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 CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
1. The hybrid state of S in SO3 is similar to that of
a) C in C2 H2 b) C in C2 H4 c) C in CH4 d) C in CO2
2. The hydration energy of Mg2+ is larger than that of:
a) Al3+ b) Na+ c) Be2+ d) None of these
3. Number of lone pair (s) in XeOF4 is/are
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
4. Van der Waals’ forces between molecules depend upon:
a) Number of electrons b) Charge on nucleus c) Radius of atoms d) All of these
5. XeF6 is:
a) Octahedral
b) Pentagonal pyramidal
c) Planar
d) tetrahedral
6. The bond order in NO is 2.5 while that in NO+ is 3. Which of the following statements is true for these two
species?
a) Bond length in NO+ is greater than in NO
b) Bond length in NO is greater than in NO+
c) Bond length in NO+ is equal to than in NO
d) Bond length is unpredictable
7. An atom with atomic number 20 is most likely to combine chemically with the atom whose atomic number
is:
a) 11 b) 16 c) 18 d) 10
8. Which has the largest distance between the carbon hydrogen atom?
a) Ethane b) Ethene c) Ethyne d) Benzene
9. Length of hydrogen bond ranges from 2.5Å to:
a) 3.0 Å b) 2.75 Å c) 2.6 Å d) 3.2 Å
10. −30
If H − 𝑋 bond length is 2.00 Å and H − 𝑋 bond has dipole moment 5.12 × 10 C − m,
the percentage of ionic character in the molecule will be
a) 10% b) 16% c) 18% d) 20%
11. Which molecule is planar?
a) NH3 b) CH4 c) C2 H4 d) SiCl4
12. From the molecular orbital theory, one can show that the bond order in F2 molecule as
a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4
13. Two ice cubes are pressed over each other until they unite to form one block. Which one of the following
forces dominates for holding them together?
a) Dipole-dipole interaction b) Van der Waals’ forces
c) Hydrogen bond formation d) Covalent attraction
14. Maximum number of covalent bonds between two like atoms can be:
a) Three b) Two c) Four d) One
15. When sodium and chlorine react, energy is:
a) Released and ionic bond is formed
b) Released and covalent bond is formed
c) Absorbed and covalent bond is formed
d) Absorbed and ionic bond is formed
16. The maximum possible number of hydrogen bonds is a H2 O molecule can participate is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
17. The element having lowest ionisation energy among the following is:
a) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝3 b) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠1 c) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 d) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝5
18. + −
Bond energies in NO, NO and NO are such as
 a) NO− > NO > 𝑁O+ b) NO > NO− > 𝑁O+ c) NO+ > NO > NO− d) NO+ > NO− > NO
19. Two type FXF angles are present in which of the following molecules? (X=S, Xe, C)
a) SF4 b) XeF4 c) SF6 d) CF4
20. The bond angle between two hybrid orbitalsis 105°. The percentage of 𝑠-character of hybrid orbital is
between
a) 50 − 55% b) 9 − 12% c) 22 − 23% d) 11 − 12%
21. Which is electron deficient compound?
a) C2 H4 b) B2 H6 c) C2 H6 d) NaBH4
22. CCl4 is insoluble in water because:
a) CCl4 is non-polar and water is polar
b) Water is non-polar and CCl4 is polar
c) Water and CCl4 both are polar
d) None of the above
23. Which of the following is not correct regarding the properties of ionic compounds?
a) Ionic compounds have high metling and boiling points
b) Their reaction velocity in aqueous medium is very high
c) Ionic compounds in their molten and aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity
d) They are highly soluble in polar solvents
24. The number of sigma and pi (𝜋) bonds present in benzene respectively are
a) 12, 6 b) 6, 6 c) 6, 12 d) 12, 3
25. Which of the following is not tetrahedral?
a) BF4− b) NH4+ c) CO2−
3 d) SO2−
4
26. In PCl5 molecule, P is:
a) 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridized b) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2-hybridized c) 𝑑𝑠 3 𝑝-hybridized d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridized
27. The bond angle and % of d-character in SF6 are
a) 120°, 20% b) 90°, 33% c) 109°, 25% d) 90°, 25%
28. Linear combination of two hybridized orbitals, belonging to two atoms and each having one electron leads
to:
a) Sigma-bond
b) Double bond
c) Coordinate covalent bond
d) Pi-bond
29. In allene structure, three carbon atoms are joined by:
a) Three σ-and three π-bonds
b) Two σ- and one π-bond
c) Two σ-and two π-bonds
d) Three π-bonds only
30. Geometry of SiO4− 4 anion is
a) Tetrahedral b) Trigonal c) Trihedral d) Pentagonal
31. The carbon atom in graphite is:
a) 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridized b) 𝑠𝑝 3 -hybridized c) 𝑠𝑝-hybridized d) None of these
32. Boron cannot form which one of the following anions?
a) BF63− b) BH4− c) B(OH)− 4 d) BO−2
33. + −
If the ionic radii of K and F are about 1.34 Å each, then the expected values of atomic radii of K and F
should be respectively:
a) 1.34 and 1.34 Å b) 2.31 and 0.64 Å c) 0.64 and 2.31 Å d) 2.31 and 1.34 Å
34. If 𝑍-axis is the molecular axis, then 𝜋-molecularorbitals are formed by the overlap of
a) 𝑠 + 𝑝𝓏 b) 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦 c) 𝑝𝓏 + 𝑝𝓏 d) 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑝𝑥
35. Which one is the weakest bond?
a) Hydrogen b) Ionic c) Covalent d) Metallic
36. The total number of valency electrons for PO3− 4 ion is:
a) 32 b) 16 c) 28 d) 30
37. The ratio of σ and π-bonds in benzene is:
a) 2 b) 6 c) 4 d) 8
38. The geometry of PF5 molecule is:
a) Planar b) Square planar c) Trigonal bipyramidal d) Tetrahedral
39. Which one of the following linear structure?
(I)I3− (II)NO−2
(III)I3+ (IV)SO2
(V)N3−
a) I, II and III b) I and V c) II, III and IV d) All of these
40. According to MO theory, which of the following lists ranks the nitrogen species in terms of increasing bond
order?
a) N2− < N22− < N2 b) N2− < N2 < N22− c) N22− < N2− < N2 d) N2 < N22− < N2−
41. The equilateral triangle shape has:
a) 𝑠𝑝-hybridization b) 𝑠𝑝 2 -hybridization c) 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridization
42. Which of the following has fractional bond order?
a) O2+2 b) O2−
2 c) F22− d) H2−
43. For which of the following hybridization the bond angle is maximum?
a) 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
44. Experiment shows that H2 O has a dipole moment whereas, CO2 has not. Point out the structures which
best illustrate these facts:

a) b) c) d)

45. In TeCl4 , the central atom tellurium involves

a) 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation b) 𝑠𝑝 3 𝑑 hybridization c) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridisation d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation
46. Stability of hydrides generally increases with:
a) Increase in bond angle
b) Decrease in bond angle
c) Decrease in resonance
d) None of these
47. Which of the following is isoelectronicwithCO2 ?
a) NO2 b) NO c) N2 O d) N2 O4
48. Which can be described as a molecule with residual bonding capacity?
a) N2 b) CH4 c) NaCl d) BeCl2
49. Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon
a) Charge on the ion and size of the ion b) Packing of ions only
c) Size of the ion only d) Charge on the ion only
50. Identify the correct statement from below, concerning the structure of CH2 = C = CH2
a) The molecule is planar One of the three carbon atoms is in an-
b) 3
𝑠𝑝 hybridised state
The molecule is non - planar with the two – CH2d) All the carbon atoms are sp-hybridized
c) groups being in planes perpendicular to each
other
51. (i) H − C − H angle in CH4
(ii) Cl − B − Cl angle in BCl3
(iii) F − I − F angle in IF7 in a plane
(iv) I − I − I angle in I3−
Increasing order of above bond angles is
 a) (i) < (ii) < (iii) < (𝑖𝑣) b) (ii) < (i) < (iii) < (𝑖𝑣)
c) (iii) < (i) < (ii) < (𝑖𝑣) d) (iv) < (ii) < (i) < (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
52. Among the following elements, the most electronegative is:
a) Oxygen b) Chlorine c) Nitrogen d) Fluorine
53. Metallic bonds do not play a role in:
a) Brass b) Copper c) Germanium d) Zinc
54. Which 𝑝-orbitals overlapping would give the strongest bond?

a) b) c) d)

55. H2 O boils at higher temperature than H2 S because it is capable of forming:

a) Ionic bonds b) Covalent bonds c) Hydrogen bonds d) Metallic bonds
56. When two atomic orbitals combine, they form:
a) One molecular orbitals
b) Two molecular orbitals
c) Two bonding molecular orbitals
d) Two antibonding molecular orbitals
57. The correct increasing covalent nature is:
a) NaCl < 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑒𝐶l2 b) BeCl2 < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 < 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 c) BeCl2 < 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 d) LiCl < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑒𝐶l2
58. IP1 and IP2ofMg are 178 and 348 kcal mol−1 . The energy required for the reaction,
Mg ⟶ Mg2+ + 2e− is:
a) +170 kcal b) +526 kcal c) -170 kcal d) -526 kcal
59. The electronic configuration

can be assigned to
a) O2 b) O+2 c) O−2 d) O2−
2
60. Some of the properties of the two species, NO− +
3 and H3 O are described below. Which one of them is
correct?
a) Dissimilar in hybridization for the central atom with different structure
b) Isostructural with same hybridization for the central atom
c) Isostructural with different hybridization for the central atom
d) Similar is hybridization for the central atom with different structure
61. 6, 6
a) 6, 6 b) 6, 6 c) 6, 6 d) 6, 6
62. Greater the dipole moment:
a) Greater is the ionic nature
b) Lesser the polarity
c) Smaller the ionic nature
d) None of these
63. H−B−H bond angle in BH4− is:
a) 180 b) 120 c) 109 d) 90
64. Which of the following molecular orbitals has two nodal planes?
 a) 𝜎2𝑝𝑥 b) 𝜋2𝑝𝑦 c) 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑦 d) 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑝𝑥
65. The common feature among the species CN− , CO and NO+ are:
a) Bond order three and b) Bond order three and c) Bond order two and π- d) Isoelectronic and weak
isoelectronic weak field ligands acceptors field ligands
66. Hydrogen bonding is maximum in
a) C2 H5 OH b) CH3 OCH3 c) (CH3 )2 C = O d) CH3 CHO
67. The O—H bond distance in water molecule is:
a) 1.0Å b) 1.33 Å c) 0.96 Å d) 1.45 Å
68. 2+
O2 has a bond order of
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
69. Which among the following molecules/ ions is diamagnetic?
a) Super oxide ion
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon molecule
d) Unipositive ion of N2 molecule
70. The enolic form of acetone contains
a) 9 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond and two lone pairs
b) 8 sigma bonds, 2 pi bond and two lone pairs
c) 10 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond and one lone pairs
d) 9 sigma bonds, 2 pi bond and one lone pairs
71. Which of the following are isoelectronic and isostructural?
NO− 2− −
3 , CO3 , ClO3 , SO3
a) NO− 3 , CO3
2−
b) SO3 , NO−
3 c) ClO− 2−
3 , CO3 d) CO2−3 , SO3
72. Which of the following is paramagnetic with bond order 0.5?
a) F2 b) H2+ c) N2 d) O−2
73. Water has high heat of vaporization due to:
a) Covalent bonding b) H-bonding c) Ionic bonding d) None of these
74. The C – H bond distance is the longest in
a) C2 H6 b) C2 H2 c) C2 H2 Br2 d) C2 H4
75. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 2.0, then the percentage of covalent
character in the molecule is
a) 54% b) 46% c) 23% d) 72%
−
76. Structure of ICl2 is:
a) Trigonal
b) Octahedral
c) Square planar
d) Distorted trigonal pyramidal
77. Polar covalent compounds are soluble in:
a) Polar solvents b) Non-polar solvents c) Concentrated acids d) All solvents
−
78. N2 Ois isoelectronic to CO2 and N3 . Which of the following is the structure of N2 O?

a) b) N − O − N c) N − O − N d)

79. Which does not show hydrogen bonding?

a) C2 H5 OH b) Liquid NH3 c) H2 O d) Liquid HBr
80. All bond angles are exactly equal to 109° 28` in
a) Methyl chloride b) Iodoform
c) Chloroform d) Carbon tetrachloride
81. Which among the following has highest ionic radius?
a) F − b) B3+ c) O2− d) Li+
82. Zero dipole moment is possessed by
 a) PCl3 b) BF3 c) ClF3 d) NH3
83. The number of electrons involved in the bond formation of N2 molecule
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 10
84. Which one of the following orders is not in according with the property stated against it?
a) F2 > 𝐶l2 > 𝐵r2 > I2 ∶ Electronegativity
b) F2 > 𝐶l2 > 𝐵r2 > I2 : Bond dissociation energy
c) F2 > 𝐶l2 > 𝐵r2 > I2 : Oxidising power
d) HI > 𝐻𝐵𝑟 > 𝐻𝐶𝑙 > 𝐻𝐹 : Acidic property in water.
85. What is the dominant intermolecular force or bond that must be overcome in converting liquid CH3 OH to a
gas?
a) London dispersion force
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Dipole-dipole interaction
d) Covalent bonds
86. The incorrect statements regarding bonding molecular orbitals because:
a) Bonding molecular orbitals possess less energy than combining atomic orbitals.
b) Bonding molecular orbitals have low electron density between the two nuclei.
c) Every electron in bonding molecular orbitals contributes to attraction between atoms.
d) They are formed when the lobes of the combining atomic orbitals have same sign.
87. A coordinate bond is a dative covalent bond. Which of the below is true?
a) Three atom form bond by sharing their electrons b) Two atoms form bond by sharing their electrons
c) Two atoms form bond and one of them provides d) Two atoms form bond by sharing electrons
both electrons obtained from third atom.
88. The bond length between C – C bond in 𝑠𝑝 hybridised molecule is
2

a) 1.2 Å b) 1.39 Å c) 1.33 Å d) 1.54 Å

89. The electronegativity values of C, H, O, N and S are 2.5, 2.1, 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 respectively. Which of the
following bonds is most polar?
a) C—H b) N—H c) S—H d) O—H
90. Which of the following has largest size?
a) Al b) Al+ c) Al2+ d) Al3+
91. In which of the following, the bond length between hybridised carbon atom and other carbon atom is
minimum?
a) Propyne b) Propene c) Butane d) Propane
92. Which is expected to conduct electricity?
a) Diamond b) Molten sulphur c) Molten KCl d) Crystalline NaCl
93. Metals are good conductors of electricity because they contain
a) Ionic bonds b) A network structure
c) Very few valence electrons d) Free electrons
94. The species having pyramidal shape is
a) SO3 b) BrF3 c) SiO2−3 d) OSF2
95. The attraction that non-polar molecules have for each other is primarily caused by:
a) Hydrogen bonding
b) Difference in electronegativities
c) High ionisation energy
d) Van der Waals’ forces
96. In HCHO carbon atom has hybridisation:
a) 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) None of these
97. Which of the following species has four lone pairs of electrons in its outer shell?
a) I b) O− c) Cl− d) He
98. For AB bond if per cent ionic character is plotted against electronegativity difference (𝑋𝐴 − 𝑋𝐵 ), the shape
 of the curve would look like

The correct curve is

a) A b) B c) C d) D
99. Chlorine atom, in its third excited state, reacts with fluorine to form a compound X. The formula and shape
of X are
a) ClF5 , pentagonal
b) ClF4 , tetrahedral
c) ClF4 , pentagonal bipyramidal
d) ClF7 , pentagonal bipyramidal
100. The formation of the oxide ion O2− (g)requires first an exothermic and then an endothermic step as shown
below,
O(g) + 𝑒 ⟶ O− (g) ; ∆𝐻 = −142 kJ/mol
O− (g) + 𝑒 ⟶ O2− (g) ; ∆𝐻 = 844 kJ/mol
This is because:
a) O− ion has comparatively larger size than oxygen atom
b) Oxygen has high electron affinity
c) O− ion will lead to resist the addition of another electron
d) Oxygen is more electronegative
101. In which of the following molecules are all the bonds not equal?
a) AlF3 b) NF3 c) ClF3 d) BF3
102. Which of the following compound is covalent?
a) H2 b) KCl c) Na2 S d) CaO
103. Which of the following molecular species has unpaired electron (s)?
a) N2 b) F2 c) O−2 d) O2−
2
104. The correct order of bond angles is:
a) PF3 < 𝑃𝐶l3 < 𝑃𝐵r3 < 𝑃I3
b) PF3 < 𝑃𝐵r3 < 𝑃𝐶l3 < 𝑃I3
c) PI3 < 𝑃𝐵r3 < 𝑃𝐶l3 < 𝑃F3
d) PF3 > 𝑃𝐶l3 < 𝑃𝐵r3 < 𝑃I3
105. If the bond length and dipole moment of a diatomic molecule are 1.25 A and 1.0 D respectively, what is the
per cent ionic character of the bond?
a) 10.66 b) 12.33 c) 16.66 d) 19.33
106. The molecule which does not exhibit dipole moment is
a) NH3 b) CHCl3 c) H2 O d) CCl4
−
107. N2 accept electron and convert into N2 , where this electron goes?
a) Antibonding π-molecular orbital
b) Bonding π-molecular orbital
c) σ-bonding molecular orbital
d) σ-antibonding molecular orbital
108. The correct order of radii is:
a) N < 𝐵𝑒 < 𝐵 b) F − < O2− < N3− c) Na < 𝐿𝑖 < 𝐾 d) Fe3+ < 𝐹e2+ < 𝐹e4+
109. The bond order is maximum in:
a) H2 b) H2+ c) He2 d) He+2
110. Which of the following atoms has minimum covalent radius?
a) Si b) N c) C d) B
111. The screening effect of 𝑑-electrons is:
a) Equal to the 𝑝-electrons
b) Much more than𝑝-electrons
c) Same as 𝑓-electrons
d) Less than 𝑝-electrons
112. Which of the following statement is wrong?
a) The stability of hydrides increase from NH3 to BiH3 in group 15 of the periodic table.
b) Nitrogen cannot form 𝑑π − 𝑝πbond.
c) Single N—N bond is weaker than the single P—P bond.
d) N2 O4 has two resonance structure
113. The molecule having permanent dipole moment is:
a) SF4 b) XeF4 c) SiF4 d) BF3
114. Unusually high boiling point of water is result of
a) Intermolecular hydrogen bonding b) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding
c) Both intra and inter molecular hydrogen bonding d) High specific heat
115. Which of the following is least ionic?
a) CaF2 b) CaBr2 c) CaI2 d) CaCl2
116. What bond order does O2 have?
2−

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1/3
117. A compound contains X, Y and Z atoms. The oxidation states of X, Y and Z are +2, +2 and -2 respectively.
The possible formula of the compound is
a) 𝑋𝑌𝑍2 b) 𝑌2 (𝑋𝑍3 )2 c) 𝑋3 (𝑌4 𝑍)2 d) 𝑋3 (𝑌𝑍4 )3
118. Which one of the following is a non-polar molecule?
a) CCl4 b) CHCl3 c) CH2 Cl2 d) CH3 Cl
119. Which one of the following has the regular tetrahedral structure?
(Atomic numbers B = 5, S = 16, Ni = 28, Xe = 54)
a) XeF4 b) SF4 c) BF4− d) [Ni(CN)3 ]2−
120. If the dipole moment of toluene and nitro-benzene are 0.43 D and 3.93 D, then what is the expected dipole
moment of p-nitro toluene?
a) 3.50 D b) 2.18 D c) 4.36 D d) 5.30 D
121. Which of the following is most stable?
a) Pb2+ b) Ge2+ c) Si2+ d) Sn2+
122. In which of the following compound 𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation is absent?
a) CH2 = CH − CH = CH2 b) CH ≡ C − CH2 − CH3
c) CH2 − CH = CH2 d) CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH3
123. Which one of the following pairs of species has the same bond order:
a) NO+ and CN+ b) CN− and NO+ c) CN− and CN + d) O−2 and CN
−

124. Which of the following characteristics regarding halogens is not correct?

a) Ionization energy decreases with increase in atomic number.
b) Electronegativity decreases with increase in atomic number.
c) Electron affinity decreases with increase in atomic number.
d) Enthalpy of fusion increases with increase in atomic number.
125. The number of S – S bonds in sulphur trioxide is
a) Three b) Two c) One d) Zero
126. The low density of ice compared to water is due to
a) Induced dipole – induced dipole interactions
b) Dipole – induced dipole interaction
c) Hydrogen bonding interactions
d) Dipole –dipole interaction
127. Consider the following molecules or ions
(i)H2 O(ii)NH4+ (iii)SO2−
4
(iv)ClO− 4 (v)NH 3
𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation is involved in the formation of
a) (i), (ii) (v) only b) (i), (ii) only
c) (ii) only d) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
128. Which of the following compounds has dipole moment approximately equal to that of chlorobenzene?
a) 𝑜-dichlorobenzene
b) 𝑚-dichlorobenzene
c) 𝑝-dichlorobenzene
d) 𝑝-chloronitrobenzene
129. Which of the following overlaps leads to bonding?

a) b)

c) d)

130. Which of the following is correct?

a) The number of electrons present in the valence shell of S in SF6 is 12.
b) The rates of ionic reactions are very low.
c) According to VSEPR theory, SnCI2 is a linear molecule.
d) The correct order of ability to form ionic compounds among Na+ , Mg2+ and Al3+ is Al3+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝑁a+ .
131. The number of sigma and pi bonds in peroxodisulphuric acid are respectively
a) 9 and 4 b) 11 and 4 c) 4 and 8 d) 4 and 9
132. Which is not a paramagnetic species?
a) O2 b) O+2 c) O−2 d) O2−2
133.

a) 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
134. Electron deficient species are known as:
a) Lewis acids b) Hydrophilic c) Nucleophiles d) Lewis bases
135. The molecule having three folds of axis of symmetry is:
a) NH3 b) PCl5 c) SO2 d) CO2
136. The structure of ICl−
2 is:
a) Trigonal
b) Octahedral
 c) Square planar
d) Distorted trigonal bipyramid
137. Among the following the molecule with the highest dipole moment is
a) CH3 Cl b) CH2 Cl2 c) CHCl3 d) CCl4
138. Which of the following isnot isostructural with SiCl4 ?
a) PO3−
4 b) NH4+ c) SCl4 d) SO2−
4
139. A molecule which cannot exist theoretically is:
a) SF4 b) OF2 c) OF4 d) O2 F2
140. An atom 𝑋 has three valence electrons and atom 𝑌 has six valence electrons. The compound formed
between them will have the formula
a) 𝑋2 𝑌6 b) 𝑋𝑌2 c) 𝑋2 𝑌3 d) 𝑋3 𝑌2
141. Which one is polar molecule among the following?
a) CH4 b) CCl4 c) CO2 d) H2 O
142. Shape of molecules is decided by:
a) Sigma bond
b) π-bond
c) Both sigma and π-bonds
d) Neither sigma nor π-bonds
143. The shape of carbon dioxide is
a) Pyramidal b) Tetrahedral c) Planar d) linear
144. The correct ionic radii order is:
a) N3− > O2− > F − > 𝑁a+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+
b) N3− > Na+ > O2− > F − > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+
c) Na+ > O2− > N3− > F − > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+
d) O2− > F − > 𝑁a+ > N3− > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+
145. Which is not linear?
a) CO2 b) HCN c) C2 H2 d) H2 O
146. Hybridisation of oxygen in diethyl ether is
a) Sp b) 𝑠𝑝 2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
147. What is the effect of more electronegative atom on the strength of ionic bond?
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) None of these
148. Which of the following two are isostructural?
a) XeF2 , IF2− b) NH3 , BF3 c) CO2− 2−
3 , SO3 d) PCl5 , ICl5
149. NF3 is:
a) Non-polar compound
b) Electrovalent compound
c) Having low value of dipole moment than NH3
d) Having more dipole moment than NH3
150. Molecular size of ICl and Br2 is nearly same, but boiling point of ICl is about 40C higher than Br2 . This
might be due to:
a) I—Cl bond is stronger than Br—Br bond
b) Ionisation energy of I < ionisation energy of Br
c) ICl is polar where as Br2 is non-polar
d) The size of I > size of Br
151. Which molecule is linear?
a) H2 S b) NO2 c) ClO2 d) CO2
152. Which of the following shows minimum melting point?
a) Naphthalene b) Diamond c) NaCl d) Mn
153. Which of the following does not have a lone pair on the central atom?
a) NH3 b) PH3 c) BF3 d) PCl3
154. Molecular orbital theory was given by
a) Kossel b) Mosley c) Mulliken d) Werner
155. NH3 has a net dipole moment, but boron trifluoride (BF3 ) has zero dipole moment, because:
a) B is less electronegative than N
b) F is more electronegative than H
c) BF3 is pyramidal while NH3 is planar
d) NH3 is pyramidal while BF3 is trigonal planar
156. Proton plays an important role in…bonding.
a) Electrovalent b) Hydrogen c) Covalent d) Coordinate
157. Which represents a collection of isoelectronic species?
a) Be, Al3+ , Cl− b) Ca2+ , Cs+ , Br c) Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg 2+ d) N3− , F − , Na+
158. An electrovalent compound does not exhibit space isomerism due to:
a) Presence of ions
b) High melting point
c) Strong electrostatic forces between constituent ions
d) Non-directional nature of electrovalent bond
159. In which molecule Sulphur atom is not 𝑠𝑝3-hybridized?
a) SO2−4 b) SF4 c) SF2 d) None of these
160. In which one of the following species, the central atom has the type of hybridization which is not the same
as that present in other three?
a) SF4 b) I3− c) SbCl2−
5 d) PCl5
161. The radii of F, F , O and O are in the order of:
− 2−

