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Ut-4 CH-10 Ncert

Class 12 bio ch 10 qb

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18 views3 pages

Ut-4 CH-10 Ncert

Class 12 bio ch 10 qb

Uploaded by

nivas1806
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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EDUSTAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

DATE : 14.10.2024 BIOLOGY MARKS: 40


CLASS : XII
NCERT UT - 4 TIME: 1.30 MIN
(BIOTEC -APPLI)
SECTION – A
ONE WORD: 1 ×10=10
Q1.A method involving silencing of specific mRNA due to the binding of complementary dsRNA is called ________
a)Electrophoresis b)RNAi c) rDNA technology d) DNAi

Q2. The gene which was used to produce insect-resistant cotton plant was taken from ______
a) Anabaena azollae b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens c) Bacillus thuringiensis d) Bacillus subtilis

Q3. A gall producing gene in Agrobacterium tumefaciens is _______


a) cry gene b) nif gene c) T DNA d) beta gene

Q4The first transgenic cow produced ______ grams protein per liter of milk.
a) 5 b) 2.4 c) 3 d) 3.4

Q5The genetically modified brinjal in India has been developed for


A. Drought resistance B. Enhancing mineral content
C. Enhancing shelf life D. Insect resistance

Q6 . Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four-year-old girl with ADA deficiency?
A. Radiation Therapy B. Gene Therapy C. Radiation Therapy D. Immunotherapy

Q7. The genetically modified brinjal in India has been developed for
A. Enhancing mineral content B. Insect-resistance C. Drought resistance D. Enhancing selflife

Q8. The process of RNA interference has been used in the development of plants resistant to _____
A. Insects B. Nematodes C. Fungi D. Viruses

Q9. In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as pro-toxin in converted into active toxin due to _____
A. Acidic pH of the insect gut B. Alkaline pH of the insect gut
C. Presence of conversion factors in insect gut D. Action of gut microorganisms

Q10. Which of the following is not used as a biopesticide?


A. Xanthomonas campestris B. Bacillus thuringiensis
C. Trichoderma harzianum D. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

SECTION – B (2 MARKS EACH)


Q11.a. What is the difference between ‘Cry’ & ‘CRY’?
Ans. A cry is a gene that codes for Bt-toxin which is an insecticidal protein, whereas, on the other hand,
CRY is the protein coded by cry genes.
b.What is Golden rice? What is its advantage?
Ans. Golden rice is a transgenic rice type that has a gene that codes for a precursor to Vitamin A.
This type has green-yellow grains and is high in Vitamin A, making it nutritionally beneficial.

Q12.a. The first transgenic cow produced human protein-enriched milk. Name the cow and
the protein found in milk.
Ans: Rosie, is the first transgenic cow, it produced human protein-enriched milk. Alpha-
lactalbumin is the protein found in milk.
b.Write the Scientific name of a nematode that attacks the root of a tobacco plant?
Ans: Meloidogyne Incognita is the Scientific name of a nematode that attacks the root of a
tobacco plant.
Q13.a What are the two methods for correcting ADA deficiency in a child?
Ans: Enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplantation with a functional ADA
enzyme.
b. Some crop plants are modified genetically by manipulating their genes. How are they
made beneficial?
Ans: Abiotic stress tolerance; pest resistance; reduced post-harvest losses; enhanced nutritional
value of food.

Q14. What do you mean by “Biopiracy” Give an example?


Ans: Biopiracy is defined as the use of bio-resources by multinational corporations and other
organizations without proper authorization from the countries and people concerned. For example,
Basmati rice grown in India is known for its distinct flavor and aroma, but Basmati rice was
patented by an American company under a US patent.

SECTION C (1 MARK EACH)


Q15. he bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxic protein called "cry protein". That
protein is lethal to certain insects, but not to bacteria.
a. Why does not this toxin kill bacteria?
b. After consuming this protein, what type of changes occur in the gut of insects?
c. How did humans use this protein for their benefit?
Ans.
a. Protoxin is produced in an inactive form.
b. This protoxin, in the presence of alkaline pH in the intestine of insects. The toxin binds to
the surface of the midgut of the insect that induces pore formation, swelling, and cytolysis,
eventually leading to death.
c. Isolation of specific Bt toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis and its integration into several
crops such as cotton and corn that are pest-resistant to specific insects.

Q16. The following are incomplete steps representing the production process of nematode-
resistant tobacco plants using the RNAi technique.
(i) Name the deficient steps in proper order.
(ii) RNAi silences the genes at which step?
Ans. (i) (b) Spliced mRNA is introduced into tobacco using Agrobacterium as a vector.
(d) Formation of dsRNA (double-stranded RNA).
(f) Silencing of specific mRNA of nematode
(g) Survival of parasites becomes difficult.
(ii) RNA interference can silence genes at the translation level.

Q17. Explain how Eli Lilly, an American company, produced insulin by recombinant DNA technology
Q18. (i) Mention the cause and the body system affected by ADA deficiency in humans.
(ii) Name the vector used for transferring ADA-DNA into the recipient cells in humans. Name the recipient cells.

Ans The first clinical gene therapy was given to a 4 year old girl with ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) deficiency in
1990. It is caused due to the deletion of the gene coding for ADA, which adversely . affects the functioning of
imnune system.
SECTION – D (5 MARKS EACH)

Several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals including


human beings. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of
tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was
adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA
interference (RNAi). RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a
method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific
mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents
translation of the mRNA (silencing). The source of this complementary RNA
could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile
genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.
Que. 1) Meloidegyne incognitiacauses …….. in yield.
Que. 2) In the insulin, Chain A and B were linked by ………….
Que. 3) Fully mature insulin contains extra stretch is called as ………….
Que. 4) Write the full form of RNAi. The process is recombinant DNA technology and
organism used is
Que. 5) Which hormone will help to manage diabetes?
Answer Key
Que. 1)(b) Reduction.
Que. 2) (d) Disulphide bridges.
Que. 3) (a) C peptide.
Que. 4) Answer: Full form of RNAi is RNA interference. E.coli.
Que. 5) Answer: Insulin is the hormone that manages diabetes.

SECTION – E (5 MARKS EACH)


Q19. What is GMO? List any five possible advantages of a GMO to a farmer.

ANS The plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whosegenes have been altered are called Genetically
Modified Organisms (GMOs). GM plants are useful in many ways.
Genetic modification has done the following changes to the phenotypic expression of the plants,

 Crops become more tolerant to abiotic stresses like cold, drought, salt and heat.
 Dependence on chemical pesticides has reduced, i.e. pest-resistant crops.
 Helped to reduce post-harvest losses.
 Efficiency of mineral usage increased in plants, preventing early exhaustion of fertility of soil.
 Enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g. vitamin-A enriched rice.

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