

Figure 11. RESISTOR

LED (LIGHT EMMITING DIODE)

A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the
form of photons.
 Figure 12. LED (LIGHT EMMITING DIODE)

12V DC BATTERY AND HOLDER PLATE

Dc, also known as constant current, which is a dc that does not change in size and direction, such
as dry cells. Pulsating dc is when the direction (cathode and anode) is constant, but the
magnitude changes over time. Even if an ac flow to the electronic equipment, it will convert the
ac to dc. A standard lithium ion battery can produce 12 volts of direct current.

A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible
reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable
consumer electronics and electric vehicles.

Figure 13.12V DC BATTERY AND HOLDER PLATE

Jumper wires are used to connect two points in a circuit. All Electronics stocks jumper wire in a
variety of lengths and assortments. Frequently used with breadboards and other prototyping tools
in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

A wire is a flexible strand of metal. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a
hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of
a gauge number or cross-sectional area. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads, often in the
form of wire rope.
 Figure 14. JUMPER WIRES OR WIRES

4.3 Software Component

4.3.1 Arduino IDE

Arduino programs are written in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
Arduino IDE is a special software running on your system that allows you to write
sketches (synonym for program in Arduino language) for different Arduino boards.
The Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware programming
language called processing, which is writing the C language. After the sketch is written in the
Arduino IDE, it should be uploaded on the Arduino board for execution.

BLYNK APPLICATION

Blynk is a new platform that lets you easily create interfaces to manage and monitor your
hardware projects from your iOS or Android mobile. You can create a project dashboard
after downloading the Blynk software and arranging buttons, sliders, graphs, and other
widgets on the screen.
Figure 15. BLYNK APPLICATION