a) O2− > F − > 𝐹 > 𝑂 b) F − > O2− > 𝐹 > 𝑂 c) O2− > 𝑂 > F − > 𝐹 d) O2− > F − > 𝑂 > 𝐹
162. The correct order of decreasing second ionisation enthalpy of Ti(22), V(23), Cr(24) and Mn(25) is:
a) V > 𝑀𝑛 > 𝐶𝑟 > 𝑇𝑖 b) Mn > 𝐶𝑟 > 𝑇𝑖 > 𝑉 c) Ti > 𝑉 > 𝐶𝑟 > 𝑀𝑛 d) Cr > 𝑀𝑛 > 𝑉 > 𝑇𝑖
163. How many 𝜎 and 𝜋-bonds are present in given compound?
Ph − CH = C − C2 H5
|
CH3
a) 19 𝜎 and 4 𝜋 − bonds b) 22 𝜎 and 4 𝜋 − bonds
c) 25 𝜎 and 4 𝜋 − bonds d) 26 𝜎 and 4 𝜋 − bonds
164. C − Cl bond is stronger than C – Ibond, because
a) C − Cl bond is more ionic than C – I b) C − Cl bond is polar covalent bond
c) C − Cl bond is more covalent than C – I d) C − Cl bond length is longer than C – I
165. The ICl molecule is:
a) Purely covalent
b) Purely electrovalent
c) Polar with negative end on chlorine
d) Polar with negative end on iodine
166. Which of the following silver salts is insoluble in water?
a) AgClO4 b) Ag 2 SO4 c) AgF d) AgNO3
167. Silicon has 4 electrons in the outermost orbit. In forming the bond:
a) It gains electrons b) It losses electrons c) It shares electrons d) None of these
168. The shape of gaseous SnCl2 is
a) Tetrahedral b) Linear c) Angular d) 𝑇-shape
169. Chlorine atom tends to acquire the structure of:
a) He b) Ne c) Ar d) Kr
170. The d – orbital involved in 𝑠𝑝3 d – hybridisation is
a) 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦2 b) 𝑑𝑥𝑦 c) 𝑑𝑧 2 d) 𝑑𝑧𝑥
+
171. When O2 is converted into O2 ;
 a) Both paramagnetic character and bond order increase
b) Bond order decreases
c) Paramagnetic character increases
d) Paramagnetic character decreases and the bond order increases
172. Intramolecular hydrogen bond is present in
a) Water b) o-nitrophenol c) p-nitrophenol d) methylamine
173. A pair of compounds which have odd electrons in the group NO, CO, ClO2 , N2 Os , SO2 and O2are
a) NO and ClO2 b) COI and SO2 c) ClO2 and CO d) SO2 andO3
174. According to VSEPR theory the repulsion between different pair (lone or bond) of electrons obey the order
a) lpbplplpbpbp b) lpbpbpbplplp
c) lplplpbpbpbp d) bpbplplplpbp
175. The bond between two identical non-metal atoms has a pair of electrons:
a) Unequally shared between the two
b) Equally shared between the two
c) Transferred fully from one atom to another
d) None of the above
176. The bond angle in AsH3 is greater than that in
a) NH3 b) H2 O c) BCl3 d) None of these
177. The correct order of increasing electropositive character among Cu, Fe and Mg is:
a) Cu ≈ Fe < 𝑀𝑔 b) Fe < 𝐶𝑢 < 𝑀𝑔 c) Fe < 𝑀𝑔 < 𝐶𝑢 d) Cu < 𝐹𝑒 < 𝑀𝑔
178. H—O—H bond angle in H2 O is 104.5 and not 10928′ because of:
a) High electronegativity of oxygen
b) Bond pair-bond pair repulsion
c) Lone pair-lone pair repulsion
d) Lone pair-bond pair repulsion
179. The bond order in O+ 2 is equal to bond order in:
+
a) N2 b) CN− c) CO d) NO+
180. The electron affinity for inert gases is likely to be:
a) High b) Small c) Zero d) Positive
181. The true statements from the following are
1.PH5 and BiCl5 do not exist
2.𝑝𝜋 − 𝑑𝜋 bond is present in SO2
3.Electrons travel at the speed of light
4.SeF4 and CH4 have same shape
5.I3+ has bent geometry
a) 1,3 b) 1,2,5 c) 1,3,5 d) 1,2,4
182. 1,3-butadiene has:
a) 6σ and 2π-bonds b) 2σ and 2π-bonds c) 9σ and 2π-bonds d) 6σ and 2π-bonds
183. The bond between atoms of two elements of atomic number 37 and 53 is:
a) Covalent b) Ionic c) Coordinate d) Metallic
184. In methane the bond angle is
a) 180° b) 90° c) 109° d) 120°
185. One would expect the elemental form of Cs at room temperature to be:
a) A network solid b) A metallic solid c) Non-polar liquid d) An ionic liquid
186. Which of the following is false?
a) Glycerol has strong hydrogen bonding
b) Glycol is a poisonous alcohols
c) Waxes are esters of higher alcohols with higher acids
d) Alkyl halides have higher b.p. than corresponding alcohols
187. Ionic radii are:
 1
a) ∝
effective nuclear charge
1
b) ∝ (
effective nuclear charge)2
c) ∝ effective nuclear charge
d) ∝ (effective nuclear charge)2
188. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) He2 does not exist because its bond order is zero
b) O2 , O− +
2 and O2 are all paramagnetic
c) Any two atomic orbitals can combine to form two molecular orbitals
d) 𝜋(2𝑝𝑥 ) and 𝜋(2𝑝𝑦 )are degenerate molecular orbitals
189. Which of the following pairs will from the most stable ionic bond?
a) Na and Cl b) Mg and F c) Li and F d) Na and F
190. Among NaF, NaCl NaBr and NaI, the NaF has highest melting point because:
a) It has maximum ionic character
b) It has minimum ionic character
c) It has associated molecules
d) It has least molecular weight
191. The planar structure of BF3 can be explained by the fact that BF3 is
a) sp hybridized b) 𝑠𝑝 2 hybridised c) 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑hybridized
192. The correct order of bond order value among the following is
(i) NO− (ii) NO+
(iii)NO (iv) NO2+
2−
(v) NO
a) (i) < (iv) < (iii) < (ii) < (𝑣) b) (iv) = (ii) < (i) < (v) < (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
c) (v) < (i) < (iv) = (iii) < (𝑖𝑖) d) (ii) < (iii) < (iv) < (i) < (𝑣)
193. The bond between chlorine and bromine in BrCl3 is:
a) Ionic
b) Non-polar
c) Polar with negative end on Br −
d) Polar with negative end on Cl−
194. Which of the following has regular tetrahedral shape?
a) [Ni(CN)4 ]2− b) SF4 c) [BF4 ]− d) XeF4
195. Which of the following will have large dipole moment?

a) b) c) d)

196. PCl5 exists but NCl5 does not because:

a) Nitrogen has no vacant 2𝑑-orbitals
b) NCl5 is unstable
c) Nitrogen atom is much smaller than phosphorus
d) Nitrogen is highly mert
197. In which of the following pairs the two species are not isostructural?
a) PCl+
4 and SiCl4 b) PF5 and BrF5 c) AlF63− and SF6 d) CO2− −
3 and NO3
198. The molecule having a pyramidal shape out of the following is
 a) CO2 b) BF3 c) SF4 d) NH3
199. If Na+ ion is larger than Mg2+ ion and S2− is larger thanCl− ion, which of the following will be stable
soluble in water?
a) Sodium chloride b) Sodium sulphide c) Magnesium chloride d) Magnesium sulphide
200. An atom of an element A has three electrons in its outermost orbit and that of B has six electrons in its
outermost orbit. The formula of the compound between these two will be
a) 𝐴3 𝐵6 b) 𝐴2 𝐵3 c) 𝐴3 𝐵2 d) 𝐴2 𝐵
201. The energy of σ 2𝑠-orbital is greater than σ∗ 1𝑠 orbital because:
a) σ 2𝑠 orbital is bigger than σ∗ 1𝑠 orbital
b) σ 2𝑠 orbital is a bonding orbital whereas, σ∗ 1𝑠 is an antibonding orbital
c) σ 2𝑠 orbital has a greater value of 𝑛 than σ∗ 1𝑠 orbital
d) None of the above
202. The bond angle in ammonia molecule is
a) 90°3′ b) 91°8′ c) 106°45′ d) 109°28′
203. The compound in which the number of d p bonds are equal to those present in ClO− 4
a) XeF4 b) XeO3 c) XeO4 d) XeF6
204. The correct order of bond angles (smallest first) in H2 S, NH3 , BF3 and SiH4 is
a) H2 S < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝑁H3 < 𝐵F3 b) NH3 < H2 S < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝐵F3
c) H2 S < 𝑁H3 < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝐵F3 d) H2 S < 𝑁H3 < 𝐵F3 < 𝑆𝑖H4
205. A covalent molecule 𝐴𝐵3 has pyramidal structure. The number of lone pair and bond pair of electrons in
the molecule are respectively.
a) 2 and 2 b) 0 and 4 c) 3 and 1 d) 1 and 3
206. Be in BeCl2 undergoes
a) Diagonal hybridisation b) Trigonalhybridisation
c) Tetrahedral hybridisation d) No hybridisation
207. Which statement is wrong?
a) Hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals prior to their combining into molecular orbitals
b) 𝑠𝑝2 -hybrid orbitals are formed from two 𝑝-atomic orbitals and one 𝑠-atomic orbitals
c) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 2-hybrid orbitals are all at 90 to one another
d) 𝑑2 𝑠𝑝2 -hybrid orbitals are directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron
208. In the anion HCOO− the two carbon-oxygen bonds are found to be of equal length. What is the reason for
it?
a) Electronic orbits of carbon atom are hybridised
b) The C=O bond is weaker than the C − O bond
c) The anion HCOO− has two resonating structures
d) The anion is obtained by removal of a proton from the acid molecule
209. Which of the following molecules has three fold axis of symmetry?
a) NH3 b) C2 H4 c) CO2 d) SO2
210. Oxygen and the oxide ion have the
a) Same proton number b) Same electronic configuration
c) Same electron number d) Same size
211. Valence bond theory of metallic bond was given by
a) Dalton b) Drudel c) Fajan d) Pauling
212. The correct order of second ionisation potential of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine is:
a) C > 𝑁 > 𝑂 > 𝐹 b) O > 𝑁 > 𝐹 > 𝐶 c) O > 𝐹 > 𝑁 > 𝐶 d) F > 𝑂 > 𝑁 > 𝐶
213. The molecule which has T – shaped structure is
a) PCl3 b) ClF3 c) NH3 d) BCl3
214. As a result of resonance:
a) Bond length decreases
b) Energy of the molecules decreases
 c) Stability of the molecule increases
d) All are correct
215. The pair of species with the same bond order is:
a) NO, CO b) N2 , O2 c) O2−
2 , B2 d) O+2 , NO
+

216. Which of the following molecules has pentagonal bipyramidal shape?

a) PF5 b) SF6 I c) XeF6 d) [Fe(CN)6 ]3−
217. The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms in calcium carbide is
a) One sigma, two pi b) One sigma, one pi c) Two sigma, one pi d) Two sigma, two pi
218. The bond angle between H—O—H in ice is closest to:
a) 115 ͦ b) 109 ͦ28′ c) 110 ͦ d) 90 ͦ
219. If a molecule 𝑀𝑋3 has zero dipole moment the sigma bonding orbitals used by 𝑀 (at. No. < 21) is:
a) Pure𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝-hybrid c) 𝑠𝑝2 -hybrid d) 𝑠𝑝3 -hybrid
220. Which combination of atoms can form a polar covalent bond?
a) H and H b) H and Br c) N and N d) Na and Br
221. The bond strength in O2 , O2 , O2 and O2 follows the order:
+ − 2−

a) O2− −
2 > O2 > O2 > O2
+
b) O+ −
2 > O2 > O2 > O2
2−
c) O2 > O− 2−
2 > O2 > O2
+
d) O− 2− +
2 > O2 > O2 > O2
222. The shape of XeF4 molecule and hybridisation of xenon in it are
a) Tetrahedral and 𝑠𝑝3 b) Square planar and 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
c) Square planar and 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 d) Octahedral and 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2
−
223. In H2 ion, the bond order is:
a) Zero b) 1/2 c) -1/2 d) 1
224. H-bonding is not present in:
a) Glycerine b) Water c) H2 S d) HF
225. In which of the following gaseous molecules, the ionic character of the covalent bond is greatest?
a) HCl b) HBr c) HI d) HF
226. The angle between the overlapping of one 𝑠-orbital and one 𝑝-orbital is:
a) 180 b) 120 c) 10928′ d) 12060′
227. How many bonds are there in?

a) 14 σ, 8π b) 18 σ, 8π c) 19 σ, 4π d) 14 σ, 2π
228. Which is the correct statement about σ and π molecular orbitals? Statements are
(i) π-bonding orbitals are ungerade
(ii) π-antibondingorbitals are ungerade
(iii) σ-antibondingorbitals are gerade
a) (i) only b) (ii) and (iii) only c) (iii) only d) (ii) only
229. Among the following statement, the correct statement about PH3 and NH3 is:
NH3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron occupies spherical 𝑠-orbital and is less
a)
directional
PH is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron occupies 𝑠𝑝3 -orbital and is more
b) 3
directional
NH3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron occupies 𝑠𝑝3 -orbital and more
c)
directional
PH is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron occupies spherical 𝑠-orbital and is less
d) 3
directional
230. Which is expected to have linear structure?
a) SO2 b) CO2 c) CO2−3 d) SO2−
4
231. The bond angle in PH3 is:
a) Much lesser than NH3 b) Equal to that in NH3 c) Much greater than in d) Slightly more than in
 NH3 NH3
232. Carnallite in solution in water shows the properties of
a) K + , Mg 2+ , Cl− b) K + , Cl− , SO2−
4 , Br
−
c) K + , Mg 2+ , CO2− 3 d) K + , Mg 2+ , Cl− , Br −
233. A simple of a coordinate covalent bond is exhibited by
a) HCl b) NH3 c) C2 H2 d) H2 SO4
234. In the series ethane, ethylene and acetylene, the C—H bond energy is:
a) The same in all the three compounds
b) Greatest in ethane
c) Greatest in ehtylene
d) Greatest in acetylene
235. In which molecule the van der Waals’ force is likely to be the most important in determining the m.p. and
b.p.?
a) Br2 b) CO c) H2 S d) HCl
236. Identify the wrong statement in the following:
a) Atomic radius of the elements increases as one moves down the first group of the periodic table
b) Atomic radius of the elements decreases as one moves across from left to right in the 2nd period of the
periodic table
c) Amongst isoelectronic species, smaller the positive charge on the cation, smaller is the ionic radius
d) Amongst isoelectronic species, greater the negative charge on the anion, larger is the ionic radius
237. (I)1, 2-dihydroxy benzene
(II) 1, 3-dihydroxy benzene
(III) 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene
(IV) Hydroxy benzene
The increasing order of boiling points of above mentioned alcohols is
a) I < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝑉 b) I < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝑉 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼
c) IV < 𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 d) IV < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼
238. Dipole moment is shown by
a) cis- 1, 2-dichloro ethane b) trans-1, 2-dichloro ethane
c) trans-1 2-dichloro-2 peptene d) Both (a) and (c)
239. Compounds formed by 𝑠𝑝 𝑑 -hybridization will have configuration:
3 2

a) Square planar
b) Octahedral
c) Trigonal bipyramidal
d) Pentagonal bipyramidal
240. In which molecular are all atoms coplanar?
a) PF3 b) NH3 c) BF3 d) CH4
241. The AsF5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal.The hybrid orbitals used by the As atoms for bonding are
a) 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦2 , 𝑑𝑧 2 , 𝑠, 𝑃𝑥 , 𝑃𝑦 b) 𝑑𝑥𝑦 , 𝑠, 𝑃𝑥 , 𝑃𝑧 c) 𝑠, 𝑃𝑥 , 𝑃𝑦 , 𝑃𝑧 , 𝑑𝑧 2 d) 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦2 , 𝑠, 𝑃𝑥 , 𝑃𝑦
+
242. The bond order of N2 is
a) 1.5 b) 3.0 c) 2.5 d) 2.0
243. CO2 is isostructural with
a) C2 H2 b) SnCI2 c) NO2 d) MgCI2
244. The compound with the maximum dipole moment among the following is:
a) 𝑝-dichlorobenzene b) 𝑚-dichlorobenzene c) 𝑜-dichlorobenzene d) Carbon tetrachloride
245. Which of the following bonds require the largest amount of energy to dissociate the bond concerned?
a) H—H bond in H2 b) C—H bond in CH4 c) N ≡ N bond in N2 d) O = O bond in O2
246. The sequence that correctly describes the relative bond strength pertaining to oxygen molecule and its
cation or anion is
a) O2− −
2 > O2 > O2 > O2
+
b) O2 > O+ −
2 > O2 > O2
2−

c) O+2 > O2 > O2 > O2

2− −
d) O+2 > O2 > O2 > O2
− 2−
247. The type of hybridisation in XeF4 is
a) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 2 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 𝑑 c) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3
248. What bond order does Li2 have?
a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) 0
249. Which have zero dipole moment?
a) 1,1-dichloroethene
b) 𝐶𝑖𝑠-1, 2-dichloroethene
c) 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-1, 2-dichlorothene
d) None of the above
250. Strongest bond is formed by the head on overlapping of:
a) 2𝑠-and 2𝑝-orbitals b) 2𝑝- and 2𝑝-orbitals c) 2𝑠- and 2𝑠- orbitals d) All of these
251. Hybridization state of I in ICl+ 2 is :
a) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 2 b) 𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝3
252. Arrange the following compound in order of increasing dipole moment:
Toluene (I) 𝑚-dichlorobenzene (II)
𝑜-dichlorobenzene (III) 𝑝-dichlorobenzene (IV)
a) I < 𝐼𝑉 < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 b) IV < 𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 c) IV < 𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼 d) IV < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼
253. Which has maximum covalent character?
a) SiCl4 b) MgCl2 c) NaCl d) AlCl3
254. Which species does not exist?
a) (SnCl6 )2− b) (GeCl6 )2− c) (CCl6 )2− d) (SiCl6 )2−
255. Among the following which has the highest cation to anion size ratio?
a) CsI b) CsF c) LiF d) NaF
256. The dipole moment of HBr is 1.6 × 10 −30
cm and inter – atomic spacing is 1 Å. The % ionic character of
HBr is
a) 7 b) 10 c) 15 d) 27
257. When an element of very low ionisation potential is allowed to react with an element of very high electron
affinity, we get:
a) A weak ionic bond b) A strong ionic bond c) A polar covalent bond d) No bond
258. Ionization potential is lowest for:
a) Halogens b) Inert gases c) Alkaline earth metals d) Alkali metals
259. The orbitals of same energy level providing the most efficient overlapping are:
a) 𝑠𝑝3 -𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 -𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝2 -𝑠𝑝2 d) All of these
260. The covalent compound HCl has the polar character because:
a) The electronegativity of hydrogen is greater than that of chlorine
b) The electronegativity of hydrogen is equal to than that of chlorine
c) The electronegativity of chlorine is greater than that of hydrogen
d) Hydrogen and chlorine are gases
261. Identify the non-polar molecule in the set of compounds given
HCl, HF, H2 , HBr
a) H2 b) HCl c) HF, HBr d) HBr
262. Which one of the following compounds has 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation?
2

a) CO2 b) SO2 c) N2 O d) CO
263. The increasing order of the ionic radii of the given isoelectronic species is:
a) S2− , Cl− , Ca2+ , K + b) Ca2+ , K + , Cl− , S2− c) K + , S2− , Ca2+ , Cl− d) Cl− , Ca2+ , K + , S2−
264. Which cannot exist on the basis of M.O. theory?
a) C2 b) He+2 c) H2+ d) He2
265. Which of the following does not involve covalent bond?
a) PH3 b) CsF c) HCl d) H2 S
266. B10 C2 H12 is isoelectronic with
 +
2−
a) B12 H12 b) B12 H12 c) B12 H12 d) B12 H122+

267. The electronegativity of A and B are 1.20 and 4.0 respectively. Therefore, ionic character in 𝐴 − 𝐵 bond
will be
a) 50% b) 43% c) 53.3% d) 72.23%
268. During the formation of a chemical bond
a) Electron-electron repulsion becomes more than b) Energy of the system does not change
the nucleus-electron repulsion attraction
c) Energy increases d) Energy decreases
269. The number of ions formed when a molecule of K 4 Fe(CN)6 dissociates is:
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 2
270. Pair of species having identical shapes for molecules is
a) CF4 , SF4 b) BF3 , PCl3 c) XeF2 , CO2 d) PF5 , IF7
271. An example of a polar covalent compound is
a) KCl b) NaCl c) CCl4 d) HCl
272. Which is not an exception to octet rule?
a) BF3 b) SnCl4 c) BeI2 d) ClO2
273. The molecules having dipole moment are:
a) 2, 2-dimethylpropane
b) 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-3-hexene
c) 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-2-pentene
d) 2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylbutane
274. Which of the following species has a bond order other than 3?
a) CO b) CN− c) NO+ d) O+2
275. Which of the following is planar?
a) XeF2 b) XeO3 F c) XeO2 F2 d) XeF4
276. Among the following species, identify the pair having same bond order CN− , O− 2 , NO +
, CN +
a) CN− and O− 2 b) O−2 and NO
+
c) CN− and NO+ d) CN− and CN +
277. The bond angle and dipole moment of water respectively, are
a) 109.5°, 1.84 D b) 107.5°, 1.56 D c) 104.5°, 1.84 D d) 102.5°, 1.56 D
278. The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following species is:
a) Cl2 O < 𝐶𝑙O2 < 𝐶𝑙O− 2 b) ClO2 < 𝐶l2 O < 𝐶𝑙O− 2 c) Cl2 O < 𝐶𝑙O−2 < 𝐶𝑙O2 d) ClO− 2 < 𝐶l2 O < 𝐶𝑙O2
279. Which compound shows hydrogen bonding?
a) 𝑅CH2 NHCH3 b) 𝑅CH2 CHO c) C2 H6 d) HCl
280. Chlorine atom differs from chloride ion in the number of:
a) Protons
b) Neutrons
c) Electrons
d) Protons and electrons
281. What is the reason for unusual high b.p. of water?
a) Due to the presence of H + and OH − ions in water b) Due to dipole – dipole interactions
c) Due to London forces d) Strong London Forces
282. The increasing order of the first ionization enthalpies of the elements B, P, S and F (lower first) is:
a) F < 𝑆 < 𝑃 < 𝐵 b) P < 𝑆 < 𝐵 < 𝐹 c) B < 𝑃 < 𝑆 < 𝐹 d) B < 𝑆 < 𝑃 < 𝐹
283. The IP1 , IP2 , IP3 , IP4 , and IP5 of an element are 7.1, 14.3, 34.5, 46.8, 162.2 eV respectively. The element is
likely to be:
a) Na b) Si c) F d) Ca
284. Which of the following is paramagnetic?
a) B2 b) C2 c) N2 d) F2
285. Ionization potential of Na would be numerically the same as:
a) Electron affinity of Na+
 b) Electronegativity of Na+
c) Electron affinity of He
d) Ionization potential of Mg
286. Which one of the following conversions involve change in both hybridisation and shape?
a) CH4 ⟶ C2 H6 b) NH3 ⟶ NH4+ c) BF3 ⟶ BF4− d) H2 O ⟶ H3 O+
287. According to MO theory,
a) O+2 is paramagnetic and bond order greater than O2
b) O+2 is paramagnetic and bond order less than O2
c) O+2 is diamagnetic and bond order is less than O2
d) O+2 is diamagnetic and bond order is more than O2
288. If the molecule of HCl were totally polar, the expected value of dipole moment is 6.12 D (dbye), but the
experimental value of dipole moment was 1.03 D. Calculate the percentage ionic character
a) 17 b) 83 c) 50 d) Zero
289. The order of first electron affinity of O, S and Se is:
a) O > 𝑆 > 𝑆𝑒 b) S > 𝑂 > 𝑆𝑒 c) Se > 𝑂 > 𝑆 d) Se > 𝑆 > 𝑂
290. The nodal plane in the 𝜋-bond of ethane is located in:
a) The molecular plane
b) A plane parallel to the molecular plane
c) A plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which bisects the carbon-carbon σ-bond at right angle
d) A plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which contains the carbon-carbon σ-bond
291. The correct electronegativity order is:
a) C, N, Si, P b) N, Si, C, P c) Si, P, C, N d) P, Si, N, C
292. The pair of species having identical shapes for molecules of both species is
a) CF4 , SF4 b) XeF2 , CO2 c) BF3 , PCl3 d) PF5 , IF5
293. Amongst the following, the molecule that is linear is
a) SO2 b) CO2 c) ClO2 d) NO2
294. Using MO theory predict which of the following species has the shortest bond length?
a) O2+
2 b) O+2 c) O−2 d) O2−
2
295. The hybridisation of carbon atom in benzene is?
a) 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
296. Bond angle between two hybrid orbitals is 105. Hybrid character orbital is:
a) Between 20-21% b) Between 19-20% c) Between 21-22% d) Between 22-23%
297. KFcombines with HF to form KHF2. The compound contains the species:
a) K + , F − and H + b) K + , F − and HF c) K + and [HF2 ]− d) [KHF]+ and F −
298. 𝑜-hydroxy benzaldehyde, although contains enolic group but does not give test of group with FeCl3
because:
a) It is steam volatile
b) Of intermolecular H-bonding
c) Of intramolecular H-bonding
d) All of the above
299. Iron is tougher than sodium because:
a) Iron atom is smaller
b) Iron atoms are more closely packed
c) Metallic bonds are stronger in iron
d) None of the above
300. Correct order of bond angles in NH3 , PCl3 and BCl3 is
a) PCl3 > 𝑁H3 > 𝐵𝐶l3 b) NH3 > 𝐵𝐶l3 > 𝑃𝐶l3
c) NH3 > 𝑃𝐶l3 > 𝐵𝐶l3 d) BCl3 > 𝑁H3 > 𝑃𝐶l3
301. The number of π- bonds present in propyne is
a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 2
302. A bond with maximum covalent character between non-metallic elements is formed:
a) Between identical atoms
b) Between chemically similar atoms
c) Between atoms of widely different electro-negativities
d) Between atoms of the same size
303. The compound in which underlined carbon uses only its 𝑠𝑝3 hybrid orbitals for bond formation is
a) CH3 COOH b) CH3 CONH2 c) CH3 CH2 OH d) CH2 CH = CH2
304. Consider the following compounds
(i) chloroethene (ii) benzene
(iii) 1, 3-butadiene (iv) 1,3,5 – hexatriene
All the carbon atoms are 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised in
a) (i), (iii), (iv) only b) (i), (ii) only c) (ii), (ii), (iv) only d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
305. When ionic compounds get dissolved in water:
a) They involve heat changes
b) Inter-ionic attraction is reduced
c) Ions show dipole-ion attraction with water molecules
d) All are correct
306. Pick the odd one out (The one having zero dipole moment):
a) NH3 b) H2 O c) BCl3 d) SO2
307. Which of the following shows minimum bond angle?
a) H2 O b) H2 Se c) H2 S d) H2 Te
308. Among the following isostructural compounds, identify the compound which has the highest lattice energy
a) LiF b) LiCl c) NaCl d) MgO
309. Which species is diamagnetic in nature?
a) He+ 2 b) H2 c) H2+ d) H2−
310. Which of the following compounds would have the highest boiling point?
a) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 b) CH3 NH2 c) CH3 OH d) CH2 F2
311. Hybridisation of central atom in NF3 is
a) 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
312. Which of the compounds has highest boiling point?
a) Acetone b) Diethyl ether c) Methanol d) Ethanol
313. The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC2 are:
a) One sigma (σ) and one pi (π)-bond
b) One sigma (σ) and two pi (π)-bonds
c) One sigma (σ) and one and a half pi (π)-bond
d) One sigma (σ) bond
314. Which of the following hydrogen bonds are strongest in vapour phase?
a) HF---HF b) HF---HCl c) HCL---HCl d) HF---Hi
315. The bond angle and hybridization in ether (CH3 OCH3 ) is:
a) 106 ͦ 51′ , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 104 ͦ 31 ′ , 𝑠𝑝3 c) 110 ͦ , 𝑠𝑝3 d) None of these
316. Which has the highest bond energy?
a) Hydrogen bond b) Triple bond c) Double bond d) Single bond
317. Among the following compounds the one that is polar and has central atom with 𝑠𝑝 2 -hybridisation is:
a) H2 CO3 b) SiF4 c) BF3 d) HClO2
318. The incorrect statement among the following is:
a) The first ionization potential of Al is less than the first ionization potential of Mg
b) The second ionization potential of Mg is greater than the second ionization potential of Na
c) The first ionization potential of Na is less than the first ionization potential of Mg
d) The third ionization potential of Mg is greater than the third ionization potential of Al
319. The bond angle is smallest in
 a) H2 O b) H2 S c) BeCl2 d) N2 O
320. The number of electrons in the valence shell of sulphur in SF6 is
a) 12 b) 10 c) 8 d) 11
321. Acetic acid exists as dimer in benzene due to:
a) Condensation reaction
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Presence of carboxyl group
d) Presence of hydrogen atom at α-carbon
322. The correct order of hybridization of the central atom in the following species NH3 , [PtCl4 ]2− , PCl5 and
BCl3 is:
a) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 c) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝3
323. Chemical bond formation takes place when?
a) Energy is absorbed
b) Forces of attraction overcome forces of repulsion
c) Forces of repulsion overcome forces of attraction
d) Forces of attraction are equal to forces of repulsion
324. NH3 has higher boiling point than expected, because:
a) With water it forms NH4 OH
b) It has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds
c) It has strong intermolecular covalent bonds
d) Its density decreases in freezing
325. Which of the following represents the Lewis structure of N2 molecule?

