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Classifications According To Type

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13 views

Classifications According To Type

Uploaded by

jczdmkcrgr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO TYPE

CLASSIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO ORDER/DEGREE

CLASSIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO LINEARITY


(LINEAR/NOT LINEAR)

CLASSES OF LINEAR ORDINARY DE

SUMMARY
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Contains only first derivatives and one independent variable.
The dependent/independent variable could be any measurable
parameter and may be represented by any symbol.
Types:
1. Variable Separable
2. Homogenous Equation
3. Exact Equations
4. Linear Equations
5. Bernoulli Equations
Variable Separable
Given : M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
The variables x and y are separable if the equation can be written in
the form :
GENERAL FORM:

By rearranging, we have:

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
HOMOGENOUS FUNCTION
Polynomials in which all terms are of the same degree are called
homogenous polynomials.
A function f(x,y) is said to be homogeneous of degree in x and y if and
only if
f ( λx , λy) =λ^ f (x , y)

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
HOMOGENOUS COEFFICIENTS
A differential equation is homogenous if the degree of M( x,y )
and N ( x, y) are the same.
Variables are not separable
Solution:
a. If M(x , y) is simpler than N(x , y)
Substitute: x=vy then; dx= vdy + ydv
b. If N(x,y) is simpler than M(x, y)
Substitute: y=vx then; dy= vdx + xdv

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
POPULATION GROWTH AND DECAY
Let P = population at any time t.
P_ = to be the initial population
1. In 1948, the population of a certain country is 2.5 M. On what
year will the population triple if after 30 years, the population is
to be doubled. Assume the population of a certain country is
proportional to the population of any time t.

2. A certain radioactive material is known to decay at a rate


proportion to the amount present. If initially there is 20 mg of
the material present and after 2 years it is observed that 8% of
the original mass had decomposed. Find an equation for mass
at any time t and to what amount will be the mass have after 8
years?

3. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the quantity of


radium present. It is found out that in 25 years, approximately
1.1% of radium has decomposed. Determine how long it will
take 1⁄2 the original amount of radium to decompose.
4. A certain radioactive substance has a half – life of 38 years.
Find how long it takes for 90% to be dissipated.

5. A bacterial population is known to have a growth proportional to


itself. IF between noon and 2PM, the population triples, at what
time should the bacteria become 100 times what it was at
noon?

Continuous Compounding Interest


1. A depositor places Php 10,000 in a certificate of an account
which pays 8% interest per annum compounded continuously.
How much will be in the account after 8 years?
2. A certain sum of money P draws interest compounded
continuously. If at a certain time there is Po dollars in the
account, determine the time when the principal attains the
value of 2Po if the annual interest rate is a.) 2% b.) 4%

Newton’s Law of Cooling and Heating


According to Newton’s Law, the rate at which the substance cools or
heat is proportional to the difference between the temperature of the
substance and that of the air / surrounding temperature.
1. A thermometer reading 180F is brought into a room where the
temperature is 700F. 1 minute later, the thermometer reading is
310F. Determine the temperature as a function of time and the
temperature reading 5 min after the thermometer was brought
into the room.
2. A thermometer reading 750F is taken out where the temperature
is 200F. The reading is 300F 4 min later. Find a.) the
thermometer reading 7 min later the thermometer was brought
outside and b.) The time taken for the reading to drop from 750F
to within a half degree of the air temperature.

3. At 1:00 PM, a thermometer reading of 700F is taken outdoors


where the air temperature is – 100F. At 1:02 PM, the reading is
260F. At 1:05 PM, the thermometer is taken back indoors where
the air is at 700F. What is the thermometer reading at 1:09 PM?

4. At 9:00 AM, a thermometer reading of 700F is taken outdoors


where the temperature is 150F. At 9:02 AM, the thermometer
reads 450F. At 9:05 AM, the thermometer is taken back indoors
where the temperature is fixed at 700F. Find a.) The reading at
9:20 AM and b.) When the reading to the nearest degree will
show he correct 700F indoor temperature.
Flow Problems (Brine Solution)

1. A 100 gal of tank is filled with brine containing 50 lbs of


dissolved salt water enters the tank at a rate of 2 gal per min
and the mixture is kept uniform by stirring flow outs out at the
same rate. How many lbs of salt will be in the tank after 0.5 hr.
b.) If it flows out a rate of 3 gal per min, how many lbs of salt
will be there?
2. A tank contains 80 gal of pure water. A brine solution of 2 lbs
per gal of salt enters at 2 gal per min and the well – stirred
mixture leaves at the same rate. Find: a.) The amount of salt in
the tank at any time t. b.) The time at which the brine leaving
will contain 1 lb per gal of salt. c.) Determine the amount of
salt after a long time. d.) How much time must pass before the
amount of salt in the tank reaches 80% of the limiting value.

3. A tank initially contains 100 gal of fresh brine water in which


50 lbs of salt has been dissolved. Brine containing 2 lbs per gal
flows into the tank at 3 gal per min. The mixture is then kept
uniform by stirring, then flows out at a rate of 2 gal per min.
Find the amount of salt after 0.5 hr
.
4. Tank A initially holds 100 gal of brine that contains 100 lbs of
salt and tank B holds 100 gal of water. Two gal of water enters
A each minute and the mixture is kept uniform flows A into
tank B at the same rate. If the resulting mixture also kept
uniform runs out at a rate of 2 gal per min. How much is in
tank B at the end of 1 hr?

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