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Chapter05 Section02 Edit

Uploaded by

Kathleen C. Aday
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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chemistry

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in Atoms

If this rock were to tumble over,


it would end up at a lower
height. It would have less
energy than before, but its
position would be more stable.
You will learn that energy and
stability play an important role
in determining how electrons
are configured in an atom.
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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

Electron Configurations

What are the three rules for writing the


electron configurations of elements?

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

The ways in which electrons are arranged in


various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms are
called electron configurations.

Three rules—the aufbau principle, the


Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund’s
rule—tell you how to find the electron
configurations of atoms.

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

Aufbau Principle

According to the aufbau principle, electrons


occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first. In the
aufbau diagram below, each box represents an
atomic orbital.

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

Pauli Exclusion Principle

According to the Pauli exclusion principle, an


atomic orbital may describe at most two
electrons. To occupy the same orbital, two
electrons must have opposite spins; that is, the
electron spins must be paired.

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

Hund’s Rule

Hund’s rule states that electrons occupy orbitals


of the same energy in a way that makes the
number of electrons with the same spin direction
as large as possible.

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

Orbital Filling Diagram

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Electron Arrangement in > Electron Configurations
Atoms

Simulation 2

Fill atomic orbitals to build the ground state of


several atoms.

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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 1.1

Problem Solving 5.9 Solve Problem 9


with the help of an interactive guided
tutorial.

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Exceptional Electron Configurations
Atoms

Exceptional Electron Configurations

Why do actual electron configurations


for some elements differ from those
assigned using the aufbau principle?

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Exceptional Electron Configurations
Atoms

Some actual electron configurations


differ from those assigned using the
aufbau principle because half-filled
sublevels are not as stable as filled
sublevels, but they are more stable than
other configurations.

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5.2 Electron Arrangement in > Exceptional Electron Configurations
Atoms

Exceptions to the aufbau


principle are due to subtle
electron-electron
interactions in orbitals with
very similar energies.

Copper has an electron


configuration that is an
exception to the aufbau
principle.

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5.2 Section Quiz.

Assess students’ understanding


of the concepts in Section 5.2.

Continue to: Launch:


-or-
Section Quiz

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5.2 Section Quiz.

1. Identify the element that corresponds to the


following electron configuration: 1s22s22p5.

a. F

b. Cl

c. Ne

d. O

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5.2 Section Quiz.

2. Write the electron configuration for the atom N.

a. 1s22s22p5

b. 1s22s22p3

c. 1s22s1p2

d. 1s22s22p1

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5.2 Section Quiz.

3. The electron configurations for some


elements differ from those predicted by the
aufbau principle because the

a. the lowest energy level is completely filled.


b. none of the energy levels are completely
filled.
c. half-filled sublevels are less stable than
filled energy levels.
d. half-filled sublevels are more stable than
`
some other arrangements. Slide
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END OF SHOW

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