a) b) c) d)

326. Which of the following has a bond order of 1.75?

a) ClO−3 b) ClO−4 c) NO−3 d) CO2−
3
327. Higher is the bond order, greater is:
a) Bond dissociation energy
b) Covalent character
c) Bond length
d) Paramagnetism
328. Which has the highest ionisation potential?
a) Na b) Mg c) C d) F
329. Strongest bond is in:
a) NaCl b) CsCl c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
330. Which of the following is not correct with respect to bond length of the species?
a) C2 > C22− b) B2+ > B2 c) Li+
2 > Li2 d) O2 > O− 2
331. The bond order in O2 ion is
2−

a) 3 b) 2 c) 3/2 d) 1
332. Which is likely to have the highest melting point?
a) He b) CsF c) NH3 d) CHCl3
333. Which of the following are not correct?
a) Lone pair of electrons present on central atom can give rise to dipole moment
b) Dipole moment is vector quantity
c) CO2 molecule has dipole moment
d) Difference in electronegativities of combining atoms can lead to dipole moment
334. In the formation of N2+ from N2 , the electron is lost from:
a) a σ-orbital b) a π-orbital c) a σ∗ -orbital d) a π∗ -orbital
335. Bond angle of 109°28′ is found in
 a) NH3 b) H2 O c) d)
336. The half of the difference between the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and antibonding
molecular orbitals is known as:
a) Bond order b) Proton order c) Molecular order d) Electron order
337. Which of the following set contains species having same angle around the central atom?
a) SF4 , CH4 , NH3 b) NF3 , BCl3 , NH3 c) BF3 , NF3 , AlCl3 d) BF3 , BCl3 , BBr3
338. At ordinary temperature and pressure, among halogens, the chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid and
iodine is a solid. This is because:
a) The specific heat is in the order Cl2 > 𝐵r2 > I2
b) Intermolecular forces among molecules of chlorine are the weakest and those in iodine are the
strongest
c) The order of density is I2 > 𝐵r2 > 𝐶l2
d) The order of stability is Cl2 > 𝐵r2 > I2
339. Which of the following has lowest bond angle?
a) BeF2 b) H2 O c) NH3 d) CH4
340. Which of the following has shortest carbon-carbon bond length?
a) C6 H6 b) C2 H6 c) C2 H4 d) C2 H2
341. Which one of the following constitutes a group of the isoelectronic species?
a) C22− , O−
2 , CO, NO b) NO+ , C22− , CN− , N2 c) CN− , N2 , O2− 2−
2 , CO3 d) N2 , O− +
2 , NO , CO
342. The 𝑠𝑝 3 𝑑2 hybridisation of central atom of a molecule would lead to
a) Square planar geometry
b) Tetrahedral geometry
c) Trigonalbipyramidal geometry
d) Octahedral geometry
343. Methanol and ethanol are miscible in water due to:
a) Covalent character
b) Hydrogen bonding character
c) Oxygen bonding character
d) None of the above
344. The shape of ClF3 is
a) Distorted T- shape b) Pyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Trigonal planar
345. Which are true statements among the following?
(1) PH5 and BiCl5 does not exist
(2 ) 𝑝𝜋—𝑑𝜋 bonds are present in SO2
(3) Electrons travel with speed of light
(4) SeF4 and CH4 has same shape
(5) I3+ has bent geometry
a) 1, 3 b) 1, 2, 5 c) 1, 3, 5 d) 1, 2, 4
−
346. The actual geometry of NO2 is
a) Planar b) Linear c) V-shape d) Tetrahedral
347. Which has the lowest anion to cation size ratio?
a) LiF b) NaF c) CsI d) CsF
348. The energy change accompanying the process given below is,
Na+ (g) + Cl− (g) ⟶ NaCl(𝑠):
a) Hydration energy b) Ionization energy c) Electron affinity d) Lattice energy
349. Which of the following has covalent bond?
a) Na2 S b) AlCl3 c) NaH d) MgCl2
350. The correct order in which the O − O bond length increases in the following is
a) O2 < O3 < H2 O2 b) H2 O2 < O3 < O2 c) O3 < O2 < H2 O2 d) O2 < H2 O2 < O3
351. N2 is less reactive than CN due to
−
 a) Difference in spin quantum number b) Presence of more electrons in orbitals
c) Absence of dipole moment d) None of the above
+
352. According to molecular orbital theory for O2 :
a) Bond order is less than O2 and O+ 2 is paramagnetic
b) Bond order is more than O2 and O+ 2 is paramagnetic
+
c) Bond order is less than O2 and O2 is diamagnetic
d) Bond order is more than O2 and O+ 2 is diamagnetic
353. As compared to covalent compounds, electrovalent compounds generally have:
a) Low melting points and low boiling points
b) High melting points and high boiling points
c) Low melting points and high boiling points
d) High melting points and low boiling points
354. Which is present in peroxides?
a) O2 b) O2− c) O2−
2 d) O−2
355. Two hybrid orbitals have a bond angle of 120°. The percentage of𝑠 character in the hybrid orbital is nearly
a) 25% b) 33% c) 50% d) 66%
356. Which molecule is T-shaped?
a) BeF2 b) BCl3 c) NH3 d) ClF3
357. Which of the following is paramagnetic?
a) O2 b) CN− c) CO d) NO+
358. Dipole moment is highest for:
a) CHCl3 b) CH4 c) CHF3 d) CCl4
359. Which will not conduct electricity?
a) Aqueous KOH solution b) Fused NaCl c) Graphite d) KCl in solid state
360. The ionization potential order for which set is correct?
a) Li > 𝐾 > 𝐶𝑠 b) B > 𝐿𝑖 > 𝐾 c) Cs > 𝐿𝑖 > 𝐵 d) Cs < 𝐿𝑖 < 𝐾
361. The bond that determines the secondary structure of a protein is:
a) Coordinate bond b) Covalent bond c) Hydrogen bond d) Ionic bond
362. Molecular orbital theory was developed mainly by
a) Pauling b) Mulliken c) Thomson d) Pauling and Slater
363. Which species has lone pair on central atom?
a) CCl4 b) CH4 c) NH4+ d) H2 O
364. In which of the following molecules/ions are all the bonds not equal?
a) SF4 b) SiF4 c) XeF4 d) BF4−
365. Super octet molecule is:
a) F3 Cl b) PCl3 c) NH3 d) None of these
366. The number of unpaired electrons in a paramagnetic diatomic molecule of an element with atomic number
16 is:
a) 4 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
367. Which of the following statement is not correct?
a) Hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals prior to their combining into molecular orbitals
b) 𝑠𝑝2 hybrid orbitals are formed from two 𝑝-atomic orbitals and one 𝑠-orbital
c) 𝑑2 𝑠𝑝3 hydride orbitals are directed towards the corners of a regular octahedron
d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 3hybrid orbitals are all at 90° to one another
368. Which statement is correct?
a) Pi-bond always exists with sigma-bond
b) Pi-bond can exist independently
c) Sigma-bond is weaker than pi-bond
d) Pi-bond is less reactive than sigma-bond
369. Which of the following pair has same structure?
 a) PCl5 and SF6 b) SO2 and NH3 c) PH3 and BCl3 d) NH4+ and SO2−4
370. Which of the following has dipole moment?
a) CO2 b) p-dichlorobenzene c) NH3 d) CH4
371. Which one of the following is highest melting halide?
a) AgCl b) AgBr c) AgF d) AgI
372. The hybridisation state of central atom in PCl5 is
a) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 𝑑2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑2 𝑠𝑝3
373. The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following triatomic species is:
a) NO− 2 < 𝑁O2 < 𝑁O2
+
b) NO+ 2 < 𝑁O2 < 𝑁O2
−
c) NO+ −
2 < 𝑁O2 < 𝑁O2 d) NO− +
2 < 𝑁O2 < 𝑁O2
374. K + , Cl− , Ca2+ , S2− ions are isoelectronic. The decreasing order of their size is:
a) S2− > 𝐶l− > K + > 𝐶a2+
b) Ca2+ > K + > 𝐶l− > S2−
c) K + > 𝐶l− > 𝐶a2+ > S2−
d) Cl− > S2− > 𝐶a2+ > K +
375. As the 𝑠-character of hybridization orbitals increases, the bond angle:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Does not change d) Becomes zero
376. AlCl3 is covalent while AlF3 is ionic. This fact can be justified on the basis of
a) Valence bond theory b) Crystal structure c) Lattice energy d) Fajan rule
377. Which one of the following is a correct set with respect to molecule, hybridisation and shape?
a) BeCl2 , 𝑠𝑝2 , linear b) BeCl2 , 𝑠𝑝2 , triangular planar
c) BCl3 , 𝑠𝑝2 , triangular planar d) BCl3 , 𝑠𝑝3 , tetrahedral
378. In BrF3 molecule, the lone pairs occupy equatorial positions to minimize
a) Lone pair – bond pair repulsion only
b) Bond pair – bond pair repulsion only
c) Lone pair – lone pair repulsion and lone pair – bond pair repulsion
d) Lone pair – lone pair repulsion only
379. The correct order of decreasing polarity is
a) HF > 𝑆O2 > H2 O > 𝑁H3 b) HF > H2 O > 𝑆O2 > 𝑁H3
c) HF > 𝑁H3 > 𝑆O2 > H2 O d) H2 O > 𝑁H3 > 𝑆O2 > 𝐻F
380. The process requiring the absorption of energy is:
a) F − F − b) H → H − c) Cl → Cl− d) O → O2−
381. In O− 2−
2 , O2 and O2 molecular species, the total number of antibonding electrons respectively are
a) 7 , 6, 8 b) 1, 0, 2 c) 6, 6, 6 d) 8, 6, 8
382. 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation is found in
3

a) CO2− 3 b) BF3 c) NO− 3 d) NH3

383. Among the following metals interatomic forces are probably weakest in:
a) Cu b) Ag c) Zn d) Hg
384. Which of the following phenomenon will occur when two atoms of an element with same spin of electron
in orbitals approach each other?
a) Orbitals will overlap
b) Orbitals will not overlap
c) Bonding will take place
d) A diatomic molecule will be formed
385. If the bond has zero per cent ionic character, the bond is:
a) Pure covalent b) Partial covalent c) Partial ionic d) Coordinate covalent
386. Which bond angle θ would result in the maximum dipole moment for the triatomic molecule 𝑦𝑥𝑦?
a) θ = 90° b) θ = 120° c) θ = 150° d) θ = 180°
387. The species having bond order different from that in CO is
a) NO− b) NO+ c) CN− d) N2
388. The species having octahedral shape is:
 a) SF6 b) BF4− c) PCl5 d) BO3−
3
389. The following compounds have been arranged in order of their increasing thermal stabilities. Identify the
correct order:
K 2 CO3 (I) MgCO3 (II)
CaCO3 (III) BeCO3 (IV)
a) I < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝑉 b) IV < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼 c) IV < 𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 d) II < 𝐼𝑉 < 𝐼𝐼𝐼 < 𝐼
390. Which of the following will show least dipole moment?
a) Ethane b) Ether c) Ethanol d) Water
391. Which has the minimum bond energy?
a) H—Br b) H—I c) I—I d) H—H
392. The polarising ability of which one of the following is highest?
a) Small highly positive ion
b) Large positive ion
c) Small highly negative ion
d) Large negative ion
393. Which is expected to show paramagnetism?
a) ClO2 b) SO2 c) CO2 d) SiO2
394. Highest covalent character is found in which of the following?
a) CaF2 b) CaCl2 c) CaI2 d) CaBr2
395. The molecule which has zero moment is
a) CH3 Cl b) NF3 c) BF3 d) ClO2
396. Hydrogen bond is strongest in
a) b) c) d)
397. The only molecule having dipole moment is
a) 2,2-dimethylpropane
b) trans-2-pentene
c) trans-3-hexene
d) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
398. Two lone pairs of electrons and two bond pairs are present in:
a) NH3 b) BF3 c) CO2−
3 d) NH2−
399. The lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy of four compounds are given below.
Compound Lattice Hydration
enthalpy enthalpy
(in kJ mol−1 ) (in kJ mol−1 )
P +780 -920
Q +1012 -812
R +828 -878
S +632 -600
The pair of compounds which is soluble in water is
a) P and Q b) Q and R c) R and S d) P and R
400. The increase in bond order results in:
a) Decrease in bond length and increase in bond energy
b) Decrease in bond length and bond energy
c) Increase in bond length and bond energy
d) None of the above
401. The correct stability order of the following resonance structure is

a) (I)> (II)> (IV) > (III) b) (I)> (III)> (II) > (IV)
 c) (II)> (I)> (III) > (IV) d) (III)> (I)> (IV) > (II)

402. Which is not characteristic of π-bond?

a) π-bond is formed when a sigma bond already formed
b) π-bond is formed from hybrid orbitals
c) π-bond may be formed by the overlapping of 𝑝-orbitals
d) π-bond results from lateral overlap of atomic orbitals
403. A molecule in which 𝑠𝑝2 -hybrid orbitals are used by the central atom in forming covalent bond is:
a) He2 b) SO2 c) PCl5 d) N2
404. Which species has the highest bond order?
a) O2 b) O2−2 c) N2 d) Both O2 and O2−
2
405. Molecular shapes of SF4 , CF4 , XeF4 are
a) The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electron respectively
b) The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively
c) Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pair of electrons respectively
d) Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pair of electrons respectively
406. The correct sequence of hybridisation of methane, ethene and acetylene is
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝 d) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2
407. The nature of the bond in diamond is
a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Metallic d) Coordinate covalent
408. The set representing the correct order of first ionization potential is:
a) K > 𝑁𝑎 > 𝐿𝑖 b) Be > 𝑀𝑔 > 𝐶𝑎 c) B > 𝐶 > 𝑁 d) Ge > 𝑆𝑖 > 𝐶
409. Amongst the following, the molecule that is linear is
a) SO2 b) BeH2 c) ClO2 d) NO2
410. Which of the following species does not exist under normal conditions?
a) Be2+ b) Be2 c) B2 d) Li2
411. How many σ and π – bonds are present in toluene?
a) 3π + 8σ b) 3π + 10σ c) 3π + 15σ d) 6π + 3σ
412. Octet rule is not valid for the molecule:
a) CO2 b) H2 O c) O2 d) CO
413. CO2 has the same geometry as:
(𝐴) HgCl2 , (𝐵) NO2 , (𝐶 ) SnCl4 , (𝐷)C2 H2
a) A and C b) B and D c) A and D d) C and D
414. Concept of bond order in the molecular orbital theory depends on the number of electrons in the bonding
and antibonding orbitals. The bond order:
a) Can have a−ve value
b) Has always an integral value
c) Is a non-zero quantity
d) Can assume any +ve value, including zero
415. The number of σ and π-bonds in pent-4-en-1-yne are respectively:
a) 3, 10 b) 9, 4 c) 4, 9 d) 10, 3
416. The Cl—C—Cl angle in 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethene and tetrachloromethane respectively will be about:
a) 109.5 and 900 b) 120 and 109.5 c) 90 and 109.5 d) 109.5 and 120
417. Which set has strongest tendency to form anions?
a) Ga, In, Te b) Na, Mg, Al c) N, O, F d) V, Cr, Mn
418. From elementary molecular orbital theory we can give the electronic configuration of the singly positive
nitrogen molecular ion N2+ as
a) 𝑙𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝4 , 𝜎2𝑝1 b) 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝2 , 𝜋2𝑝3
c) 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝 3 , 𝜋2𝑝2 d) 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝2 , 𝜋2𝑝4
419. NH3 has much higher boiling point than PH3 because
a) NH3 has larger molecular weight
 b) NH3 undergoes umbrella inversion
c) NH3 forms hydrogen bond
d) NH3 contains ionic bonds whereas PH3 contains covalent bonds
420. In a crystal, the atoms are located at the positions of:
a) Maximum potential energy
b) Minimum potential energy
c) Zero potential energy
d) Infinite potential energy
421. Which substance has the greatest ionic character?
a) Cl2 O b) NCl3 c) PbCl2 d) BaCl2
422. The conductivity of the metal decreases with increases in temperature because
a) The kinetic energy of the electron increases
b) The movement of electrons becomes haphazard
c) The kernels start vibrating
d) The metal becomes hot and starts emitting radiations
423. Which of the following when dissolved in water forms a solution, i.e., non-conducting?
a) Chile salt petre b) Potash alum
c) Green vitriol d) Ethyl alcohol
424. Which bond is more polar?
a) Cl—Cl b) N—F c) C—F d) O—F
425. The pairs of bases in DNA are held together by:
a) Hydrogen bonds b) Ionic bonds c) Phosphate groups d) Deoxyribose groups
426. Which of the following has highest bond angle?
a) H2 O b) H2 S c) NH3 d) PH3
427. The compound in which carbon atom uses only 𝑠𝑝 - hybrid orbitals for bond formation is
3

a) HCOOH b) NH2 CONH2 c) (CH3 )3 COH d) CH3 CHO

428. For the type of interactions; (I) Covalent bond, (II) van der Waals’ forces, (III) Hydrogen bonding, (IV)
Dipole-dipole interaction, which represents the correct order of increasing stability?
a) (I) < (III) < (II) < (𝐼𝑉)
b) (II) < (III) < (IV) < (𝐼)
c) (II) < (IV) < (III) < (𝐼)
d) (IV) < (II) < (III) < (𝐼)
429. If the ionization potential for hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV, then the ionization potential for He+ ion should
be:
a) 72.2 eV b) 54.4 eV c) 6.8 eV d) 13.6 eV
430. The hydrogen bonding is strongest in:
a) O—H … S b) S—H … O c) F—H … F d) F—H … O
431. The correct increasing order of polarising power is:
a) Ca2+ < 𝑀g 2+ < 𝐵e2+ < K +
b) Mg 2+ < 𝐵e2+ < K + < 𝐶a2+
c) Be2+ < K + < 𝐶a2+ < 𝑀g 2+
d) K + < 𝐶a2+ < 𝑀g 2+ < 𝐵e2+
432. Acetate ion contains:
a) One C, O single bond and one C, O double bond
b) Two C, O single bonds
c) Two C, O double bonds
d) None of the above
433. Which one is paramagnetic and has the bond order half (0.5)?
a) F2 b) N2 c) O2 d) H2+
434. Which one is correct?
 a) Dinitrogen is paramagnetic
b) Dihydrogen is paramagnetic
c) Dioxygen is paramagnetic
d) Dioxygen is diamagnetic
435. IP is influenced by:
a) Size of atom
b) Charge on nucleus
c) Electrons present in inner shells
d) All of the above
436. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO+ − +
2 , NO3 and NH4 are:
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝2 respectively
b) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 respectively
c) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝 and 𝑠𝑝3 respectively
d) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝 respectively
437. The bond between carbon atoms (1) and (2) in compound N ≡ C − CH = CH2 ,
(1) (2)
involves the hybrid orbitals;
a) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 c) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝
438. Which of the following has lowest boiling point?
a) NaCl b) CuCl c) CuCl2 d) CsCl
439. When metals react with non-metals, the metal atoms tend to
a) Share electrons b) Lose electrons c) Gain electrons d) None of the above
440. Which one has more tendency to form covalent compounds?
a) Ba b) Be c) Mg d) Ca
441. The order of melting point of ortho,para, meta-nitrophenol is
a) 𝑜 > 𝑚 > 𝑝 b) 𝑝 > 𝑚 > 𝑜 c) 𝑚 > 𝑝 > 𝑜 d) 𝑝 > 𝑜 > 𝑚
442. Number of non-bonding electron pair on Xe in XeF6 , XeF4 and XeF2 respectively will be
a) 6, 4, 2 b) 1, 2, 3 c) 3, 2, 1 d) 0, 3, 2
443. The hybridization of carbon in diamond, graphite and acetylene is:
a) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 , 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 c) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝 d) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝2
444. The molecule, ion which is pyramidal in shape is
a) NO− 3 b) PCl3 c) CO2−
3 d) SO3
445. The number of lone pairs of Xe in XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 respectively are
a) 3, 2, 1 b) 2, 4, 6 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 6, 4, 2
446. The electronic structure of the four elements 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and D are, (𝐴) = 1𝑠 ; (𝐵) = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝2 ; (𝐶 ) =
2

1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝5 ; (𝐷) = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 .

The tendency to form electrovalent bond is maximum in:
a) A b) B c) C d) D
447. C − C bond order in benzene is
a) 1 b) 2 c) Between 1 and 2 d) None of these
448. For the formation of covalent bond, the difference in the value of electronegativities should be:
a) Equal to or less than 1.7
b) More than 1.7
c) 1.7 or more
d) None of the above
449. Which among the following elements has lowest value of ionisation energy?
a) Pb b) Sn c) Si d) C
450. In coordinate bond, the acceptor atoms must essentially contain in its valency shell an orbitals:
a) With paired electron b) With single electron c) With no electron d) With three electrons
451. How many σ-and π-bonds are there in the molecule of tetracyanoethylene?
 a) Nine σ- and nine π b) Five σ- and nine π c) Nine σ- and seven π d) Five σ- and eight π
452. Paramagnetism of oxygen is explained on the basis of its electronic configuration of

a) b) c) d)

453. The compound possessing most strongly ionic nature is:

a) SrCl2 b) BaCl2 c) CaCl2 d) CsCl
454. The complex ion which has no ‘𝑑’ electrons in the central metal atom is:
a) [MnO4 ]− b) [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ c) [Fe(CN)6 ]3− d) [Cr(H2 O)6 ]3+
455. Which of the following species is least stable?
a) O2 b) O+2 c) O−2 d) O2−
2
456. The dipole moment of HBr is 1.6 × 10−30 C-m and interatomic spacing is 1Å. The % ionic character of HBr
is
a) 7 b) 10 c) 15 d) 27
457. Which group of atoms have nearly same atomic radius?
a) Na, K, Rb, Cs b) Li, Be, B, C c) Fe, Co, Ni, Cu d) F, Cl, Br, I
458. Bond polarity of diatomic molecule is because of
a) Difference in electron affinity of the two atoms
b) Difference in electronegativities of the two atoms
c) Difference in ionisation potential
d) All of the above
459. The hybridization of P in PO3−4 is same as in:
−
a) I in ICl4 b) S in SO3 c) N in NO− 3 d) S in SO2−4
460. AB is an ionic solid. The ionic radii of 𝐴+ and 𝐵+ are respectively 𝑟𝑐 and𝑟𝑎 . Lattice energy of AB is
proportional to
𝑟𝑐 𝑟𝑎 1
a) b) (𝑟𝑐 + 𝑟𝑎 ) c) d)
𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑐 (𝑟𝑐 + 𝑟𝑎 )
461. Which contains a coordinate and covalent bond?
a) BaCl2 b) NH4 Cl c) HCl d) H2 O
462. Covalent radius of Li is 123 pm. The crystal radius of Li will be:
123
a) > 123 𝑝𝑚 b) < 123 𝑝𝑚 c) + 123 pm d) = pm
2
463. Which of the following does not contain coordinate bond?
a) BH4− b) NH4+ c) CO2−3 d) H3 O+
464. The bond order of C2+ is:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3/2 d) 1/2
465. With increasing bond order, stability of a bond
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains unaltered d) None of these
466. Molecular orbitals theory was proposed by:
a) Werner b) Kossel c) Moseley d) Mullikan
467. The isoelectronic pair is
a) Cl2 O, ICl−
2 b) Cl−
2 , ClO2 c) IF2+ , I3− d) ClO−2 , ClF2
+

468. The compound 1,2-butadiene has

a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised carbon atoms b) Only 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised carbon atoms
c) Only 𝑠𝑝 hybridised carbon atoms d) Only 𝑠𝑝 and 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised carbon atoms
469. The correct order of ionic radii is:
a) Fe > 𝐹e2+ > 𝐹e3+ b) O2− > O− > O+ c) I− > 𝐼 > I+ d) All of these
470. The shape of sulphate ion is
 a) Square planar b) Trigonal c) Trigonal planar d) Tetrahedral
471. Molecular shape of SF4 , CF4 and XeF4 are:
a) The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively
b) The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively.
c) Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
d) Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
472. Which of the following is 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised?
a) NH3 b) BH3 c) PCl5 d) AlCl3
473. Sodium chloride is soluble in water but not in benzene because
∆𝐻hdydration ∆𝐻hdydration
a) < ∆𝐻lattice energy in water and ∆𝐻hdydration b) > ∆𝐻lattice energy in water and ∆𝐻hdydration
> ∆𝐻lattice energy in benzene < ∆𝐻lattice energy in benzene
∆𝐻hdydration ∆𝐻Hdydration
c) = ∆𝐻lattice energy in water and ∆𝐻hdydration d) < ∆𝐻lattice energy in water and ∆𝐻Hdydration
< ∆𝐻lattice energy in benzene = ∆𝐻lattice energy in benzene
474. The pair likely to form the strongest hydrogen bonding:
a) H2 O2 and H2 O b) HCOOH and CH3 COOH c) CH3 COOH and CH3 COOCH d)3SiH4 and SiCl4
475. The number of sigma and pi bonds in 1- butane 3-yne are:
a) 5σ and 5π b) 6σ and 4π c) 7σ and 3π d) 8σ and 2π
476. Which is soluble in water?
a) AgF b) AgCl c) AgBr d) AgI
477. Which of the following compounds has the lowest melting point?
a) CaF2 b) CaCl2 c) CaBr2 d) CaI2
478. 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation is not found in
3

a) H2 O b) CH4 c) BCl3 d) NH3

479. Amongst H2 O, H2 S, H2 Se and H2 Te, the one with highest boiling point is:
a) H2 O because of hydrogen bonding
b) H2 Te because of higher molecular weight
c) H2 S because of hydrogen bonding
d) H2 Se because of lower molecular weight
480. Which of the following is false?
a) Methane molecule is tetrahedral in shape
b) Nickel tetrachloride is square planar in shape
c) P2 O5 is like two pyramids joined at their apices
d) Acetylene is non-linear
481. The pair of elements which on combination are most likely to form an ionic compound is:
a) Na and Ca b) K and O2 c) O2 and Cl2 d) Al and I2
482. Among the following the maximum covalent character is shown by the compound.
a) FeCl2 b) SnCl2 c) AlCl3 d) MgCl2
483. Dipole-dipole attractive forces are strongest between the molecules of:
a) He b) CH4 c) CO2 d) H2 O
484. The type of hybridization of sulphur atom present in SO2 and SO3 is respectively:
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝2 c) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3
485. The electrons used in bonding atoms:
a) Belong to outermost shell
b) Belong to penultimate shell
c) Belong to outermost shell and sometimes penultimate shell
d) Belong to penultimate shell and sometimes to outermost shell
486. Given are O2 , O+ 2+ 2−
2 , O2 and O2 respectively. Find the correct increasing bond order
a) O2 < O2− 2+
2 < O2 < O2
+
b) O2− +
2 < O2 < O2 < O2
2+
 c) d) O+ 2− 2+
2 < O2 < O2 < O2

487. In a homonuclear molecule which of the following set of orbitals is degenerate?

a) σ2𝑠and σ1𝑠 b) c) π2𝑝𝑥 and σ2𝑝𝑧 d)
488. The electronegativity order of O, F, Cl and Br is:
a) F > 𝑂 > 𝐶𝑙 > 𝐵𝑟 b) F > 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑟 > 𝑂 c) Br > 𝐶𝑙 > 𝐹 > 𝑂 d) F < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑟 < 𝑂
489. Solid NaCl is a bad conductor of electricity because:
a) In solid NaCl there are no ions
b) Solid NaCl is covalent
c) In solid NaCl there is no velocity of ions
d) In solid NaCl there are no electrons
490. The number of lone pairs is same in PCl3 and:
a) BCl3 b) NCl3 c) CCl4 d) PCl5
491. CaO and NaCl have the same crystal structure and approximately the same ionic radii. If 𝑈 is the lattice
energy of NaCl, the approximate lattice of CaO is
𝑈
a) b) 𝑈 c) 2𝑈 d) 4𝑈
2
492. In the molecule CH ≡ C − CH = CH2, the hybridisation of C – C bond is
a) 𝑠𝑝2 − 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 − 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝2 − 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝3 − 𝑠𝑝
493. Shape and hybridisation of IF5 respectively are
a) Trigonal bipyramidal, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
b) Sea-saw, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
c) Square pyramidal, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2
d) Pentagonal pyramidal, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3
494. Which of the following set of properties belong toPCl5 ?
a) 𝑠𝑝3 , tetrahedral, 4 valence shell pairs of electrons
b) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑, trigonal bipyramidal, 5 valence shell pairs of electrons
c) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 , octahedral, 6 valence shell pairs of electrons
d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑, square planar, 4 valence shell pairs of electrons
495. In a polar molecule, the ionic charge is 4.8 × 10−10 esu. If the interionic distance is 1 Å unit, then the dipole
moment is
a) 0.48 debye b) 4.18 debye c) 4.8 debye d) 41.8 debye
496. The double bonds between the two carbon atoms in ethylene consists of:
a) Two sigma-bonds at right angles to each other
b) One sigma-bond and one pi-bond
c) Two pi-bonds at right angles to each other
d) Two pi-bonds at an angle of 60 to each other
497. The state of hybridisation of S in SF4 is
a) 𝑠𝑝3 and has a lone pair of electron
b) 𝑠𝑝2 and has tetrahedral structure
c) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 and has a trigonal bipyramidal structure
d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 and has an octahedral structure
498. In OF2 , number of bond pair and lone pairs of electrons are respectively:
a) 2, 6 b) 2, 8 c) 2, 10 d) 2, 9
499. In which pair, the first atom or ion is not larger than the second?
a) N, F b) Cl− , Cl c) O, S d) Fe2+ , Fe3+
500. The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can have is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
501. The isoelectronic species among the following are:
I—CH3+ ; II—NH2+ ; III—NH4+ ; IV—NH3
 a) I, II, III b) II, III, IV c) I, II, IV d) II, I
502. Dipole moment is exhibited by:
a) 1, 4-dichlorobenzene
b) 1, 2-dichlorobenzene
c) 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠- 1, 2-dichloroethene
d) 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠-1, 2-dichloro-2-butene
503. In a multi-electron atom, the energy of a 2 𝑝-orbital is:
a) Less than that of 2𝑠-orbital
b) More than that of 2𝑠-orbital
c) Equal to that of 2𝑠-orbital
d) Double that of 2𝑠-orbital
504. In which molecule the central atom does not use 𝑠𝑝3-hybrid orbitals in its bonding?
a) NH2− b) BeF3− c) SO2 Cl2 d) SO2−4
505. RbO2 is
a) Peroxide and paramagnetic b) Peroxide and diamagnetic
c) Superoxide and paramagnetic d) Superoxide and diamagnetic
506. Ionization energy of nitrogen is more than oxygen because:
a) Nucleus has more attraction for electrons
b) Half-filled 𝑝-orbitals are more stable
c) Nitrogen atom is small
d) More penetration effect
507. The high melting point and insolubility in organic solvents of sulphanilic acid are due to its---structure
a) Simple ionic b) Cubic c) Bipolar ionic d) hexagonal
508. Which of the following does not have a coordinate bond?
a) SO2 b) H2 SO3 c) HNO2 d) HNO3
509. Which of the following sequence regarding ionisation potential of coinage metal is correct:
a) Cu > 𝐴𝑔 > 𝐴𝑢 b) Cu < 𝐴𝑔 < 𝐴𝑢 c) Cu > 𝐴𝑔 < 𝐴𝑢 d) Ag > 𝐶𝑢 < 𝐴𝑢
510. Which, molecule has zero dipole moment?
a) HBr b) AgI c) PbSO4 d) H2 O
511. BCl3 is a planar molecule, while NCl3 is pyramidal, because
a) N – Cl bond is more covalent than B – Cl bond
b) Nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom
c) B – Cl bond is more polar than N – Cl bond
d) BCl3 has no lone pair of electrons but NCl3 has a lone pair of electrons
512. Hybridisation of the underline atom changes in
a) AlH3 changes to AlH4− b) H2 Ochanges toH3 O+
c) NH3 changes toNH4+ d) In all cases
513. Which molecule has hydrogen bonding
a) CH4 b) CH3 COOH c) GeH4 d) H2 Te
514. The energy released when a neutral gaseous atom takes up an electron is called:
a) Ionization energy b) Solvation energy c) Electronegativity d) Electron affinity
−
515. In NO3 ion, number of bond pair and lone pair electrons are respectively:
a) 2, 2 b) 3, 1 c) 1, 3 d) 4, 8
516. Which has 𝑠𝑝 -hybridisation?
2

a) CO2 b) SO2 c) N2 O d) CO
517. A 𝑠𝑝 -hybrid orbital contains:
3

a) 1/4 𝑠-character b) 1/2 𝑠-character c) 2/3 𝑠-character d) 3/4 𝑠-character

518. In the formation of NO from NO, the electron is removed from
+

a) a 𝜎orbital b) a 𝜋 orbital c) a𝜎 ∗ orbital d) a 𝜋 ∗ orbital

519. The decreasing order of the second ionization energy of K, Ca and Ba is:
 a) K > 𝐶𝑎 > 𝐵𝑎 b) Ca > 𝐵𝑎 > 𝐾 c) Ba > 𝐾 > 𝐶𝑎 d) K > 𝐵𝑎 > 𝐶𝑎
520. The value of n in the molecular formula Be 𝑛AI2 Si6 O18 is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
521. Compound X is anhydride of sulphuric acid. The number of σ bonds and the number of π - bonds present
in X are, respectively.
a) 3, 3 b) 4, 2 c) 2, 4 d) 4, 3
522. OF2 is:
a) Linear molecule and 𝑠𝑝 -hybridized
b) Tetrahedral molecule and 𝑠𝑝 3-hybridized
c) Bent molecule and 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridized
d) None of the above
523. Which is not true in case of ionic bond?
a) It is linear bond
b) It is 100% ionic
c) It is formed between two atoms with large electronegativity difference
d) None of the above
524. Which of the following are possible resonating structure of N2 O?

a) I and II b) I and III c) I, II and III d) All of these

525. The number of 𝜎 and 𝜋 – bonds in a molecule of acetonitrile are respectively
a) 2, 5 b) 3, 4 c) 4, 3 d) 5, 2
526. Strongest hydrogen bond is present in
a) b) c) d)
527. In the cyanide ion, the formal negative charge is on:
a) C
b) N
c) Both C and N
d) Resonate between C and N
528. The trigonalbipyramidal geometry results from the hybridisation
a) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 3or 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 b) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2or 𝑠𝑝2 𝑑 c) 𝑑 2 𝑠𝑝3 or 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 2 d) 𝑑3 𝑝2 or𝑑2 𝑝3
529. Which one of the following molecules has the smallest bond angle?
a) NH3 b) PH3 c) H2 O d) H2 Se
530.
The bond angle in H2 O is 104.5. This fact can be best explained with the help of
a) Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) b) Molecular orbital theory
theory
c) Presence of hydrogen bond d) Electronegativity difference between hydrogen
and oxygen atoms
531. Which of the two ions from the list given below that have the geometry that is explained by the same
hybridization of orbitals, NO− − − + −
2 , NO3 , NH2 , NH4 , SCN ?
a) NO−2 and NH2
−
b) NO− 2 and NO3
−
c) NH4+ and NO−3 d) SCN− and NH2−
532. Which of the following is non – linear molecule?
a) SO3 b) CO2 c) CS2 d) BeCl2
533. Which contains both covalent and ionic bonds?
a) CCl4 b) KCN c) CaCl2 d) H2 O
534. In the formation of NaCl by combination of Na and Cl:
a) Sodium and chlorine both lose electrons
b) Sodium and chlorine both gain electrons
c) Sodium loses but chlorine gains electrons
d) Sodium gains but chlorine loses electrons
535. Which of the following has linear structure?
a) CCl4 b) C2 H4 c) C2 H2 d) SO2
536. A molecule (X) has (i) four sigma bonds formed by the overlap of 𝑠𝑝2 and s - orbitals (ii) one sigma bond
formed by 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝2 orbitals and (iii) one 𝜋 bond formed by 𝑝𝑥 and 𝑝𝑧 orbitals. Which of the following is
X?
a) C2 H6 b) C2 H3 Cl c) C2 H2 Cl2 d) C2 H4
537. The lowest ionization energy would be associated with the electronic structure:
a) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠1 b) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝5 c) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 d) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2
538. Which is correct in the following?
a) Radius of Cl atom is 0.99Å, while that of Cl+ ion is 1.54 Å
b) Radius of Cl atom is 0.99 Å, while that of Na atom is 1.54 Å
c) The radius of Cl atom is 0.95 Å, while that of Cl− ion is 0.81 Å
d) Radius of Na atom is 0.95 Å, while that of Na+ ion is 1.54 Å
539. How many unpaired electrons are present in N2+ ?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
540. Which one of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle in its molecule?
a) SO2 b) OH2 c) SH2 d) NH3
541. Which of the following is isostructuralwith CO2 ?
a) N2 O b) NO2 c) N2 O5 d) NO
542. The electronic configuration of four elements 𝐿, 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 are given in brackets
𝐿(1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝4 ), 𝑃 (1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠1 ), 𝑄(1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 , 3𝑝5 ), 𝑅(1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 ) The formula of ionic
compounds that can be formed between these elements are
a) 𝐿2 𝑝, 𝑅𝐿, 𝑃𝑄 and𝑅2 𝑄 b) 𝐿𝑃, 𝑅𝐿, 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑅𝑄 c) 𝑃2 𝐿, 𝑅𝐿, 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑅𝑄2 d) 𝐿𝑃, 𝑅2 𝐿, 𝑃2 𝑄, and 𝑅𝑄
543. In which of the following ionisation processes, the bond order has increased and the magnetic behaviour
has changed?
a) C2 ⟶ C2+ b) NO ⟶ NO+ c) O2 ⟶ O+ 2 d) N2 ⟶ N2+
544. The size of ionic species is correctly given in the order:
a) Cl7+ > 𝑆i4+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝑁a+
b) Na+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝑆i4+ > 𝐶l7+
c) Na+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐶l7+ > 𝑆i4+
d) Cl7+ > 𝑁a+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝑆i4+
545. Which of the following has the minimum bond length?
a) O2 b) O+2 c) O− 2 d) O2−2
546. In acetylene molecule, between the carbon atoms there are
a) Three pi bonds b) One sigma and two pi bonds
c) Two sigma and one pi bonds d) Three sigma bonds
547. The ionic radii of N3− , O2− and F − are respectively given by:
a) 1.36, 1.40, 1.71 b) 1.36, 1.71, 1.40 c) 1.71, 1.40, 1.36 d) 1.71, 1.36, 1.40
548. Bond order of 1.5 is shown by:
a) O2−
2 b) O2 c) O+ 2 d) O− 2
549. In which of the process, the bond order increases and magnetic behaviour changes?
a) N2 → N2+ b) C2 → C2+ c) NO → NO+ d) O2 → O+ 2
550. Which involves a bond forming process?
a) Stretching rubber
b) Dissolution of sugar in water
 c) Rusting of iron
d) Emission of γ-rays by radioactive iron
551. Which is paramagnetic?
a) Cl2 O6 b) Cl2 O7 c) Cl2 O d) ClO2
552. Which one of the following pairs of molecules will have permanent dipole moments for both members?
a) SiF4andNO2 b) NO2 and CO2 c) NO2 andO3 d) SiF4and CO2
553. The state of hybridization of boron and oxygen atom in boric acid (H3 BO3 ) is respectively:
a) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝2
554. The correct order towards bond angle is
a) 𝑠𝑝3 < 𝑠𝑝2 < 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝2 < 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝3 < 𝑠𝑝 2 d) 𝑠𝑝2 < 𝑠𝑝3 < 𝑠𝑝
555. Which orbital is used by oxygen atom to form a sigma bond with other oxyen atom in O2 molecule?
a) Pure 𝑝-orbital b) 𝑠𝑝 2 -hybrid orbital c) 𝑠𝑝3 - hybrid orbital d) 𝑠𝑝- hybrid orbital
556. Which of the following is a linear molecule?
a) BeCl2 b) H2 O c) SO2 d) CH4
557. Which involves breaking of covalent bond?
a) Boiling H2 S b) Melting KCN c) Melting SiO2 d) Boiling CF4
̅ H2 , the best three-dimensional view is
558. For N

a) b) c) d)

559. For the four successive transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe and Co), the stability of +2 oxidation state will be
there in which of the following order?
a) Cr > 𝑀𝑛 > 𝐶𝑜 > 𝐹𝑒
b) Mn > 𝐹𝑒 > 𝐶𝑟 > 𝐶𝑜
c) Fe > 𝑀𝑛 > 𝐶𝑜 > 𝐶𝑟
Co > 𝑀𝑛 > 𝐹𝑒 > 𝐶𝑟
d)
(At. no. Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27)
560. In PO3−
4 , the formal charge on each on each oxygen atom and the P − O bond order respectively are
a) −0.75, 0.6 b) −0.75, 1.0 c) −0.75, 1.25 d) −3, 1.25
561. An element X has 3 electrons in 𝑝-orbitals and also belongs to III period. Its molecular formula should be:
a) 𝑋 b) 𝑋2 c) 𝑋4 d) 𝑋5
562. Elements having six electrons in its outermost orbit generally form:
a) Complex ion b) Negative ion c) Positive ion d) Zwitter ion
563. Oxygen is divalent, but sulphur exhibits variable valency of 2, 4 and 6, because:
a) Sulphur is less electronegative than oxygen
b) Sulphur is bigger atom than oxygen
c) Ionisation potential of sulphur is more than oxygen
d) Of the presence of 𝑑-orbitals in sulphur
564. Of the following sets which one does not contain isoelectronic species?
a) BO3− 2−
3 , CO3 , NO3
−
b) SO2− 2− −
3 , CO3 , NO3 c) CN− , N2 , C22− d) PO3− 2− −
4 , SO4 , ClO4
565. In which of the following, unpaired electrons are present?
KO2 , AlO−2 , BaO2 , NO2
+
+
a) NO2 , BaO2 b) KO2 , AlO−
2 c) Only KO2 d) Only BaO2
566. Which transition involves maximum amount of energy?
a) 𝑀− (g) ⟶ 𝑀 (g) + e
b) 𝑀− (g) ⟶ 𝑀 + (g) + 2e
c) 𝑀+ (g) ⟶ 𝑀2+ (g) + e
d) 𝑀2+ (g) ⟶ 𝑀3+ (g) + e
567. What is the nature of the bond between B and O in(C2 H5 )2 OBH3?
a) Covalent b) Coordinate covalent
c) Ionic bond d) Banana shaped bond
568. Which does not use 𝑠𝑝 -hybrid orbitals in its bonding?
3

a) BeF3− b) OH3+ c) NH4+ d) NF3

569. Hybridisation of C2 andC3 of
H3 C − CH = C = CH − CH3 are
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝
570. Maximum covalence of an atom of an element is equal to:
a) Number of unpaired electrons in the 𝑠-and 𝑝-orbitals of valency shell
b) Number of unpaired electrons in the 𝑝-orbitals of valency shell
c) Total number of electrons in the 𝑠-and 𝑝-orbitals of valency shell
d) Total number of electrons in the 𝑝-orbitals of valency shell
571. Which main group elements have a different number of outermost electrons than their group number?
a) Alkali metals b) Noble gases c) Halogens d) None of these
572. The forces present in the crystals of naphthalene are:
a) Van der Waals’ forces b) Electrostatic forces c) Hydrogen bonding d) None of these
573. Which does not show inert pair effect?
a) Al b) Sn c) Pb d) Thallium
574. The electronic theory of bonding was proposed by
a) Pauling b) Lewis c) Bronsted d) Mullikan
575. The correct order of decreasing first ionization potential is:
a) C > 𝐵 > 𝐵𝑒 > 𝐿𝑖 b) C > 𝐵𝑒 > 𝐵 > 𝐿𝑖 c) B > 𝐶 > 𝐵𝑒 > 𝐿𝑖 d) Be > 𝐿𝑖 > 𝐵 > 𝐶
− + +
576. The hybridisation of orbitals of N atom in NO3 , NO2 , and NH4 are respectively
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝
577. Which of the following is more ionic?
a) NaCl b) KCl c) MgCl2 d) CaCl2
578. The species showing 𝑝𝜋-𝑑𝜋 overlapping is:
a) NO− 3 b) PO3−
4 c) CO2−
3 d) NO− 2
579. H2 O has a net dipole moment, while BeF2 has zero dipole moment, because:
a) H2 O molecule as linear while BeF2 is bent
b) BeF2 molecule is linear, while H2 O is bent
c) Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen
d) Be is more electronegative than oxygen
580. Among the following which is the strongest oxidising agent?
a) Cl2 b) F2 c) Br2 d) I2
581. Which of the following molecule in its valence shell has three bond pairs of electrons and one lone pair of
electrons?
a) NH3 b) H2 O c) BF3 d) CO2
582. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) All carbon to carbon bonds contain a σ - bond and one or more π - bonds
b) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are π - bonds
c) All oxygen to hydrogen bonds are hydrogen bonds
d) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are σ - bonds
583. Which of the following has 𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation?
a) C2 H6 b) C2 H4 c) BeCl2 d) C2 H2
584. The formation of energy bonds in solids are in accordance with
a) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle b) Bohr’s theory
c) Ohm’s law d) Rutherford’s atomic model
585. Which of the following configuration is associated with biggest jump between 2nd and 3rd IE ?
 a) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝2 b) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠1 c) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 d) 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝1
586. The predominent intermolecular forces in hydrogen fluoride is due to:
a) Dipole-induced dipole interaction
b) Dipole-dipole interaction
c) Hydrogen bond interaction
d) Dispersion interaction
587. Correct order of bond length is
a) CO2−
3 > 𝐶O2 > 𝐶𝑂 b) CO2 > 𝐶𝑂 > CO2− 3
c) CO > 𝐶O2 > CO3 2−
d) None of these
588. Which of the following molecules has pyramidal shape?
a) PCl3 b) SO3 c) CO2−
3 d) NO−
3
589. The molecular electronic configuration of Be2 is
d) None of the above
a) b) 𝐾𝐾𝜎2𝑆 2 c)
590. The maximum number of 90° angles between bond pair-bond pair of electrons is observed in
a) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 3 hybridisation b) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridization
c) 𝑑𝑠𝑝 2 hybridisation d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridisation
591. In which of the following arrangement the order is not correct according to property indicated against it?
a) Increasing size : Al3+ < 𝑀g 2+ < 𝑁a+ < F −
b) Increasing 𝐼𝐸1 : B < 𝐶 < 𝑁 < 𝑂
c) Increasing 𝐸𝐴1 : I < 𝐵𝑟 < 𝐹 < 𝐶𝑙
d) Increasing metallic radius : Li < 𝑁𝑎 < 𝐾 < 𝑅𝑏
592. Most covalent halide of aluminium is:
a) AlCl3 b) AlI3 c) AlBr3 d) AlF3
593. The bond order of individual carbon-carbon bonds in benzene is:
a) One
b) Two
c) Between 1 and 2
d) One and two alternately
594. In pyrophosphoric acid, H4 P2 O7 , number of 𝜎 and 𝑑𝜋 − 𝑝𝜋 bonds are respectively
a) 8 and 2 b) 6 and 2 c) 12 and zero d) 12 and 2
595. The percentage s – character of the hybrid orbitals in methane, ethene and ethyne are respectively
a) 25, 33, 50 b) 25, 50, 75 c) 50, 75, 100 d) 10, 20, 40
596. The types of bonds present in CuSO4 ∙ 5H2 O are only
a) Electrovalent and covalent
b) Electrovalent and co-ordinate
c) Electrovalent, covalent and co- ordinate covalent
d) Covalent and co-ordinate covalent
597. Which pair represents isostructural species?
a) CH3− amd CH3+ b) NH4+ and NH3 c) SO2−
4 and BF4
−
d) NH2− and BeF2
598. In which of the following species, all the three types of hybrid carbons are present?
a) CH2 = C = CH2 b) CH3 − CH = CH − CH2+
+
c) CH3 − C ≡ C − CH2 d) CH3 − CH = CH − CH2−
599. Which statement is not correct?
a) Double bond is shorter than a single bond.
b) Sigma bond is weaker than π-bond.
c) Double bond is stronger than a sigma bond.
d) Covalent bond is stronger than hydrogen bond.
600. The pair having similar geometry is:
a) BF3 , NH3 b) BF3 , AlF3 c) BeF2 , H2 O d) BCl3 , PCl3
601. Which of the following is largest?
a) Cl− b) S2− c) Na+ d) F −
602. The AsF5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. The hybrid orbitals used by the As atoms for bonding are
a) 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦2′ 𝑑𝓏 2 ′ 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 b) 𝑑𝑥𝑦′ 𝑠′ 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 , 𝑝𝓏 c) 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 , 𝑝𝓏 , 𝑑𝓏 2 d) 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦2 , 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦
603. Consider the following halogen containing compounds
(A)CHCl3 (B)CCl4
(C)CH2 Cl2 (D)CH3 Cl
(E)

The compounds with a net zero dipole moment are

a) B and E only b) C only c) C and D only d) A and D only
604. Alkali metals in each period have:
a) Largest size
b) Lowest 𝐼𝐸
c) Highest 𝐼𝐸
d) Highest electronegativity
605. In a regular octahedral molecule, 𝑀𝑋6 the number of X – M – X bonds at 180° is
a) Three b) Two c) Six d) Four
606. Valency means:
a) Combining capacity of an element
b) Atomicity of an element
c) Oxidation number of an element
d) None of the above
607. Which does not form two or more chlorides?
a) Na b) Hg c) Cu d) Fe
608. Which has the largest first ionisation energy?
a) Li b) Na c) K d) Rb
609. Polarization of electrons in acrolein may be written as:

a) b) c) d)

610. Which bond has the highest bond energy?

a) Coordinate bond b) Sigma bond c) Multiple bond d) Polar covalent bond
611. In which of the following molecules the van der Waals’ forces is likely to be the most important in
determining the melting and boiling point?
a) CO b) H2 S
c) Br2 d) HCl
612. The higher values of specific heat of water in comparison to other liquids is due to:
a) High dielectric constant
b) Polarity
c) H-bonding
d) None of the above
613. Which contains both polar and non-polar covalent bonds?
a) NH4 Cl
b) HCN
c) H2 O2
d) CH4
614. How many – bonds are present in naphthalene?
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7
615. If the electron pair forming a bond between two atoms 𝐴 and 𝐵 is not in the centre, then the bond is
 a) Polar bond b) Single bond c) 𝜋-bond d) Non-polar bond
616. Which of the following species in non-linear?
a) ICl−
2 b) I3− c) N3− d) ClO−
2
617. The bond order of CO molecule on the basis of molecular orbital theory is:
a) Zero b) 2 c) 3 d) 1
618. Which one is the strongest bond?
a) Cl—F b) F—F c) Br—F d) Br—Cl
619. Which of the following compound has maximum volatility?

a) b) c) d)

620. In the following electron-dot structure, calculate the formal charge from left to right nitrogen atom;

a) -1, -1, +1 b) -1, +1,-1 c) +1, -1, -1 d) +1, -1, +1

621. Hybridisation shown by carbon and oxygen of – OH group in phenol are respectively
a) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 , 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3
622. The molecule which has pyramidal shape is:
a) PCl3 b) SO3 c) CO2−
3 d) NO− 3
623. The correct increasing bond angles order is:
a) BF3 < 𝑁F3 < 𝑃F3 < 𝐶𝑙F3
b) ClF3 < 𝑃F3 < 𝑁F3 < 𝐵F3
c) BF3 ≈ NF3 < 𝑃F3 < 𝐶𝑙F3
d) BF3 < 𝑁F3 < 𝑃F3 > 𝐶𝑙F3
624. Van der Waals’ forces are applied to:
a) Inert gases only
b) Rare gases only
c) Mixture of gases
d) Elementary gases only
625. Which bond angle results in the minimum dipole moment for the triatomic molecule 𝑋𝑌2 shown below?
a) 90 b) 120 c) 150 d) 180
626. Which shows the least dipole moment?
a) CHCl3 b) CH3 CH2 OH c) CH3 COCH3 d) CCl4
627. Which force is strongest?
a) Dipole-dipole forces
b) Ion-ion forces
c) Ion-dipole forces
d) Ion-induced dipole forces
628. Which molecule has linear structure?
a) CO2 b) H2 O c) SO2 d) H2 O2
629. Out of the compounds below the vapour pressure of (B) at a particular temperature is
 a) Higher than that of (A) b) lower than that of (A)
c) Higher or lower than (A), depending on the size ofd) Same as that of (A)
the vessel
630. Which ion has a higher polarizing power?
a) Mg 2+ b) Al3+ c) Ca2+ d) Na+
631. Which of the following represent the given mode of hybridisation𝑠𝑝 − 𝑠𝑝 − 𝑠𝑝 − 𝑠𝑝
2 2

from left to right?

a) H2 C = CH − C ≡ CN b) HC ≡ C − CH2 − C ≡ CH
c) H2 C = C = C = CH2 d) HC = C − CH2 − C = CH
632. The solubility of KCl is relatively more in (where D is dielectric constant):
a) C6 H6 (D =0) b) (CH3 )2 CO(D = 2) c) CH3 OH(D = 32) d) CCl4 (D = 0)
633. Elements have electronegativities 1.2 and 3.0, bond formed between them would be
a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Co-ordinate d) metallic
634. Among the following, the pair in which the two species are not isostructural, is
a) SiF4and SF4 b) IO−
3 and XeO3 c) BH4− andNH4+ d) PF6− and SF6
635. Which has zero dipole moment?
a) ClF b) PCl3 c) SiF4 d) CFCl3
636. Which of the following molecules is covalent and shows expanded octet in its formation?
a) HF b) NF3 c) BF3 d) ClF3
637. Which one of the following is a correct set?
a) H2 O, 𝑠𝑝3 , angular b) BCl3 𝑠𝑝3 , angular
c) NH4 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , square planar d) CH4 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , tetrahedral
638. Which property of halogens increases from F to I?
a) Electronegativity
b) First ionization energy
c) Bond length in the molecule
d) None of the above
639. The total number of bonds in acetylene molecule is:
a) One b) Two c) Three d) Five
640. The number of antibonding electron pairs in O2 molecular ion on the basis of molecular orbital theory is
2−

(Atomic number of O is 18.)

a) 5 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2
641. Variable valency is characteristic of:
a) Noble gases
b) Alkali metals
c) Transition metals
d) Non-metallic elements
642. In which molecule all atoms are coplanar?
a) CH4 b) BF3 c) PF3 d) NH3
−
643. During change of O2 to O2 ion, the electron adds on which one of the following orbitals?
a) π∗ orbital b) π orbital c) σ∗ orbital d) σ orbital
644. Bond energy of covalent O—H bond in water is:
a) Greater than bond energy of hydrogen bond
b) Equal to bond energy of hydrogen bond
c) Less than bond energy of hydrogen bond
d) None of the above
645. Which one of the following has a coordinate bond?
a) NH4 Cl b) AlCl3 c) NaCl d) Cl2
646. Which carbon is more electronegative?
a) 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised carbon
b) sp – hybridised carbon
c) 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised carbon
d) Always same irrespective of its hybrid state
647. Among NH3 , BeCl2 , CO2 and H2 O, the non-linear molecules are:
a) BeCl2 and H2 O b) BeCl2 and CO2 c) NH3 and H2 O d) NH3 and CO2
648. Paramagnetism is exhibited by molecules:
a) Not attracted into a magnetic field
b) Containing only paired electrons
c) Carrying a positive charge
d) Containing unpaired electrons
649. Which molecule has the largest dipole moment?
a) HF b) HCl c) HBr d) HI
650. The intermolecular attractive forces vary in the order:
a) Water < alcohol < ether
b) Water > alcohol > ether
c) Alcohol > water < ether
d) Ether > water > alcohol
651. Which of the following species has a linear shape?
a) NO+2 b) O3 c) NO−2 d) SO2
652. The electronic configuration of 4 elements 𝐾, 𝐿, 𝑀 and 𝑁 are,
𝐾 = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝1 𝐿 = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6
𝑀 = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝4 𝑁 = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝3
The element that would form a diatomic molecule with double bond is:
a) 𝐾 b) 𝐿 c) 𝑀 d) 𝑁
653. Which of the following will provide the most efficient overlap?
a) 𝑠 − 𝑠 b) 𝑠 − 𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝2 − 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝 − 𝑠𝑝
654. The state of hybridization of C2 , C3 , C5 and C6 of the hydrocarbon,

is in the following sequence:

a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝 d) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3
655. Four diatomic species are listed below in different sequences. Which of these represents the correct order
of their increasing bond order?
a) NO < C22− < O− +
2 < 𝐻e2
b) C22− < 𝐻e2+ < 𝑁𝑂 < O− 2
c) He+ −
2 < O2 < 𝑁𝑂 < C2
2−

d) O− 2−
2 < 𝑁𝑂 < C2 < 𝐻e2
+

656. Which one species has the longest bond length?

a) NO+ b) O−
2 c) O+
2 d) N2+
657. The pair of molecules forming strongest hydrogen bonds are
CH3 − C − CH3 and CHCl3
a) SiH4 and SiF6 b) ||
O
H − C − OH and CH3 − C − OH
c) || || d) H2 O and H2
O O
658. Which one of the following has not triangular pyramidal shape?
a) NH3 b) NCl3 c) PF3 d) BCl3
659. A covalent bond is formed between the atoms by the overlapping of orbitals containing:
a) Single electron
b) Paired electron
c) Single electron with parallel spin
d) Single electron with opposite spin
660. Which of the following bonds required the largest amount of bond energy to dissociate the atom
concerned?
a) H − H bond in H2 b) O = O bond in O2 c) N ≡ N bond in N2 d) C − C bond in C2 H6
661. The covalency of nitrogen in HNO3 is:
a) Zero
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
662. Which is distilled first?
a) Liquid H2 b) Liquid CO2 c) Liquid O2 d) Liquid N2
663. Which one of the following is a correct set?
a) H2 O, 𝑠𝑝3 , angular b) H2 O, 𝑠𝑝2 , linear
c) NH4+ , 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , square planar d) CH4 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 , tetrahedral
664. Which is correct order for electron gain enthalpy?
a) S < 𝑂 < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐹 b) O < 𝑆 < 𝐹 < 𝐶𝑙 c) Cl < 𝐹 < 𝑆 < 𝑂 d) F < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝑂 < 𝑆
665. Which is a pyramidal structure?
a) Trimethylamine b) Methanol c) Acetylene d) Water
666. Among the following mixtures, dipole – dipole as the major interaction, is present in
a) Benzene and ethanol b) Acetonitrile and acetone
c) KCl and water d) Benzene and carbon tetrachloride
667. In dry ice there are … in between molecules.
a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Hydrogen bond d) None of these
668. The dipole moment of 𝑜, 𝑝 and 𝑚-dichlorobenzene will be in the order
a) 𝑜 > 𝑝 > 𝑚 b) 𝑝 > 𝑜 > 𝑚 c) 𝑚 > 𝑜 > 𝑝 d) 𝑜 > 𝑚 > 𝑝
669. Which formulae does not correctly represents the bonding capacity of the atom involved?

a) b) c) d)

670. Which has minimum ionic radius?

a) N3− b) K + c) Na+ d) F −
671. The bond order is maximum in
a) O2 b) O+2 c) O−
2 d) O2−
2
672. PF3 molecule is:
a) Square planar b) Trigonal bipyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Trigonal pyramidal
673. Resonance is due to:
a) Delocalization of σ-electrons
b) Delocalization of π-electrons
c) Migration of H atoms
d) Migration of protons
674. Which property is commonly exhibited by a covalent compound?
a) High solubility in water
b) Low m.p.
c) High electrical conductivity
d) High b.p.
675. Which of the following is an electrovalent linkage?
a) CH4 b) SiCl4 c) MgCl2 d) BF3
676. The decreasing values of bond angles from NH3 (106 ͦ) to SbH3 (101 ͦ) down group-15 of the periodic
table is due to:
a) Increasing 𝑏𝑝 - 𝑏𝑝 repulsion
b) Increasing 𝑝-orbital character in 𝑠𝑝3
c) Decreasing 𝑙𝑝 - 𝑏𝑝 repulsion
d) Decreasing electronegativity
677. The shape of ClO−3 according to VSEPR model is:
a) Planar triangle b) Pyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Square planar
678. Which metal has a greater tendency to form metal oxide?
a) Cr b) Fe c) Al d) Ca
679. The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarising power. Which one of the following sequences
represents the increasing order of the polarising power of the cationic species, K + , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Be2+ ?
a) Mg 2+ < 𝐵e2+ < K + < 𝐶a2+ b) Be2+ < K + < 𝐶a2+ < 𝑀g 2+
+ 2+
c) K < 𝐶a < 𝑀g < 𝐵e 2+ 2+
d) Ca2+ < 𝑀g 2+ < 𝐵e2+ < K +
680. A p-block element in which last electron enters into 𝑠-orbitals of valence shell instead ofp -orbital is:
a) As b) Ga c) No such element exist d) He
681. How many electron pairs are present in valence shell of oxygen in water molecule?
a) 4 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
682. Number of electrons in a the valence orbit of nitrogen in an ammonia molecule is
a) 8 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7
683. The number of valency electrons in carbon atom is:
a) Zero b) 2 c) 6 d) 4
684. The structure of IF5 can be best described as
d) None of these

a) b) c)

685. The relationship between the dissociation energy and N2 and N2+ is
a) dissociation energy of N2 = dissociation energy ofN2+
b) dissociation energy of N2 can either be lower or higher than the dissociation energy of N2+
c) dissociation energy of N2 > dissociation energy ofN2+
d) dissociation energy of N2+ > dissociation energy ofN2
686. The bond angle in H2 S (for H—S—H)is:
a) Same as that of Cl—Be—Cl in BeCl2
b) Greater thanH—N—H bond angle in NH3
c) Greater than H—Se—H and less than H—O—H
d) Same as Cl—Sn— Cl in SnCl2
687. Which one among the following does not have the hydrogen bond?
a) Phenol b) Water c) Liquid NH3 d) Liquid HCl
688. Which of the following molecules/ions does not contain unpaired electrons.
a) O2−2 b) B2 c) N2+ d) O2
689. The C − O − H bond angle in ethanol is nearly
a) 90 b) 104 c) 120 d) 180
690. Which one of the following does not have 𝑠𝑝 hybridised carbon?
2

a) Acetone b) Acetic acid c) Acetonitrile d) Acetamide

691. Among the following elements Ca, Mg, P and Cl the order of increasing atomic radius is:
a) Mg < 𝐶𝑎 < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝑃 b) Cl < 𝑃 < 𝑀𝑔 < 𝐶𝑎 c) P < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐶𝑎 < 𝑀𝑔 d) Ca < 𝑀𝑔 < 𝑃 < 𝐶𝑙
692. Which has a giant covalent structure?
a) PbO2 b) SiO2 c) NaCl d) AlCl3
693. Bond angles of NH3 , PH3 , AsH3 andSbH3 is in the order
a) PH3 > 𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑆𝑏H3 > 𝑁H3 b) SbH3 > 𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑃H3 > 𝑁H3
c) SbH3 > 𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑁H3 > 𝑃H3 d) NH3 > 𝑃H3 > 𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑆𝑏H3
694. Amongst the elements with following electronic configurations, which one of them may have the highest
ionization energy?
a) Ne[3𝑠 2 3𝑝1 ] b) Ne[3𝑠 2 3𝑝3 ] c) Ne[3𝑠 2 3𝑝2 ] d) Ar[3𝑑10 4𝑠 2 4𝑝3 ]
695. Based on VSEPR theory, the number of 90 degree F − Br − F angles in BrF5 is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
696. Which one of the following elements has lower value of ionisation energy?
a) Mg b) Rb c) Li d) Ca
697. The lattice energy order for lithium halide is:
a) LiF > 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 > 𝐿𝑖𝐵𝑟 > 𝐿𝑖𝐼
b) LiCl > 𝐿𝑖𝐹 > 𝐿𝑖𝐵𝑟 > 𝐿𝑖𝐼
c) LiBr > 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 > 𝐿𝑖𝐹 > 𝐿𝑖𝐼
d) LiI > 𝐿𝑖𝐵𝑟 > 𝐿𝑖𝐶𝑙 > 𝐿𝑖𝐹
698. Among the species:CO2 , CH3 COO− , CO, CO2− 3 ,HCHO which has the weakest C − O bond?
a) CO b) CO2 c) CO2−3 d) CH3 COO−
699. Peroxide ion
(i) has five completely filled antibonding molecular orbitals
(ii) is diamagnetic
(iii) has bond order one
(iv) is isoelectronic with neon
Which one of these is correct?
a) (ii) and (iii) b) (i),(ii) and (iv) c) (i),(ii) and (iii) d) (i) and (iv)
700. Which is the weakest among the following type of bond?
a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen bond
701. In which of the following pairs of molecules/ions, the central atom has 𝑠𝑝 -hybridization?
2

a) NO2 and NH3 b) BF3 and NO− 2 c) NH2− and H2 O d) BF3 and NH2−
702. Bond length decreases with:
a) Decrease in size of the atom
b) Increase in the number of bonds between the atoms
c) Decrease in bond order
d) Decrease in the number of bonds between the atoms
703. Which of the following molecules/ ions does not contain unpaired electrons?
a) O2−2 b) B2 c) N2+ d) O2
704. The structure of IF7 is
a) Square pyramid b) Trigonalbipyramid
c) Octahedral d) Pentagonal bipyramid
705. The species C2
a) Has one 𝜎 bond and one 𝜋 bond b) Has both 𝜋 bonds
c) Has both 𝜎 bonds d) Does not exist
706. In which of the following bond angle is maximum?
a) NH3 b) NH4+ c) PCl5 d) SCl2
707. Oxidising power of chlorine in aqueous solution can be determined by the parameters indicated below
1
1 ∆ ∆ ∆
2 diss𝐻° EA 𝐻° hyd 𝐻°
Cl2 (g) → Cl(g) → Cl− (g) → Cl− (𝑎𝑞)
2
1
The energy involved in the conversion of Cl2 (g) to Cl− (𝑎𝑞)(Using the data)
2
−1
∆diss𝐻° Cl = 240 kJmol
2

∆EA𝐻° Cl = −349 kJmol−1

∆hyd 𝐻° Cl = −381 kJmol−1 will be
a) +152 kJmol−1 b) −610 kJmol−1 c) −850 kJmol−1 d) +120 kJmol−1
708. The hybridisation of the ipso – carbon dichlorobenzene is
a) sp hybridized b) 𝑠𝑝 2 hybridised c) 𝑠𝑝2 𝑑hybridized d) 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised
709. Which of the following has maximum dipole moment?
a) NCl3 b) NBr3 c) NH3 d) NI3
710. The molecule having largest dipole moment among the following is
a) CHl3 b) CH4 c) CHCl3 d) CCl4
711. Which of the following diatomic molecules would be stabilized by the removal of an electron?
a) C2 b) CN c) N2 d) O2
712. Which of the following possess maximum hydration energy?
a) MgSO4 b) RaSO4 c) SrSO4 d) BaSO4
713. In which of the following hydrogen bond is present?
a) H2 b) Ice c) Sulphur d) Hydrocarbon
714. The correct order of decreasing polarisability of ion is:
a) Cl− , Br − , I − , F − b) F − , I− , Br − , Cl− c) I− , Br − , Cl− , F − d) F − , Cl− , Br − , I−
715. Which is highest melting point halide?
a) NaCl b) NaBr c) NaF d) NaI
716. Number of σ and π bonds in acetylene are
a) 3 and 2 b) 2 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 4 and 3
717. Which of the following halides is least stable and has doubtful existence?
a) CI4 b) GeI4 c) SnI4 d) PbI4
718. C − Cbond length is maximum in
a) Diamond b) Graphite c) Naphthalene d) Fullerene
719. The electronegativity difference between N and F is greater than that between N and H yet the dipole
moment of NH3 (1.5 D) is larger than that of NF3 (0.2D). This is because:
a) In NH3 as well as NF3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in opposite directions.
In NH3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the opposite directions whereas in NF3 these are in the
b)
same direction.
c) In NH3 as well as in NF3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the same direction.
In NH3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the same direction whereas in NF3 these are in
d)
opposite directions.
720. Resonance is not shown by:
a) C6 H6 b) CO2 c) CO2−3 d) SiO2
721. The molecular shapes of SF4 , CF4 and XeF4 are
a) Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, respectively
b) Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, respectively
c) The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pairs of electrons on the central atoms, respectively
 d) The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, respectively
722. The shape of IF7 molecule is
a) Pentagonal bipyramidal b) Trigonalbipyramidal
c) Tetrahedral d) Octahedral
723. Decreasing order of C – C bond length is
(I)C2 H4 (II)C2 H2
(III)C6 H6 (IV)C2 H6
a) IV > 𝐼𝐼𝐼 > 𝐼 > 𝐼𝐼 b) I > 𝐼𝐼 > 𝐼𝑉 > 𝐼𝐼𝐼 c) II > 𝐼 > 𝐼𝑉 > 𝐼𝐼𝐼 d) IV > 𝐼 > 𝐼𝐼𝐼 > 𝐼𝐼
724. In which of the following compounds, the bonds have the largest percentage of ionic character:
a) H2 O b) HF c) IBr d) N2 O4
725. Oxygen and sulphur both are the member of same group in Periodic Table but H2 O is liquid while H2 S is
gas because
a) Molecular weight of water is more
b) Electronegativity of sulphur is more
c) H2 S is weak acid
d) Water molecules are having strong hydrogen bonds between them
726. The linear structure is possessed by:
a) SnCl2 b) NCO− c) NO+ 2 d) CS2
727. When the hybridization state of carbon atom changes from 𝑠𝑝3 to 𝑠𝑝2 and finally to 𝑠𝑝, the angle between
the hybridized orbitals:
a) Decreases gradually
b) Decreases considerably
c) Is not affected
d) Increases progressively
728. Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom?
a) [ClO−3] b) XeF4 c) SF4 d) [I3− ]
729. Which concept best explains that 𝑜-nitrophenol is more volatile than 𝑝-nitrophenol?
a) Resonance
b) Sterichinderance
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Hyperconjugation
730. How many bonded electron pairs are present in IF7 molecule?
a) 6 b) 7 c) 5 d) 8
731. The comparatively high b.p. of HF is due to
a) High reactivity of fluorine
b) Small size of hydrogen atom
c) Formation of hydrogen bonds and consequent association
d) High IE of fluroine
732. Which one of the following species is diamagnetic in nature?
a) H2− b) H2+ c) H2 d) He+ 2
733. The unequal sharing of bonded pair of electrons between two atoms in a molecule gives rise to:
a) Ionic bond
b) Polar covalent bond
c) Non-polar covalent bond
d) None of the above
734. In which of the following process energy is liberated?
a) Cl ⟶ Cl+ + 𝑒 b) HCl ⟶ H + + Cl− c) Cl + 𝑒 ⟶ Cl− d) O− + 𝑒 ⟶ O2−
735. Identify the least stable ion amongst the following:
a) Li− b) Be− c) B− d) C−
736. The lowest bond energy exist in the following bonds for:
 a) C—C b) N—N c) H—H d) O—O
737. Number of lone pair (s) in XeOF4 is/are
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
738. Which one is electron deficient compound?
a) NH3 b) ICl c) BCl3 d) PCl3
739. Which type of bond is present in H2 S molecule?
a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond
c) Coordinate d) All of three
740. In compound X, all the bond angles are exactly 10928′ , Xis:
a) Chloromethane b) Iodoform c) Carbon tetrachloride d) Chloroform
741. The hybridisation of P in PCl5 is
a) 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 𝑑 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
742. Pauling’s electronegativity values for elements are useful in predicting:
a) Polarity of bonds in molecules
b) Position of elements in electromotive series
c) Coordination number
d) Dipole moment of various molecules
743. The hybridization of carbon atoms in C—C single bond of HC≡C—CH=CH2 is:
a) 𝑠𝑝3 −𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 −𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝−𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝3 −𝑠𝑝
744. It is thought that atoms combine with each other such that the outermost orbit acquires a stable
configuration of 8 electrons. If stability were attained with 6 electrons rather than with 8, what would be
the formula of the stable fluoride ions?
a) F 3+ b) F + c) F − d) F 2−
745. The number of antibonding electrons pairs in O2− 2 on the basis of MO theory are:
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 5
746. Which has triangular planar shape?
a) CH3+ b) ClO− 2 c) H3 O+ d) ClO−3
747. Specify the coordination geometry around and hybridization of N and B atoms in a 1:1 complex of BF3 and
NH3 :
a) N : tetrahedral, 𝑠𝑝3 ; B : tetrahedral, 𝑠𝑝3
b) N : pyramidal, 𝑠𝑝 3 ; B : pyramidal, 𝑠𝑝3
c) N : pyramidal, 𝑠𝑝 3 ; B : planar, 𝑠𝑝2
d) N : pyramidal, 𝑠𝑝 3 ; B : tetrahedral, 𝑠𝑝3
748. Which of the following molecule has highest bond energy?
a) C − C b) N − N c) O − O d) F − F
749. The number of oxygen atoms bonded to one phosphorus atom in P4 O6 is
a) 4 b) 3 c) 6 d) 5
750. Bond energies in NO,NO+ and NO− are such as
a) NO− > 𝑁𝑂 > 𝑁O+ b) NO+ > 𝑁O− > 𝑁O c) NO > 𝑁O− > 𝑁O+ d) NO+ > 𝑁𝑂 > 𝑁O−
751. In XeF6 , oxidation state and state of hybridisation of Xe and shape of the molecule are, respectively
a) +6, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 , distorted octahedral b) +4, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 , square planar
c) +6, 𝑠𝑝 , pyramidal
3
d) +6, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 , square pyramidal
752. Which one of the following pairs of species have the same bond order?
a) CN− and NO+ b) CN− and CN + c) O−2 and CN
−
d) NO+ and CO
+ −
753. The bond length of species O2 , O2 and O2 are in the order of
a) O+ 2 > O2 > O2
−
b) O−2 > O2 > O2
+
c) O2 > O+ 2 > O2
−
d) O2 > O− +
2 > O2
754. Which hybridization results non-polar orbitals?
a) 𝑠𝑝 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 d) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2
755. The 𝑑-orbital involed in 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridization is
a) 𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦2 b) 𝑑𝑥𝑦 c) 𝑑𝓏 2 d) 𝑑𝓏𝑥
756. The element with strong electropositive nature is:
a) Cu b) Cs c) Cr d) Ba
757. Which statement is correct?
a) 𝑋 + ion is larger than 𝑋 − ion
b) 𝑋 − ion is larger in size than 𝑋 atom
c) 𝑋 + and 𝑋 − have the same size
d) 𝑋 + ion is larger in size than 𝑋 atom
758. SF2 , SF4 and SF6 have the hybridisations at sulphur atom respectively, as
a) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 𝑑2 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 c) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 d) 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝𝑑2 , 𝑑 2 𝑠𝑝3
759. Solid CH4 is:
a) Molecular solid b) Ionic solid c) Covalent solid d) Not exist
760. The bond angles of NH3 , NH4+ and NH2− are in the order
a) NH2− > 𝑁H3 > 𝑁H4+ b) NH4+ > 𝑁H3 > 𝑁H2− c) NH3 > 𝑁H2− > 𝑁H4+ d) NH > NH4+ > 𝑁H2−
761. 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization is shown by:
a) BeCl2 b) BF3 c) NH3 d) XeF2
762. Cl − P − Cl bond angles in PCl5 molecule are
a) 120 and 90 b) 60 and 90 c) 60 and 120 d) 120 and 30
763. Which one of the following pairs is isostructural (𝑖. 𝑒., having the same shape and hybridization)?
a) [NF3 and BF3 ] b) [BF4− and NH4+ ] c) [BCl3 and BrCl3 ] d) [NH3 and NO− 3]
764. Which one of the following sets of ions represents a collection of isoelectronic species?
a) K + , Cl− , Ca2+ , Sc 3+ b) Ba2+ , Sr 2+ , K + , Ca2+ c) N3− , O2− , F − , S2− d) Li+ , Na+ , Mg 2+ , Ca2+
765. Which molecule has zero dipole-moment?
a) HF b) HBr c) H2 O d) CO2
766. Four diatomic species are listed below. Identify the correct order in which the bond order is increasing in
them:
a) NO < O− 2−
2 < C2 < 𝐻e2
+

b) O− 2−
2 < 𝑁𝑂 < C2 < 𝐻e2
+

c) C22− < 𝐻e2+ < O− 2 < 𝑁𝑂

d) He2 < O2 < 𝑁𝑂 < C22−
+ −

767. Which one of the following compounds has bond angle as nearly 90°?
a) NH3 b) H2 S c) H2 O d) CH4
768. The hybrid state of sulphur in SO3 molecule is
a) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 c) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 d) 𝑠𝑝2
769. In which of the following pair both molecules do not possess same type of hybridisation?
a) CH4 and H2 O b) PCl5 and SF4 c) SF6 and XeF4 d) BCl3 and NCl3
770. Which is the most covalent?
a) C − F b) C − O c) C − S d) C − Br
771. The shape of NO− 3 is planar. It is formed by the overlapping of oxygen orbitals with … orbitals of nitrogen.
a) 𝑠𝑝 -hybridized
3
b) 𝑠𝑝 -hybridized
2
c) Three 𝑝-orbitals d) None of these
772. Which of the ions has the largest ionic radius?
a) Be2+ b) Mg 2+ c) Ca2+ d) Sr 2+
773. A 𝜎-bonded molecule 𝑀𝑋3 is T-shaped. The number non-bonding pairs of electron is
a) 0
b) 2
c) 1
d) Can be predicted only if atomic number of M is known
774. Which of the following is not isoelectronic?
a) NO− b) CN− c) N2 d) O2+
2
775. In which set of molecules are all the species paramagnetic?
a) B2 , O2, N2 b) B2 , O2 , NO c) B2 , F2 , O2 d) B2 , O2 , Li2
776. Which of the following has strongest hydrogen bonding?
a) Ethylamine b) Ammonia c) Ethyl Alcohol d) Diethyl ether
777. The bonds present in N2 O5 are:
a) Ionic
b) Covalent and coordinate
c) Covalent
d) Ionic and covalent
778. The angle between two covalent bonds is maximum in:
a) CH4 b) H2 O c) CO2 d) SO3
779. The pair having similar geometry is
a) PCl3 , NH4 b) BeCl2 , H2 O c) CH4 , CCl4 d) IF5 , PF5
780. In the electronic structure of acetic acid there are:
a) 16 shared and 8 unshared valency electrons
b) 8 shared and 16 unshared valency electrons
c) 12 shared and 12 unshared valency electrons
d) 18 shared and 6 unshared valency electrons
781. Increasing order (lower first) of size of the various hybridised orbitals is:
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 , 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝 c) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝 d) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3
782. Among the following, the compound that contains ionic, covalent and coordinate linkage is
a) NH3 b) NH4 Cl c) NaCl d) CaO
783. How many bridging oxygen atoms are present in P4 O10 ?
a) 6 b) 4 c) 2 d) 5
784. Consider the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of an ionic compound given below and identify the
compound (Z) formed.
∆𝐻1 ∆𝐻2
𝑀(𝑠) → 𝑀(g) → 𝑀+ (g) ∆𝐻5
[1 ∆𝐻3 ∆𝐻4 ]→ 𝑍
𝑋2 (g) → 𝑋(g) → 𝑋 − (g)
2
a) 𝑀+ 𝑋 − b) 𝑀+ 𝑋 − (𝑠) c) 𝑀𝑋 d) 𝑀+ 𝑋 − (g)
785. The bond length is maximum in:
a) H2 S b) HF c) H2 O d) Ice
786. N2 andO2 are converted into monocations, N2+ and O+ 2 respectively. Which of the following is wrong?
+ +
a) In N2 , N − N bond weakens b) In O2 ,the O − O bond order increases
+
c) In O2 , paramagnetism decreases d) N2+ become diamagnetic
787. The number of nodal planes present in σ∗ s-antibondingorbitals is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) 3
788. Which of the following has maximum number of lone pairs associated with Xe?
a) XeO3 b) XeF4 c) XeF6 d) XeF2
789. Which is most volatile compound?
a) HI b) HCl c) HBr d) HF
−
790. The calculated bond order in O2 ion is
a) 1 b) 1.5 c) 2 d) 2.5
791. A C ≡ C bond is:
a) Weaker than C=C bond
b) Weaker than C—C bond
c) Longer than C—C bond
d) Shorter than C=C bond
792. In which of the following pairs bond angle is 109 ͦ28′ ?
a) [NH4+ ], [BF4− ] b) [NH4+ ], [BF3 ] c) [NH3 ], [BF4− ] d) [NH3 ], [BF3 ]
793. Which of the following molecules has three-fold axis of symmetry?
a) NH3 b) C2 H4 c) CO2 d) SO2
794. In which of the following arrangements the sequence is not strictly according to the property written
against it?
a) HF < 𝐻𝐶𝑙 < 𝐻𝐵𝑟 < 𝐻𝐼 : increasing acid strength
b) NH3 < 𝑃H3 < 𝐴𝑠H3 < 𝑆𝑏H3 : increasing basic strength
c) B < 𝐶 < 𝑂 < 𝑁 : increasing first ionization enthalpy
d) CO2 < 𝑆𝑖O2 < 𝑆𝑛O2 < 𝑃𝑏O2 :increasing oxidising power
795. Which one of the following is paramagnetic?
a) N2 b) NO c) CO d) O3
796. Which of the following has largest ionic radius?
a) Na+ b) K + c) Li+ d) Cs+
797. Lattice energy of a solid increases if
a) Size of ions is small b) Charges of ions are small
c) Ions are neutral d) None of the above
798. Which one is most polar?
a) CCl4 b) CHCl3 c) CH3 Cl d) CH3 OH
799. The high boiling point of water is due to:
a) Weak dissociation of water molecules
b) Hydrogen bonding among water molecules
c) Its high specific heat
d) Its high dielectric constant
800. The states of hybridisation of boron and oxygen atoms in boric acid ( H3 BO3 ) are respectively
a) 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 and 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝3 and 𝑠𝑝3
801. In which pair of species, both species do have the similar geometry?
a) CO2 , SO2 b) NH3 , BH3 c) CO2− 2−
3 , SO3 d) SO2− −
4 , ClO4
802. Which of the following is largest ion?
a) Na+ b) Mg 2+ c) O2− d) F −
803. The electronic configuration of sodium and chlorine justifies:
a) Their physical state
b) Their reactivity
c) The formation of electrovalent compound NaCl
d) None of the above
804. 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation is found in
a) b) c) ClO−
3 d) SO3
805. Glycerol is more viscous than ethanol due to
a) High molecular weight b) High boiling point
c) Many hydrogen bonds per molecule d) Fajan’s rule
806. In the case of alkali metals, the covalent character decreases in the order:
a) MI > 𝑀𝐵𝑟 > 𝑀𝐶𝑙 > 𝑀𝐹
b) MCl > 𝑀𝐼 > 𝑀𝐵𝑟 > 𝑀𝐹
c) MF > 𝑀𝐶𝑙 > 𝑀𝐵𝑟 > 𝑀𝐼
d) MF > 𝑀𝐶𝑙 > 𝑀𝐼 > 𝑀𝐵𝑟
807. Two nodal planes are present in
a) b) σ2𝑝𝑧 c) π2𝑝𝑥 d) π2𝑝𝑦
808. H – bond is not present in
a) Water b) Glycerol
c) Hydrogen fluoride d) Hydrogen sulphide
809. In which of the following pairs molecules have bond order three and are isoelectronic?
a) CN− , CO b) CO, O+
2 c) NO+ , CO+ d) CN− , O+
2
810. Which of the following halides has maximum melting point?
 a) NaF b) NaCl c) NaBr d) NaI
811. Which atomic orbital is always involved in sigma bonding only?
a) 𝑠 b) 𝑝 c) 𝑑 d) 𝑓
812. Which of the following acts sometimes as a metal and sometimes as a non-metal?
a) Hg b) Cl c) K d) At
813. Amongst the following elements the configuration having the highest ionization energy is:
a) [Ne]3𝑠 2 3𝑝1 b) [Ne]3𝑠 2 3𝑝3 c) [Ne]3𝑠 2 3𝑝2 d) [Ar]3𝑑10 4𝑠 2 4𝑝3
814. Which of the following species exhibits the diamagnetic behaviour ?
a) O2−
2 b) O+ 2 c) O2 d) NO
815. Which is a good solvent for ionic and polar covalent compounds?
a) H2 O b) CH3 COOH c) CCl4 d) Liquid NH3
816. The following salt shows maximum covalent character
a) AlCl3 b) MgCl2 c) CsCl d) LaCl3
817. Each of the followings has non-zero dipole moment, except:
a) C6 H6 b) CO c) SO2 d) NH3
818. Bonded electron pairs present in octahedral SF6 molecule:
a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 5
819. Resonance structures can be written for
a) O3 b) NH3 c) CH4 d) H2 O
820. Born-Haber cycle may be used to calculate
a) Electronegativity b) Mass number c) Oxidation number d) Electron affinity
821. The electronic structure of four elements 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 are
(𝐴)1𝑠 2 (𝐵)1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝 2
(𝐶)1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝5 (𝐷)1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6
The tendency to form electrovalent bond is largest in
a) 𝐴 b) 𝐵 c) 𝐶 d) 𝐷
822. In which element shielding effect is not possible?
a) H b) Be c) B d) N
− + +
823. The hybridisation of orbitals of N atom in NO3 , NO2 and NH4 are respectively:
a) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 2 , 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝2 , 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝
824. Which of the following is isoelectronic with carbon atom?
a) Na+ b) Al3+ c) O2− d) N +
825. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Polarization of an anion is maximum by high charged cation
b) Small sized cation minimises the polarization
c) A small anion brings about a large degree of polarisation
d) A small anion undergoes a high degree of polarization
826. Among LiCl, BeCl2 , BCl3 and CCl4 , the covalent bond character follows the order:
a) LiCl > 𝐵𝑒𝐶l2 > 𝐵𝐶l3 > 𝐶𝐶l4
b) LiCl < 𝐵𝑒𝐶l2 < 𝐵𝐶l3 < 𝐶𝐶l4
c) LiCl > 𝐵𝑒𝐶l2 > 𝐶𝐶l4 > 𝐵𝐶l3
d) LiCl < 𝐵𝑒𝐶l2 < 𝐵𝐶l3 > 𝐶𝐶l4
827. The value of bond order in nitrogen and oxygen molecule is:
a) 3, 2 b) 4, 2 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2
828. Pauling received Nobel Prize for his work on:
a) Photosynthesis b) Atomic structure c) Chemical bonding d) Thermodynamics
829. With which of the given pairs CO2 resembles?
a) HgCl2 , C2 H2 b) C2 H2 , NO2 c) HgCl2 , SnCl4 d) N2 O, NO2
830. The enhanced force of cohesion in metals is due to:
a) The covalent linkages between atoms
 b) The electrovalent linkages between atoms
c) The lack of exchange of valency electrons
d) The exchange energy of mobile electrons
831. Among H𝑋, the maximum dipole moment is of:
a) HF b) HCl c) HBr d) HI
832. Dative bond is present in:
a) SO3 b) NH3 c) BaCl2 d) BF3
833. In which of the following molecule, the central atom does not have 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization?
a) CH4 b) SF4 c) BF4− d) NH4+
834. Which has an odd electron and shows paramagnetic character?
a) NO b) SO2 c) CO2 d) H2 O
835. Which ion is not isoelectronic with O2− ?
a) N3− b) Na+ c) F − d) Ti+
836. Which species is paramagnetic?
a) O−
2 b) CH3− c) CO d) NO+
837. Structure of ammonia is
a) Pyramidal b) Tetrahedral c) Trigonal d) Trigonal pyramidal
838. The example of the p-p-orbital overlapping is the formation of:
a) H2 molecule
b) Cl2 molecule
c) Hydrogen chloride
d) Hydrogen bromide molecule
839. In which of the following 𝑝𝜋 - 𝑑𝜋 bonding is observed?
a) NO−3 b) SO2−
3 c) BO3−3 d) CO2−
3
840. The shape of ClO− 4 ion is:
a) Square planar b) Square pyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Trigonal bipyramidal
841. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of O2 because H2 O molecule has:
a) Fewer electrons than O2
b) Two covalent bonds
c) V-shape
d) Dipole moment
842. Compound formed by 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridization will have structure:
a) Trigonal bipyramidal
b) T-shaped
c) Linear
d) Either of these depending on number of lone pair of electrons of central atom
843. Which has the lowest bond angle?
a) NH3 b) BeF2 c) H3 O+ d) CH4
844. Assuming that Hund’s rule is violated, the bond order and magnetic nature of the diatomic molecule B2 is
a) 1 and diamagnetic
b) 0 and diamagnetic
c) 1 and paramagnetic
d) 0 and paramagnetic
845. The energy of antibonding molecular orbitals is:
a) Greater than the bonding M.O.
b) Smaller than the bonding M.O.
c) Equal to that of bonding M.O.
d) None of the above
846. The set representing the correct order of ionic radius is:
a) Na+ > 𝐿i+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐵e2+
 b) Li+ > 𝑁a+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐵e2+
c) Mg 2+ > 𝐵e2+ > 𝐿i+ > 𝑁a+
d) Li+ > 𝐵e2+ > 𝑁a+ > 𝑀g 2+
847. Which of the following hydrogen bonds is the strongest?
a) b) c) d)
848. H2 Ois dipolar, whereas BeF2 is not. It is because
a) The electronegativity of F is greater than that of O
b) H2 O involves hydrogen bonding whereas BeF2 is a discrete molecule
c) H2 O is linear and BeF2 is angular
d) H2 O is angular and BeF2 is linear
849. Which of the following statements is most correct? Effective nuclear charge of an atom depends on:
a) The atomic number of the atom
b) The charge on the ion
c) The shielding effect
d) Both the actual nuclear charge and the shielding effect
850. The total number of valency electrons in PH4+ ion is:
a) 8 b) 9 c) 6 d) 14
851. Phosphoric acid is syrupy in nature due to
a) Strong covalent bonding b) Hydrogen bonding
c) van der Waals’ forces d) None of the above
852. The correct order of bond angles is:
a) H2 S < 𝑁H3 < 𝐵F3 < 𝑆𝑖H4
b) NH3 < H2 S < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝐵F3
c) H2 S < 𝑁H3 < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝐵F3
d) H2 S < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝑁H3 < 𝐵F3
853. Metallic lusture is explained by
a) Diffusion of metal ions b) Oscillation of loose electrons
c) Excitation of free protons d) Existence of bcc lattice
854. Which of the following phenomenon will occur when two atoms of same spin will react?
a) Bonding will not occur
b) Orbital overlap will not occur
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above
855. The hybrid state of S in SO3 is similar to that of
a) C in C2 H2 b) C in C2 H4 c) C in CH4 d) C in CO2
856. Among the following the pair in which the two species are not isostructural is
a) IO−3 and XeO3 b) PF6− and SF6 c) BH4− andNH4+ d) SiF4and SF4
857. Which of the following species contains three bond pairs and one lone pair around the central atom?
a) NH2− b) PCl3 c) H2 O d) BF3
858. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is found in:
a) Salicyldehyde b) Water c) Acetaldehyde d) Phenol
+
+
859. The type of bond formed between H and NH3 in NH4 ion is:
a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Dative d) Hydrogen
860. Which of the following statements is correct about N2 molecule?
a) It has a bond order of 3 b) The number of unpaired electrons present in it is
zero and hence, it is diamagnetic
The order of filling of MOs is 𝜋(2𝑝𝑥 ) = d) All the above three statements are correct
c)
𝜋(2𝑝𝑦 ), 𝜎(2𝑝𝓏 )
861. Ice has an open structure compared to water due to which it floats on water and occupies a greater volume
of space. The open structure of ice is due to:
 a) Solid state of ice b) Its low density c) Crystalline nature d) Hydrogen bonding
862. Which of the following has minimum melting point?
a) CsF b) HCl c) HF d) LiF
863. Geometry of ammonia molecule and the hybridisation of nitrogen involved in it are
a) 𝑠𝑝3 hyridisation and tetrahedral geometry
b) 𝑠𝑝3 hyridisation and distorted tetrahedral geometry
c) 𝑠𝑝2 hyridisation and triangular geometry
d) None of the above
864. The molecule having smallest bond angle is
a) H2 O b) H2 S c) NH3 d) H2 Te
865. For a covalent solid, the units which occupy lattice points are:
a) Atoms b) Ions c) Molecules d) Electrons
866. Carbon suboxide (C3 O2 ) has recently been shown as a component of the atmosphere of Venus. Which of
the following formulation raepresents the correct ground state Lewis structure for carbon suboxide?
a) :O:C::C:C:O: b) :O::C::C:C::O: c) : Ö::C::C::C:: Ö: d) :O: C: C: C: O:
867. The ionization energy will be maximum for the process:
a) Ba ⟶ Ba2+ b) Be ⟶ Be2+ c) Cs ⟶ Cs+ d) Li ⟶ Li+
868. Born Haber cycle is used to determine:
a) Lattice energy b) Electron affinity c) Ionization energy d) Either of them
869. In which of the following molecules/ions BF3 , NO− 2 , NH −
2 , and H 2 O the central atom is 𝑠𝑝2 hybridized?
a) BF3 and NO− 2 b) NO− 2 and NH2
−
c) NH2− and H2 O d) NO− 2 and H2 O
870. 𝑠𝑝 𝑑 hybridisation results in
3

a) A square planar molecule b) An octahedron molecule

c) A trigonalbipyramidal molecule d) A tetrahedron molecule
871. In the electronic structure of H2 SO4 , the total number of unshared electrons is
a) 20 b) 16 c) 12 d) 8
872. Which of the following element has higher ionisation energy?
a) Boron b) Carbon c) Oxygen d) Nitrogen
873. The bond length of HCl molecule is 1.275 Å and its dipole moment is 1.03 D. The ionic character of the
molecule (in per cent) ( charge of the electron= 4.8 × 10−10 esu) is
a) 100 b) 67.3 c) 33.66 d) 16.83
874. In a double bond connecting two atoms there is a sharing of:
a) 2 electrons b) 4 electrons c) 1 electron d) All electrons
875. Number of P – O bonds in P4 O10 is
a) 17 b) 16 c) 15 d) 6
876. Elements whose electronegativities are 1.2 and 3.0 form:
a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Coordinate bond d) Metallic bond
877. Which of the following is correct?
a) Decreases in bond length means increase in bond strength
b) Covalent radius of carbon is less than that of nitrogen
c) Single bonds are stronger than double bonds
d) Fe (III) chloride cannot exist in the dimeric form Fe2 Cl6
878. Which of the following is a favourable factor for cation formation?
a) Low ionisation potential b) High electron affinity
c) High electronegativity d) Small atomic size
879. A number of ionic compounds, e.g., AgCl, CaF2 , BaSO4 are insoluble in water. This is because:
a) Ionic compounds do not dissolve in water
b) Water has a high dielectric constant
c) Water is not a good ionizing solvent
d) These molecules have exceptionally high attractive forces in their lattice
880. Ionisation potential values of ‘𝑑’ block elements as compared to ionisation potential values of ‘𝑓’ block
elements are:
a) Higher b) Lower c) Equal d) Either of these
881. When a metal atom combines with a non-metal atom, the non-metal atom will
a) Lose electrons and decrease in size
b) Lose electrons and increase in size
c) Gain electrons and decrease in size
d) Gain electrons and increase in size
882. The hydration of ionic compounds involves:
a) Evolution of heat
b) Weakening of attractive forces
c) Dissociation into ions
d) All of the above
883. Which of the following is diamagnetic?
a) H2+ b) O2 c) Li2 d) Fe+2
884. Molecular orbital electronic configuration for ‘X ’ anion is

The anion ‘X ’ is
a) N2− b) O−2 c) N22− d) O2−
2
885. According to Fajan’s rule polarization is more when:
a) Small cation and large anion
b) Small cation and small anion
c) Large cation and large anion
d) Large cation and small anion
886. Organic compounds soluble in water contain:
a) C, H. Cl b) C, H c) C, H, O d) C, S
887. Atomic radii of fluorine and neon in angstrom unit are respectively given by:
a) 0.72, 1.60 b) 1.60, 1.60 c) 0.72, 0.72 d) 1.60, 0.72
888. The decreasing order of bond angle is
a) NO2 > NO+ 2 > NO2
−
b) NO− +
2 > 𝑁O2 > NO2
+ − + −
c) NO2 > 𝑁O2 > NO2 d) NO2 > NO2 > 𝑁O2
889. The correct order of dipole moment is:
a) CH4 < 𝑁F3 < 𝑁H3 < H2 O
b) NF3 < 𝐶H4 < 𝑁H3 < H2 O
c) NH3 < 𝑁F3 < 𝐶H4 < H2 O
d) H2 O < 𝑁H3 < 𝑁F3 < 𝐶H4
890. Which oxide of nitrogen is isoelectronic with CO2 ?
a) NO2 b) N2 O c) NO d) N2 O2
891. Which of the following molecules does not possess a permanent electric dipole moment?
a) H2 S
b) SO2
c) SO3
d) CS2
892. Among O, C, F, Cl, Br the correct order of increasing atomic radii is:
a) F < 𝑂 < 𝐶 < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑟 b) F < 𝐶 < 𝑂 < 𝐵𝑟 < 𝐶𝑙 c) F < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑟 < 𝑂 < 𝐶 d) C < 𝑂 < 𝐹 < 𝐶𝑙 < 𝐵𝑟
893. In which of the following diatomic molecules /ions is the bond order of each molecule/ion = 2.5?
a) O+2 , NO, CN
−
b) CN− , N2+ , N2 c) N2+ , NO, O+
2 d) O+ − +
2 , CN , N2
894. What type of hybridisation takes place in the N atom ofNH3 ?
a) 𝑠𝑝2 b) 𝑠𝑝 3 c) 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 d) 𝑠𝑝
895. Identify the correct order of solubility of Na2 S, CuS and ZnS in aqueous medium:
a) CuS > 𝑍𝑛𝑆 > 𝑁a2 S b) ZnS > 𝑁a2 S > 𝐶𝑢𝑆 c) Na2 S > 𝐶𝑢𝑆 > 𝑍𝑛𝑆 d) Na2 S > 𝑍𝑛𝑆 > 𝐶𝑢𝑆
896. In the following molecule, the two carbon atoms marked by asterisk (*) possess the following type of
hybridized orbitals:

a) 𝑠𝑝3 -orbital b) 𝑠𝑝 2 -orbital c) 𝑠𝑝-orbital d) 𝑠-orbital

897. Debye an unit of dipole moment is of the order of:
a) 10−10 esu cm b) 10−18 esu cm c) 10−6 esu cm d) 10−12 esu cm
898. Which of the following is a favourable factor for cation formation?
a) High electronegativity b) High electron affinity
c) Low ionisation potential d) Smaller atomic size
899. The paramagnetic molecule at ground state among the following is
a) H2 b) O2 c) N2 d) CO
900. The bond in the formation of fluorine molecule will be
a) Due to 𝑠 − 𝑠 overlapping b) Due to 𝑠 − 𝑝overlapping
c) Due to 𝑝 − 𝑝 overlapping d) Due to hybridisation
901. The diamagnetic molecules are:
a) B2 , C2 , N2 b) O2 , N2 , F2 c) C2 , N2 , F2 d) B2 , O2 , N2
902. The IP1 is maximum for:
a) K b) Na c) Be d) He
903. In the transition of Cu to Cu , there is a decrease in:
2+

a) Atomic number
b) Atomic mass
c) Equivalent weight
d) Number of valency electrons
904. In the following, which bond will be responsible for maximum value of hydrogen bond?
a) N − H b) O − H c) F − H d) S − H
+
905. The bond order of O2 is the same as in
a) N2+ b) CN− c) CO d) NO+
+
906. Structure of XeF5 ion is
a) Trigonalbipyramidal b) Square pyramidal c) Octahedral d) Pentagonal
907. The fHOMO in CO is
a) 𝜋- bonding b) 𝜋-antibonding c) 𝜎-antibonding d) 𝜎- bonding
908. Which of the following has 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization on central atom?
a) BF2 b) BCl3 c) SO3 d) CCl4
909. Which one has 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation?
3

a) N2 O b) CO2 c) SO2 d) CO
910. Coordinate compounds are formed by:
a) Transfer of electrons
b) Sharing of electrons
c) Donation of electron pair
d) None of the above
911. In P4 O10 the
a) Second bond in P = O is formed by 𝑝𝜋 − 𝑑𝜋 back bonding
b) P = O bond is formed by pπ − pπ bonding
c) P = O bond is formed by dπ − dπ bonding
d) P = O bond is formed by dπ − dπ − 3σ back bonding
912. Allene(C3 H4 ) contains
a) One double bond, one triple bond and one single bond
b) One triple and two double bonds
 c) Two triple and one double bond
d) Two double and four single bond
913. Which shows non-directional bonding?
a) BCl3 b) CsCl c) NCl3 d) BeCl3
914. Which one of the following contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
a) C6 H5 Cl b) H2 O c) NaOH d) CO2
915. Na , Mg , Al , Si areisoelectronics. Their ionic size follows the order:
+ 2+ 3+ 4+

a) Na+ < 𝑀g 2+ < 𝐴l3+ < 𝑆i4+

b) Na+ > 𝑀g 2+ < 𝐴l3+ < 𝑆i4+
c) Na+ < 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+ > 𝑆i4+
d) Na+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+ > 𝑆i4+
916. Which of the following does not apply to metallic bond?
a) Overlapping valence orbitals
b) Mobile valence electrons
c) Delocalized electrons
d) Highly directed bonds
917. Van der Waals’ forces are maximum in:
a) HBr b) LiBr c) LiCl d) AgBr
918. The internuclear distance in H2 and Cl2 molecules are 74 and 198 pm respectively. The bond length of H—
Cl may be:
a) 272 pm b) 70 pm c) 136 pm d) 248 pm
919. The molecule having zero dipole moment is
a) CH2 Cl2 b) BF3 c) NF3 d) ClF3
920. For a stable molecule, the value of bond order must be
a) There is no relationship between stability and bond order
b) Zero
c) Positive
d) negative
921. Which compound among the following has more covalent character?
a) AlCl3 b) AlI3 c) MgI2 d) NaI
922. Which among the following has the largest dipole moment?
a) NH3 b) H2 O c) HI d) SO3
923. The hybridization of phosphorus in POCl3 is same as in:
a) P in PCl3 b) S in SF6 c) Cl in ClF3 d) B in BCl3
924. A square planar complex is formed by hybridisation of the following atomic orbitals
a) 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 , 𝑝𝑧 b) 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 , 𝑝𝑧 , 𝑑 c) 𝑑, 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 d) 𝑠, 𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 , 𝑝𝑧 , 𝑑, 𝑑
925. Which of the following pairs are isostructural?
a) SO2−3 , NO3
−
b) BF3 , NF3 c) BrO− 3 , XeO3 d) SF4 , XeF4
926. Among HF, CH4 , CH3 OH and N2 O4 intermolecular hydrogen bond is expected
a) In two b) In all c) In all leaving one d) None of these
927. Hydration of different ions in aqueous solution is an example of
a) Ion – induced dipole interaction
b) Dipole - dipole interaction
c) Dipole – induced dipole interaction
d) Ion – dipole interaction
928. Amongst LiCl, RbCl, BeCl2 and MgCl2 , the compounds with the greatest and the least ionic character,
respectively
a) LiCl and RbCl b) RbCl and MgCl2 c) RbCl and BeCl2 d) MgCl2 and BeCl2
929. The percentage of p– character in the orbitals forming P – P bonds in P4 is
a) 25 b) 33 c) 50 d) 75
930. Atoms or group of atoms which are electrically charged are known as:
a) Anions b) Cations c) Ions d) Atoms
931. Which among the following elements has lowest value of ionisation energy?
a) Mg b) Ca c) Ba d) Sr
932. IP2 for an element is invariably higher than IP1 because:
a) The size of cation is smaller than its atom
b) It is difficult to remove ‘e’ from cation
c) Effective nuclear charge is more for cation
d) All of the above
933. In forming (i) N2 ⟶ N2+ and (ii) O2 ⟶ O+ 2 ; the electrons respectively are removed from

a)

b)

c)
d)

934. Which one pair of atoms or ions will have same configuration?
a) Li+ and He− b) Cl− and Ar c) Na and K d) F + and Ne
935. Which combination is best explained by the coordinate covalent bond?
1
a) H + + H2 O b) Cl + Cl c) Mg + O2 d) H2 + I2
2
936. The dipole moment of CHCl3 is 1.05 debye while that of CCl4 is zero, because CCl4 is:
a) Linear b) Symmetrical c) Planar d) Regular tetrahedral
937. Which shows the highest lattice energy?
a) RbF b) CsF c) NaF d) KF
938. In a polar molecule, the ionic charge is 4.8 × 10 −10
e.s.u. If the inter ionic distance is 1 Å unit, then the
dipole moment is
a) 41.8 debye b) 4.18 debye c) 4.8 debye d) 0.48 debye
939. The correct order regarding the electronegativity of hybrid orbitals of carbon is:
a) 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝2 > 𝑠𝑝3 b) 𝑠𝑝 < 𝑠𝑝2 < 𝑠𝑝3 c) 𝑠𝑝 > 𝑠𝑝2 < 𝑠𝑝 3 d) 𝑠𝑝 > 𝑠𝑝2 > 𝑠𝑝3
940. Which of the following groups all do not have 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation?
a) ClF3 , IF3 , XeF3+ b) ICl− − −
2 , ClF2 , I3 c) ClF3 , BrF3 , IF3 d) PCl3 , AsCl3 , PF5
941. Which of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule for electron distribution?
a) H2 O b) PH3 c) PCl3 d) PCl5
942. Which of the following sets represents the collection of isoelectronic species?
a) Na+ , Mg 2+ , Al3+ , Cl− b) Na+ , Ca2+ , Sc 3+ , F − c) K + , Cl− , Mg 2+ , Sc 3+ d) K + , Ca2+ , Sc 3+ , Cl−
943. Which of the following has unchanged valency?
a) H b) Na c) Fe d) O
944. The structure of XeF4 is:
a) Planar b) Tetrahedral c) Square planar d) Pyramidal
+ +
945. N2 and O2 are converted into N2 and O2 respectively.
Which of the following is not correct?
a) In N2+ , the N – N bond weakens
b) In O+
2 , O – O bond order increases
c) In O+
2 , paramagnetism decreases
+
d) N2 becomes diamagnetic
946. Which molecule has trigonal planar geometry?
a) IF3 b) PCl3 c) NH3 d) BF3
947. Malleability and ductility of metals can be accounted due to
 a) The presence of electrostatic force
b) The crystalline structure in metal
c) The capacity of layers of metal ions to slide over the other
d) The interaction of electrons with metal ions in the lattice
948. Underlined carbon is 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised in
a) CH3 CH = CH2 b) CH3 CH2 NH2 c) CH3 CONH2 d) CH3 CH2 CN
949. Hydrogen fluoride is a liquid unlike other hydrogen halides because:
a) HF molecules associate due to hydrogen bonding
b) F2 is highly reactive
c) HF is the weakest acid of all hydrogen halides
d) Fluorine atom is the smallest of all halogens
950. The number of sigma (𝜎)and pi (𝜋) covalent bonds respectively in banzenenitrile are
a) 5, 13 b) 15, 3 c) 13, 5 d) 16, 2
951. In which one of the following cases, breaking of covalent bond takes place?
a) Boiling of H2 O b) Melting of KCN c) Boiling of CF4 d) Melting of SiO2
952. Which compound is soluble in water
a) CS2 b) C2 H5 OH c) CCl4 d) CHCl3
953. A π-bond is formed by sideways overlapping of:
a) 𝑠-𝑠 orbitals b) 𝑝-𝑝 orbitals c) 𝑠-𝑝 orbitals d) 𝑠-𝑝-𝑠 orbitals
954. Which statement is true?
a) Absolutely pure water does not contain any ion.
b) Some covalent compounds may also give ions in aqueous solution.
c) In aqueous solution only electrovalent compound give ions.
d) Very sparingly soluble substances do not dissociate in aqueous solution
955. Formation of π-bond:
a) Increases bond length
b) Decreases bond length
c) Distorts the geometry of molecule
d) Makes homoatomic molecules more reactive
956. In which reaction, the hybridisation on the central atom changes from 𝑠𝑝2 to 𝑠𝑝3 ?
a) NH3 + H + ⟶ NH4+ b) BF3 + F − ⟶ BF4− c) H2 0 + H + ⟶ H3 O+ d) C2 H2 + 2H2 ⟶ C2 H6
957. The low solubility of BaSO4 in water is due to:
a) Low dissociation energy
b) Ionic bonds
c) High value of lattice energy
d) None of the above
958. The number of lone pairs of electron on Xe in XeOF4 is:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
959. Which compound does not contain double bond or triple bond?
a) C2 H4 b) H2 O c) N2 d) HCN
960. The compound showing maximum covalent character is:
a) BI3 b) BCl3 c) BF3 d) BBr3
961. Carbon atoms in C2 CN 4 are:
( )
a) 𝑠𝑝-hybridised
b) 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridised
c) 𝑠𝑝- and 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridised
d) 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridised
962. Which statement is wrong?
a) 2nd ionisation energy shows jump in alkali metals
b) 2nd electron affinity for halogens is zero
 c) Maximum electron affinity exists for F
d) Maximum ionization energy exists for He
963. Value of 𝑥 in potash alum,
K 2 SO4 . AI𝑥 (SO4 )3 . 24H2 O is
a) 4 b) 1 c) 2 d) None of these
964. Among the following, the paramagnetic compound is
a) Na2 O2 b) O3 c) N2 O d) KO2
965. HCl molecule in the vapour state is an example of:
a) Non-polar bond b) Ionic bond c) Polar covalent bond d) Pure covalent bond
966. The electrons in an incomplete outershell are known as:
a) Kernel electrons b) Valency electrons c) Shell electrons d) None of the above
967. According to bond order concept the correct order of stability of O2 , O+2 , and O−
2 is
a) O2 > O+ 2 > O −
2 b) O −
2 > O 2 > O+
2 c) O 2 > O −
2 > O +
2 d) O+2 > O2 > O2
−

968. The element which exists in both hard and soft form is:
a) Fe b) Si c) C d) Al
969. Which of the following is not a correct statement?
a) Every AB5 molecule does in fact have square pyramid structure.
b) Multiple bonds are always shorter than corresponding single bonds.
c) The electron-deficient molecules can act as Lewis acids.
d) The canonical structures have no real existence.
970. The bond strength increases:
a) With increasing bond order
b) With increasing extent of overlapping of orbitals
c) With decreasing difference between energies of overlapping orbitals
d) All of the above
971. The number of unpaired electrons in O2 molecule is:
a) Zero b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
972. Which has higher bond energy and stronger bond?
a) F2 b) Cl2 c) Br2 d) I2
973. Which of the following statements regarding carbon monoxide is correct?
a) It involves 𝑠𝑝-orbitals of carbon
b) It contains a lone pair only on carbon
c) It contains a lone pair only on oxygen
d) In carbonyl, oxygen end is attached to the metal atoms
974. Which of the following is having highest bond length?
a) NO− b) NO+ c) CN− d) CN+
975. Which of the following statement is correct for CsBr3 ?
a) It is a covalent compound
b) It contains Cs3+ and Br − ions
c) It contains Cs+ and Br3− ions
d) It contains Cs+ , Br − and lattice Br2 molecule
976. In 1 – butene number of σ - bonds is
a) 8 b) 10 c) 11 d) 12
977. Which does not have pyramidal geometry?
a) SO2−3 b) NO− 3 c) NH3 d) C(C6 H5 )−
3
978. The nature of bonding in CCl4 and CaH2 :
a) Electrovalent in both CCl4 and CaH2
b) Covalent in CCl4 and electrovalent in CaH2
c) Electrovalent in CCl4 and covalent in CaH2
d) None of the above
979. Which of the following oxides is not expected to react with sodium hydroxide?
a) BeO b) B2 O3 c) CaO d) SiO2
1 (b) μcal = 2.0 × 10−10 m × 1.6 × 10−19 C
Molecule Hybridizatio = 3.2 × 10−29 C − m.
n μexp
Percentage of ionic character = × 100
SO3 𝑠𝑝2 μcal

C2 H2 𝑠𝑝 5.12 × 10−29
= × 100 = 16%
C2 H4 𝑠𝑝2 3.2 × 10−29
CH4 𝑠𝑝3 11 (c)
CO2 𝑠𝑝 C2 H4involves𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization on carbon atoms.
2 (b) 12 (b)
Mg 2+ is smaller thanNa+ and thus, smaller is According to molecular orbital theory.
cation more is hydration energy. F2 (18) = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
3 (b) ≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 ,∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥,
2
≈ ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦2
Number of lone pair in XeOF4 is one (1). The 𝑁 𝑁 10−8
Bond order in F2 = 𝑏−2 𝑎 = 2 = 1
structure of XeOF4 is given as follows :
15 (a)
Bond formation is always exothermic. Compounds
of sodium are ionic.
16 (d)
In case of water, five water molecules are
attached together through four hydrogen bonding
17 (b)
Removal of electron is easier in the order of shell
4>3>2>1
18 (c)
Bond order of NO+ , NO and NO− are 3, 2.5 and 2
respectively.
Bond energy ∝ bond order.
19 (a)
FXF angles of two types are present in 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
One π-bond so remaining six electron pairs form hybrid orbitals. Since, SF4 shows 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
an octahedron with one position occupied by a hybridisation as follows, therefore, it exhibits two
lone pair. different FXF angles.
4 (d)
These are the factors on which van der Waals’
forces depend.
5 (b)
It has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 -hybridization with one lone pair on
X𝑒. 20 (c)
6 (b) 𝑠-character ∝ bond angle
1
Bond order ∝ Bond length For 25% 𝑠 character (as in 𝑠𝑝3 hybrid orbital),
bond angle is 109.5°, for 33.3% 𝑠 character (as in
BO of NO<BO of NO+
𝑠𝑝2 hybrid orbital),bond angle is 120° and for
∴ Bond length of NO is greater than the bond
50% 𝑠 character (as in 𝑠𝑝 hybrid orbital ), bond
length of NO+ .
angle is 180°.
7 (b)
Similarly, when the bond angle decreases below
Element with atomic number 20 is metal (Ca); it
1.9.5°,the𝑠 −character will decrease accordingly
will combine with non-metal.
Decreasing in angle = 120° − 109.5° = 10.5°
8 (a)
∴ Decrease in 𝑠-character = 33.3 − 25 = 8.3
A decrease in 𝑠-character increases bond length.
Actual decrease in bond angle = 109.5° − 105° =
10 (b)
4.5°
Calculated dipole moment,
∴ Expected decrease in 𝑠-character
 8.3 29 (c)
= × 4.5 = 3.56%
10.5 Alleneis CH2 = C = CH2 .
Thus, the 𝑠-character should decrease by about 30 (a)
3.56%, 𝑖𝑒, 𝑠-character = 25 − 3.56 = 21.44% Silicate ion (Sio4−4 ) is the basic structural unit of
21 (b) silicates. Silicates are metal derivatives of silicic
B has only six electron in B2 H6 . acid.
22 (a) 31 (a)
Like gets dissolved in like. It is theory. Due to planar equilateral geometry of graphite.
23 (c) 32 (a)
Ionic compounds are good conductor of electricity Due to non-availability of 𝑑-orbitals, boron cannot
in molten or in solution state. However, they are expand its octet. Therefore, the maximum
bad-conductor in solid state. covalence of boron cannot exceed 4.
24 (d) 33 (b)
In benzene 12σ and 3πbonds are present. The Cations are always shorter than their parent
structure of benzene is atom, anion are always larger.
35 (a)
H-bonding is weakest bonding.
36 (a)
5 of P + 24 of O + 3 of –ve charge = 32.
37 (c)
Benzene has 12σ-and 3π-bonds.
38 (c)
PF5 involves𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridization.
39 (b)
I3− ion is made up of an I2 molecule with an I −
25 (c)
bonded to it by means of a coordinate bond in
In CO2− ion the C-atom undergoes𝑠𝑝2 -
3 which I2 is lone pair acceptor (Lewis acid) and I −
hybridisation. It has triangular planar structure.
the lone pair donor (Lewis base). There are two
While BF4− , NH4+ andSO2−
4 have tetrahedral
bond pairs and three lone pairs in the outer shell
structure.
of central atom. To minimize the repulsive forces
26 (d)
the three lone pairs occupy the equatorial
PCl5 has trigonal bipyramid geometry.
position. The ion is therefore, linear in shape with
27 (b)
a bond angle of exactly180°.
SF6 has octahedral geometry, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridisation I
and bond angle is 90°

2 (no.of 𝑑−orbitals)
% of d-character = 6(total hybridised orbitals) ×
100 Similarly, N3− ion is also linear in shape.
= 33% 40 (c)
So, SF6 are bond angle = 90° According to M.O. theory, bond order of
andd-character = 33%. N2 , N2− and N22− are 3, 2.5 and 2 respectively.
28 (a) 41 (b)
Head on overlapping give rise to σ-bond 𝑒.g., BF3 .
formation.
42 (d) Follow Fajans’ rule.
Bond order for H2− = +1/2 58 (b)
43 (b) Removal of two electrons (one by one) from an
𝑠𝑝-hybridization leads to bond angle of 180 ͦ. atom requires energy = IP1 + IP2 .
44 (c) 59 (c)
μ H2 O ≠ 0, μCO2 = 0 The molecular orbital electronic configuration.
∗ ∗
45 (b) (𝜎1𝑠)2 (𝜎 1𝑠)2 (𝜎2𝑠)2 (𝜎 2𝑠)2 (𝜎2𝑝𝑥 )2
1 ∗ ∗
No, of hybrid orbital = 2 [No.of𝑒 − inV-shell of 2 2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )1
(𝜋2𝑝𝑦 ) (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )
atom + No.of monovalent atoms –charge on Total electrons =17
cation +charge on anion] Hence, this configuration belongs to O− −
2 (17𝑒 )
No. of hybrid orbital 2 3 4 5 ion.
6 7 60 (a)
Type of hybridisation𝑠𝑝𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 H3 O+ ∶ 𝑠𝑝3 ; NO− 2
3 ∶ 𝑠𝑝
Hybridisation in TeCl4 : 61 (a)
1
No. of hybrid orbital = 2 [6 + 4 + 0 + 0] = 5 6, 6
3
Hence, TeCl4 shows 𝑠𝑝 𝑑 hybridisation. 62 (a)
46 (a) More is the dipole moment more is ionic nature.
The stability and bond angle order for hybrids in a μ = δ × d; higher is μ, more will be δ on the atom.
group is NH3 > 𝑃H3 > 𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑆𝑏H3 > 𝐵𝑖H3 . 63 (c)
47 (c) Due to 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization.
Isoelectronic species are those species which have 65 (a)
equal number of electrons. Hence, CO2 is Each species has 14 electrons and bond order for
isoelectronic with N2 O. each is three.
Number of electron in CO2 =22 66 (a)
Number of electron in N2 O=22 Among the given choices of compound having
48 (d) oxygen attached to hydrogen will have maximum
In BeCl2 , Be atom has incomplete octet. hydrogen bonding.
49 (a) ∵ Among CH3 OCH3, (CH3 )2 C = O, CH3 CHO and
Greater the charge, smaller the radius, greater the C2 H5 OH only C2 H5 OH has oxygen attached to
polarising power and thus greater the covalent hydrogen atom.
nature. This leads to increase in lattice energy. ∴ C2 H5 OHshows maximum hydrogen bonding.
50 (c) 67 (c)
The structure,CH2 = C = CH2 is non-planar with It is experimental value.
two – CH2 groups being in planes perpendicular 68 (c)
to each other. O2+
2 has 14 electrons. Its electronic configuration
52 (d) is as
+
Electronegativity increases along the period and O2 ∶ 𝜎1𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2
decreases down the group. 𝑁 𝑁 10−4
Bond order = 𝑏−2 𝑎 = 2 = 3
53 (a)
69 (c)
Brass in an alloy.
In diamagnetic molecule, all the electrons are
54 (c)
paired
It is head on overlapping and thus, forms more
70 (a)
stronger bond.
55 (c)
H-bonding in molecule gives rise to increase in its
b.p.
56 (b)
One bonding molecular orbital and one
antibonding.
57 (a)
 78 (c)
N2 Ois isoelectronic with CO2 and N3− .
Hence, its structure is linear.
N−N−O
79 (d)
H atom attached on N, O, F develops hydrogen
bonding molecule.
80 (d)
In CCl4 all bonds of carbon being identical, the
molecule is a regular tetrahedron
81 (c)
Hence, enolic form of acetone contains 9 sigma
In O2− effective nuclear charge is minimum due to
bonds, 1 pi bond and two lone pairs.
more number of electrons and thus the size of O2−
71 (a)
is maximum.
In NO− 3 ion, total number of electrons =
82 (b)
7+24+1=32 and in it central atom is 𝑠𝑝2 hybrid.
𝑉−8𝐵 24−8×3 The zero dipole moment of BF3 molecule is due to
No. of hybrid orbitals = 2 + 𝐵 = 2
+ 3 its symmetrical (triangular planar) structure.
(𝑉 → total number of electrons in valence shell
𝐵 → probability of formation of bond)
In CO2−3 ion, total number of electrons =
6+24+2=32 and in it central atom is 𝑠𝑝2 hybrid.
24−8×3
No. of hybrid orbital= 2
+3=3 84 (b)
Hence, NO−
3 and 2−
CO3 ions are isoelectronic and Bond dissociation energy order:
isostructural. Cl2 > 𝐵r2 > F2 > I2
72 (b) 242.6 192.8 158.8 151.1 in kJ mol−1
H2+ = 𝜎1𝑠 2 (According to molecular orbital 85 (b)
theory) CH3 OHshows H—bonding in liquid state.
Bond order =
bonding electrons−antibonding electrons 86 (b)
2
They have high electron density.
1
= = 0.5 87 (c)
2
H2+ is paramagnetic due to the presence of one A coordinate bond is a dative covalent bond in
unpaired electron. which two atoms form bond and one of them
73 (b) provides both electrons.
H-bonding in molecules gives rise to increase in 𝑋: +𝑌 ⟶ 𝑋: 𝑌or 𝑋 ⟶ 𝑌
b.p. 88 (b)
74 (a) C − Cbond length in 𝑠𝑝2 hybrid molecule is=
Bond distance is in the order : 1.39Å
C−C>𝐶 =𝐶 >𝐶 ≡𝐶 89 (d)
𝑠𝑝3 > 𝑠𝑝2 > 𝑠𝑝 More is electronegativity differences, more is
75 (a) ionic character.
% ionic character = 16(𝑥𝐴 − 𝑥𝐵 ) + 3.5(𝑥𝐴 − 𝑥𝐵 ) 2 90 (a)
= 16 × 2 + 3.5 × (22 ) Cation are always smaller than their parent
= 46 atoms:
∴ The % covalent character = 100 − 46 = 54 Al3+ < 𝐴l2+ < 𝐴l+ < 𝐴𝑙.
76 (d) 91 (a)
ICl− 3 We know that the C − C bond length = 1.54 A, C
2 has𝑠𝑝 𝑑-hybridized state (𝑖. 𝑒., trigonal
bipyramidal shape but distorted due to the =C bond length = 1.34 A and C ≡ C bond length
presence of lone pair of electron on I atom.) = 1.20 A. Since propyne has triple bond;
77 (a) therefore, it has minimum bond length.
Like gets dissolved in like. 92 (c)
 Ionic compounds conduct current in molten state. molecular orbital.
93 (d) 104 (d)
Metals are good conductor of electricity because PCl3 < 𝑃𝐵r3 < 𝑃I3 , the bond angle order is
they contain free electrons. explained in terms of increasing electronegativity
94 (d) of halogens, whereas, PF3 > 𝑃𝐶l3 , bond angle
OSF2 has pyramidal shape order is explained in terms of pπ - dπ bonding in
PF3 .
105 (c)
μ experimental = Dipole moment × 10−18
μ theoretical = Bond length × 4.8 × 10−10 esu
× cm
μexperimental
95 (d) Percentage ionic character = × 100
μtheoretical
Non-polar species exert van der Waals’ forces
among themselves.
96 (b)
1.0 × 10−18 × 100
It has 3σ-and 1π-bond. =
97 (c) 1.25 × 4.8 × 10−10 × 10−8
= 16.66%
Cl− has1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 configuration.
106 (d)
98 (c)
CCl4does not exhibit dipole moment due to its
Per cent ionic character is given by % of ionic
symmetrical structure.
character.
Cl
= 16(𝑋𝐴 − 𝑋𝐵 ) + 3.5(𝑋𝐴 − 𝑋𝐵 )2
|
From the above relation, it is clear that as soon as
Cl − C − Cl
(𝑋𝐴 − 𝑋𝐵 )increases, % ionic character will also
|
increase.
Cl
Therefore, curve C shows a correct path.
107 (a)
99 (d)
N2 molecule has 14 electrons. The molecular
7Cl=1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 , 3𝑝𝑥2 , 3𝑝𝑦2 , 3𝑝𝑧1
orbital electronic configuration of the molecule is
Cl=1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠1 , 3𝑝𝑥1 , 3𝑝𝑦1 , 3𝑝𝑧1 , 3𝑑1 , 3𝑑1 3𝑑1 as
(3rd excited state) N2 : 𝐾𝐾(𝜎2𝑠)2 ( ∗𝜎 2𝑠)2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑥 )2
Chlorine atom, in its third excited state, reacts 2
= (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 ) (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )2
with fluorine to form ClF7 . Its shape is pentagonal
N2− ion is formed when N2 accept an electron
bipyramidal.
hence it has15 electrons. The molecular orbital
100 (c)
electronic configuration of the molecule is as
Anion (O− ) repels the test electron because of 2
same charge. N2− : 𝐾𝐾(𝜎2𝑠)2 ( ∗𝜎 2𝑠)2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑥 )2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )
101 (c) (𝜎2𝑝𝑧 )2 ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥 )1
Cl in ClF3 has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridization Hence, this electron goes to antibonding 𝜋
molecular orbital.
108 (b)
The size of isoelectronic decreases with increase
in atomic number.
109 (a)
The bond orders for H2 , H2+ , He2 and He+ 2 are 1.0,
0.5, 0.0 and 0.5 respectively.
and possesses two axial Cl— F bonds and one 110 (b)
equatorial bond. Two lone pairs are at equatorial N atom has smallest radius.
position give rise to bent ‘T’ shape to ClF3 . 111 (d)
103 (c) The order of screening effect for a given shell
−
O2 has one unpaired electron in its antibonding electrons is 𝑠 > 𝑝 > 𝑑 > 𝑓.
112 (a)
The stability of hydrides decreases down the gp,
𝑖. 𝑒., from NH3 to BiH3 which can be observed
from their bond dissociation enthalpy. The correct
order is
NH3 < 𝑃H3 < 𝐴𝑠H3 < 𝑆𝑏H3 < 𝐵𝑖H3
Property NH3 PH3 AsH3 SbH3 BiH3
∆diss 𝐻− (𝐸 − 𝐻)/kJ mol−1 389 322 297 255 −
113 (a)
SF4 has𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 -hybridization and see-saw
geometry.
114 (a)
Due to presence of intermolecular hydrogen
bonding in H2 O, its molecules are associated with
each other which results unusual high boiling
point of water.
115 (c)
Larger is anion, more is covalent character.
116 (a)
Molecular orbital configuration of,
O2−2
= σ1𝑠 2 , σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ∗ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝2 , π2𝑝𝑥2 , π2𝑝𝑦2 , π∗ 2𝑝𝑧2 , π∗ 2𝑝𝑦2
117 (a)
Valencies of X, Y and Z is +2, +2 and -2
respectively so, they will form a compound having
of formula 𝑋𝑌𝑍2 .
118 (a)
The molecule in which the bond dipoles of all the
120 (c)
bonds are cancel out by each other, is called non –
Methyl group has +𝐼 effect and−NO2 group
polar e.g., CCl4.
has−𝐼 effect. Therefore, in p-nitro toluene the
InCCl4, there is a large difference between the
dipole moments of – CH3 and−NO2 groups act in
electronegativities of C and Cl but all the four C −
the same direction. So, the resultant dipole
Cl bond dipoles cancel each other , hence it is a
moment is additive.
non-polar molecule.
i.e., 3.93+0.43=4.36 debye

119 (c)
Tetrahedral structure is associated with 𝑠𝑝3 121 (a)
hybridised central atom without any lone pair. The tendency to show lower ionic state increases
The structure of all the compounds given are as down the group due to inert pair effect.
follows : 122 (b)
CH ≡ C − CH2 − CH3
𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝3
In butyne – 1, there is no carbon with 𝑠𝑝2
hybridisation.
123 (b) 132 (d)
2 Paramagnetic species have unpaired electrons
𝜋2𝑝 𝑦
NO+ : σ1𝑠 2 , σ𝑥 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ𝑥 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝𝑥2 [ ] B. O.
𝜋2𝜋𝑧2 133 (c)
10 − 4 N in it has three σ-bonds and one lone pair of
= =3
2 electron.
134 (a)
CN − : Electron deficient species can accept lone pair of
2
𝜋2𝑝 𝑦 electron and thus, act as Lewis acid.
σ1𝑠 2 , σ𝑥 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ𝑥 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝x2 [ ] B. O. =
𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 135 (a)
10−4 NH3 has pyramidal shape and thus, possesses
=3
2
three folds axis of symmetry.
124 (c)
136 (d)
Electron affinity order for halogens is Cl > 𝐹 >
ICl− 3
2 has𝑠𝑝 𝑑-hybridization and has two bond
𝐵𝑟 > 𝐼.
pairs and three lone pairs of electrons.
125 (d)
137 (a)
Sulphur trioxide has no S − S linkage. It has
The dipole moment of a polar molecule depends
triangular planar geometry.
upon its geometry. A symmetrical molecule is
non-polar even though it contain polar bonds.
Methane molecule (CH4 ) has zero moment value
of dipole moment due to its symmetrical
structure.
In CHCl3, the resultant of C – H and C – Cl dipole
oppose the resultant of two C – Cl dipoles while in
127 (d)
CH2 Cl2 , the resultant of C – H dipoles adds to
All molecules or ions 𝑖. 𝑒.,
+ resultant of two C – Cl. In case CH3 Cl, the resultant
H2 O, NH4, SO2− −
4 , ClO4 , and NH3 are involved in 𝑠𝑝
3
of two C – H dipole adds to the resultant of two C
hybridisation in their formation.
– Cl. In case CH3 Cl the resultant of two C – H
129 (b)
dipoles add to the resultant of C – H and C – Cl
𝑝-orbitals always show lateral overlapping.
dipoles.
130 (a)
Thus dipole moment of CH3 Cl is highest among
SF6 does not obey octet rule as in it S-atom has 12
the given compounds. The molecule (CCl4) again
electrons in its valence shell.
becomes symmetrical and dipole moment reduces
to zero.
138 (c)
S in SCl4 is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridized and possesses see-
saw structure whereas SiCl4 is tetrahedral.

131 (b)
The structure of peroxodisulphuric acid (H2 S2 O8 )
is
139 (c)
Oxygen cannot expand its octet due to absence of
𝑑-orbitals in its valence shell.
142 (a)
Geometry is explained by taking an account of
single bonds only. However, presence of double
Hence, it contains 11σand 4π-bonds. bond may distort bond angles, 𝑒.g., HCHO has 𝑠𝑝2 -
 hybridization but angle H—C—H is 116 and covalent bonding.
angle H—C—O is 122 due to double bond. In 159 (b)
BF3 (𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization) each angle is of 120. SF4 has𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridized sulphur atom.
143 (d) 160 (c)
The shape of carbon dioxide is linear because it SbCl2− 3 2
5 has𝑠𝑝 𝑑 –and rest all has 𝑠𝑝 𝑑-
3

has 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation and bond angle 180°. hybridisation.

O = C=O 161 (d)
144 (a) Size of anions is larger than their parent atoms.
Addition of electrons to an atom results an Also more is ENC lesser is size.
increase in its size. 162 (d)
𝐼𝐸1
145 (d) ∶ 3𝑠 2 , 4𝑠 2 → 3𝑑2 , 4𝑠1
22 Ti
H2 Ois V shaped. 𝐼𝐸1
23 V ∶ 3𝑑3 , 4𝑠 2 → 3𝑑3 , 4𝑠1
146 (c)
In diethyl ether oxygen undergoes 𝑠𝑝3
hybridisation forming four 𝑠𝑝3 hybrid orbitals. 𝐼𝐸1
147 (a) 25 Mn ∶ 3𝑑5 , 4𝑠 2 → 3𝑑5 , 4𝑠1
As soon as the electronegativity increases, ionic 164 (a)
bond strength increases C – Cl bond is more ionic than C – I bond because
148 (a) of the greater difference in electronegativities of C
Both are linear. and Cl as compared to that of carbon and iodine.
149 (c) Therefore, C – Cl bond is stronger than C – I bond.
Inspite of three polar bond, the lone pair of 165 (c)
electron on N atom decreases the dipole moment Cl is more electronegative than I.
of NF3 than NH3 . 166 (b)
150 (c) The solubility of a compound depends upon its
Polarity in a molecule gives rise to an increase in hydration enthalpy. If hydration enthalpy exceeds
forces of attractions among molecules and thus, the lattice enthalpy than it is soluble in water. For
more becomes boiling point. Ag 2 SO4, hydration enthalpy is lower than lattice
152 (a) enthalpy, so it is insoluble in water.
The melting point of naphthalene is minimum 167 (c)
because it is non – polar covalent compound and Silicon has the tendency to show covalent
has less melting point. bonding because of higher IP values.
153 (c) 168 (c)
BF3 is a electron deficient compound. So, it has no In SnCl2 , Sn has 𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation and hence, has
lone pair orbital over B atom. angular shape
154 (c) 169 (c)
Molecular orbital theory was given by Mulliken. The inert gas just after chlorine is argon.
155 (d) 170 (d)
The trigonal geometry of 𝐵𝐹3 with three vectors The 𝑑-orbital involved in 𝑠𝑝3 d -hybridization is
(B → F) acting at 120 leads to zero dipole 𝑑𝑧𝑥 .
moment. In NH3 three vectors (N ← H) act as
107 along with one lone pair giving dipole 171 (d)
moment in molecule. O2 = σ1𝑠 2 ∗ 2
σ 1𝑠 σ2𝑠
2 ∗ 2 2
σ 2𝑠 σ2𝑝𝑧 π2𝑝𝑥
2

156 (d) = π2𝑝𝑦2 ∗π 2𝑝𝑥′ = ∗π 2𝑝𝑦′

Proton (H + ) can only accept a lone pair from In O+
2 , one electron is removed from Na
donor atom. BO for O2 = 2 and for O+ 2 =2.5
157 (d) Therefore, paramagnetism decreases, BO
Each has 10 electrons increases.
158 (d) 172 (b)
Isomerism is arised due to directional nature of Intramolecular H-bonding is present in 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜
 nitrophenol. correct statement.
174 (c)
According to valence shell electron pair repulsion 2. Alkyl halides have lower boiling point
(VSEPR) theory, the order of repulsive than alcohols because alcohols have
interactions between various electron is stronger forces of attraction between the
𝑙𝑝 − 𝑙𝑝 > 𝑙𝑝 − 𝑏𝑝 > 𝑏𝑝 − 𝑏𝑝 hydrogen bonds as compared to weaker
175 (b) van der Waals’ forces between molecules
In like atoms, electronegativity difference is zero. of alkyl halide.
176 (d) ∴ Statement (d) is false.
BCl3 has bond angle equal to 120° (trigonal
planar). NH3 and H2 O have 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation but 187 (a)
due to the presence of lone pair of electrons, they 𝑛 2 𝑎0
Ionic radii= 𝑍eff
have bond angle less than 109.28′ (NH3 −
107°, H2 O − 104.5°), AsH3 (𝑠𝑝3 hybrid) has 188 (c)
Only those atomic orbitals combine, that have
smaller bond angle than NH3 due to less
nearly equal energy
electronegativity of As than N.
189 (b)
177 (d)
 order is Mg > 𝐹𝑒 > 𝐶𝑢; more is 𝐸  , more is The stability of the ionic bond depends upon the
𝐸𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑝
lattice energy which is expected to be more
electropositive character.
between Mg and F due to +2 charge on Mg atom
178 (c)
190 (a)
O atom possesses two lone pair of electrons.
Smaller is anion, lesser is its polarization.
179 (a)
191 (b)
M.O. configuration of O+ 2 is:
σ1s2 σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ∗ 2𝑠 2 σ2𝑝2 , π2𝑝𝑦2 π2𝑝𝑦2 π∗ 2𝑝𝑥1
1 5
Bond order of O+
2 = 2 [6 − 1] = 2
M.O. configuration of N2+ is:
σ1𝑠 2 σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 σ∗ 2𝑠 2 , π2𝑝𝑦2 π2𝑝𝑦2 σ2𝑝1
1 5
Bond order of N2+ = 2 [5 − 0] = 2
Boron has planar structure due to 𝑠𝑝2
180 (c) hybridisation.
No scope for addition in completely filled valence 192 (c)
orbitals of inert gases. 3. NO− (16). According to MOT.
181 (b)
SeF4 has distorted tetrahedral geometry while, 𝜋𝑝2𝑦
{
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 2 𝜋2𝑝2 𝑧,
CH4 has tetrahedral geometry 𝜎1𝑠 , 𝜎 1𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑠 , 𝜎 2𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥 , ∗ 2𝑝1
𝜋 𝑦
Speed of electron ≠ speed of light { ∗ 2𝑝1 ,
𝜋 𝑧
182 (c) Bond order =
bonding electrons−antibonding electrons
2
Butadiene is CH2 = CH— CH = CH2 .
10 − 6
183 (b) = =2
2
37 is atomic number of Rb the electropositive 4. NO+ (14).
element and 53 is atomic number of iodine (the
electronegative element). 𝜋2𝑝2
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2 , { 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 ,
184 (c) 10−4
𝑧

In methane bond angle is 109°28′. Methane Bond order = = 2 = 3

molecule is tetrahedral in structure. 5. NO (15)
185 (b)
𝜋2𝑝2 𝑦
Csis metal and solid. {
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 2 𝜋2𝑝2 𝑧,
186 (d) 𝜎1𝑠 , 𝜎 1𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑠 , 𝜎 2𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥 , ∗ 2𝑝1
𝜋 𝑦
{ ∗ 2𝑝0
1. Glycerol has strong hydrogen bonding due 𝜋 𝑧
10−5
to presence of 3 – OH groups in it. It is Bond order = = = 2.5
2
 (iv)NO2+ (13). valency is 2
2
𝜎1𝑠 ,2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 2 𝜋2𝑝𝑦 Element
𝜎 1𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑠 , 𝜎 2𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥 , { 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 ,
9−4
Bond order = = 2
= 2.5
2− (17)
6. NO
Valency
𝜋2𝑝2𝑦
{
𝜋2𝑝2
Formula of the compound = 𝐴2 𝐵3
𝑧,
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2 , ∗ 2𝑝2
{ 201 (c)
𝜋 𝑦
∗ 2𝑝1
𝜋 𝑧
10−7 A reason for the given fact.
Bond order = = 2 = 1.5 202 (c)
The order of bond order is In NH3 , 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization is present but bond
2− − 2+ +
NO < 𝑁O < 𝑁O ≈ NO < NO angle is 106°45′ because nitrogen has lone pair of
193 (d) electrons, according to VSEPR theory due to 𝑏𝑝-
Clis more electronegative than Br. and 𝑙𝑝 repulsion, bond angle decreases from
194 (c) 109°28′ to 106°45′
Boron in [BF4 ]− has regular tetrahedral geometry 203 (b)
because of 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization on boron atom. ClO−4 and XeO3 both contain 3𝑑π − 𝑝π bonds
195 (d)
Usually symmetrical molecules have less dipole
moment in comparison to unsymmetrical
molecules.

204 (c)
Spec Structure 𝑙𝑝 𝑏𝑝 VSE Bond
ies PR angle
Hence, (m-nitroaniline) has the 2 2 𝑙𝑝 90°
H2 S 1 3 − 𝑙𝑝 107°
highest dipole moment among the given.
0 3 𝑙𝑝 120°
196 (a) 0 4 − 𝑏𝑝 109°28′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′
Thus, excitation of 2𝑠-electron in N is not possible. NH3 𝑏𝑝
197 (b) − 𝑏𝑝
PF5 has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridization (trigonal bipyramid);
BrF5 has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridization (square pyramidal) BF3 𝑙𝑝
198 (d) − 𝑏𝑝
SiH4 𝑏𝑝
In NH3 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation is present but its shape
− 𝑏𝑝
becomes pyramidal due to the presence of one
lone pair of electron. 𝑏𝑝
− 𝑏𝑝

𝑏𝑝
199 (d) − 𝑏𝑝
Higher the lattice energy lower the solubility. Out
of the four combinations possible, the lattice Thus, bond angle H2 S < 𝑁H3 < 𝑆𝑖H4 < 𝐵F3 .
energy of MgS (bi-bivalent ionic solid) is higher 205 (d)
than those of Na2 S, MgCl2 (uni-bivalent or biuni- The pyramidal structure of covalent molecule 𝐴𝐵3
valent ionic solids ) and NaCl (uni-univalent ionic is as :
solids) and hence, MgS is the least soluble.
200 (b)
Athree electrons in its outermost orbit, its valency
is 3. B has six electrons in its outermost orbit, its
 π2𝑝𝑦1
B2 ∶ σ1𝑠 2 , σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ∗ 2𝑠 2 [ ]
π2𝑝𝑧1
6−4
B.O. = 2
=1
216 (c)
In the formation of 𝑋𝑒𝐹6 molecule, three 5 p
No. of lone pair = 1 electrons are promoted to 5dorbitals. Now, one
No. of bond pair =3 5s, three 5p and three 5d-orbitals of Xe atom
207 (d) intermix together and form seven 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 hybrid
𝑑 2 𝑠𝑝3 -leads to octahedral geometry. orbitals. One 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 hybrid orbital contains one
209 (a) lone pair of electrons while other six are half-
A molecule is said to possess a three-fold axis of filled. The expected geometry is pentagonal
symmetry if on rotation around this axis through bipyramidal.
an angle of 360/3, 𝑖𝑒, 120°,gives the same
arrangement of atoms. Since NH3 has a pyramidal
geometry, therefore, it has a three fold axis of
symmetry
210 (a)
Proton number does not change in ion formation,
though number of electrons and size change
during this.
211 (d)
Valence bond theory (Resonance theory) of
metallic bond was given by Pauling (1937).
According to this theory, the metallic bonding is
217 (a)
essentially covalent in origin and metallic
CaC2 ⇌ Ca2+ + C22−
structure exhibits resonance of electro-pair bonds
Carbide ion
between each atom and its nearest neighbours. In
In carbide ion, two carbon atoms are joined by
other words, there is a resonance of a large
triple bond
number of canonical forms.
(If is isoelectronic with N2 )
212 (c)
−C ≡ C −
Notice configuration of N + , C + , O+ and F +.
with two π and one σ-bonds.
213 (b)
218 (b)
ClF3 has𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation. Out of five 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
H2 Ohas𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization.
hybrid orbitals two are completely filled by 𝑙𝑝and
219 (c)
three are half filled which overlap with
𝑒. g. , BF3 , a non-polar molecule having 𝑠𝑝2 -
three2𝑝𝑧 half filled orbitals of three F-atoms. Due
hybridization.
to the presence of two 𝑙𝑝𝑠its geometry is bent 𝑇-
220 (b)
shaped.
When there is less difference in
electronegativities of two atoms (but
electronegativities are not same) and large
difference in their size, polar covalent bond forms.
H and Br : Small difference in electronegativities
and large difference in size. Hence, form polar
214 (d)
covalent bond.
These are characteristics of resonance.
Na and Br : large difference in electronegativities,
215 (c)
2 ∗ 2 hence electrovalent bond is formed.
2 π2𝑝𝑦 π 2𝑝𝑦
O2−
2 ∶ σ1𝑠 2 ∗
, σ 1𝑠 2
, σ2𝑠 2 ∗
σ 2𝑠 2
σ2𝑝 [ ] 221 (b)
π2𝑝𝑧2 π∗ 2𝑝𝑧2
10−8 The bond order for O2− − +
2 , O2 , O2 , O2 are 1.0, 1.5,
B.O. = =1
2 2.0, 2.5 respectively. Higher is bond order, more is
bond energy.
222 (c) Ionic radius : Na+ > 𝑀g 2+ > 𝐴l3+
In XeF4 , the central atom, Xe, has eight electrons 237 (c)
in its outermost shell. Out of these four are used 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene shows the highest boiling
for forming four σ-bonds with F and four remain point among given compounds because it forms
as lone pairs. strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (It does
∴ XeF4 ⟹ 4 σ bonds + 2 lone pairs not form intermolecular H-bonding.)
3 2
⟹ 6 bybridised orbitals, 𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑠𝑝 𝑑 hybridisation
Since, two lone pairs of electrons are present, the
geometry of XeF4 becomes square planar from
octahedral.

Order of H-bonding in 𝑜, 𝑚 and 𝑝-isomers of a

compound is given below
Intermolecular H-bonding, 𝑜 < 𝑚 < 𝑝-isomers
intermolecular H-bonding
223 (b) 𝑜 > 𝑚 > 𝑝isomers.
1
Bond order = [no. of bonding electrons−no. of Hydroxy benzene do not form a chain of H-
2
antibonding electrons] bonding . Hence, intermolecular H-bond is
224 (c) stronger than intermolecular H-bonds, so the
H-bonding is noticed in molecules having H atom stability of 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene is highest.
attached on N, O or F. Hence its boiling point is highest. The increasing
225 (d) order of the boiling points of the given compound
Fis more electronegative. is
226 (a) IV < 𝐼 < 𝐼I < 𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑠-orbitals always lead head on overlapping. 238 (d)
228 (a) Molecules in trans-1, 2-dichloroethene are
According to molecular orbital theory ,𝜋-bonding symmetrical hence, no dipole moment.
orbital are ungerade. 239 (b)
229 (c) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 -hybridization leads to octahedral
Basic character of hydrides is NH3 > 𝑃H3 . geometry.
230 (b) 240 (c)
CO2 has𝑠𝑝-hybridization. In BF3 ,boron is 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised, so its all atoms are
231 (a) coplanar
Bond angles decrease on moving down the group 241 (c)
for similar compounds, 𝑖. 𝑒., NH3 > 𝑃H3 > Since, the geometry of AsF5 molecule is
𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑆𝑏H3 . trigonalbipyramidal, it is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridised. Thus,
232 (a) s,𝑝𝑥 , 𝑝𝑦 , 𝑝𝑧 and 𝑑𝑧2 orbitals are utilised by As
Ionic compounds break into their constituent ions atom from bonding.
when dissolved in water. 242 (c)
Carnallite is double salt having composition, Molecular orbital configuration of N2+ is
2
KCl. MgCl2 . 6H2 O. It gives K + , Cl− and Mg2+ions N2+ = (𝜎1𝑠)2 ( ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2
𝜎 1𝑠) (𝜎2𝑠) ( 𝜎 2𝑠) (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )
when dissolved in water. = (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )2 (𝜎2𝑝𝑥 )1
234 (d) Bond order =
𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎
=
9−4
= 2.5
2 2
An increase in 𝑠-character give rise to an increase
243 (a)
in bond strength.
Structure of C2 H2 is linear.
235 (a)
H−C ≡C− H
In rest all dipole-dipole forces also exist.
Structure of CO2 is also linear
236 (c)
O=C=O
Among the isoelectronic species smaller is +ve
So, both are isostructural species.
charge, larger is ionic radius, 𝑒.g.,
244 (c)
 In 𝑜-dichlorobenzene, α= 60 Cs +is largest cation and F − is smallest anion.
cos α = +ve 256 (b)
Charge of 𝑒 − = 1.6 × 10−19
μ = √μ12 + μ22 + 2μ1 μ2 cos α
Dipole moment of HBr = 1.6 × 10−30
245 (c) Inter-atomic spacing = 1 Å
Multiplicity of bonds gives higher bond energy. = 1 × 10−10 m
246 (d) Percentage of ionic character in HBr
Bond order of oxygen molecule = 2 Dipole moment of HBr × 100
Bond order of oxygen molecule ion = 2.5 =
inter spacing distance × 𝑞
Bond order of superoxide ion (O− 2 ) = 1.5 1.6 × 10−30
Bond order of peroxide ion (O2− = × 100
2 )=1 1.6 × 10−19 × 10−10
Hence, the order of bond strength is as = 10−30 × 1029 × 100
O+ −
2 > O2 > O2 > O2
2−
= 10−1 × 100
247 (c) = 0.1 × 100
Electronic configuration of Xe in ground state = 10%
257 (b)
Lower 𝐼𝐸, more 𝐸𝐴 and high lattice energy are
Electronic configuration of Xe in excited state required conditions for ionic bonding.
258 (d)
Ionisation potential increases along the period.
Electronic configuration of Xe in XeF4 259 (b)
More is 𝑠-character, smaller is hybridized orbital,
more becomes tendency for overlapping, more is
bond energy, lesser is bond length.
260 (c)
Note The expected geometry of XeF4 is
Larger is the difference in electronegativities of
octahedral. On account of the fact that lp-
two atom, more is polar character in bond.
lprepulsion >lp-bp repulsion, there is some
261 (a)
distortion octahedral geometry with two lone pair
The molecules having no difference in
of electrons. In other words, it has a square planar
geometry. electronegativity of bonded atoms are non-polar
in nature. They are molecules having same atoms.
248 (b)
1 ∴ Among HCl, HF,HBr and H2 . H2 is non-polar
Li2 : 𝐾𝐾(𝜎2𝑠)2 , BO = (2 − 0) = 1 molecule.
2
Hence, structure of Li2 is [Li – Li]. 262 (b)
250 (b) In SO2 molecule, S is 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridised.
More directionally concentrated orbitals show S(16) = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 , 3𝑝4
more overlapping.
251 (d)
It is the hybridization of ICl+
2.
252 (b)
𝑜−, 𝑚−, 𝑝-derivatives has ⍺= 60 , 120 and 180
and thus, resultant vector has zero dipole moment
in 𝑝-derivative. Also dipole moment of 𝑚-
dichlorobenzene is more than toluene.
253 (a)
Covalent character 𝛼 charge of cation
254 (c) 263 (b)
Carbon cannot accept 6Cl− , since it has no vacant The size of isoelectronic species increases with
𝑑-orbitals. decrease in effective nuclear charge.
255 (b) 264 (d)
 Bond order for He2 is zero. ∵ Both have linear structure.
265 (b)
CsFis ionic compound. ∴ They have same structure.
266 (a)
Isoelectronic species have same number of 271 (d)
electrons Covalent union between two unlike atoms gives
267 (d) rise to the formation of a polar covalent bond in
Ionic character= 16(𝐸𝐴 − 𝐸𝐵 ) + 3.5(𝐸𝐴 − 𝐸𝐵 )2 which shared pair of electron shifted towards
= 16(4 − 1.2) + 3.5(4 − 1.2)2 more electronegative atom. This gives rise to
= 72.24% equal but opposite partial charges on two ends.
268 (d) HCl shows polar covalent bond.
During the formation of chemical bond energy 272 (b)
decreases Rest all either has incomplete (BF3 , BeF2 ) octer or
269 (b) expanded octet (ClO2 ).
K 4 Fe(CN)6 ⟶ 4K + + Fe(CN)4−6 . 274 (d)
270 (c) CO, CN − and NO+ all the three species have 14
7. CF4 , SF4 electrons.
According to MOT
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 )
10−4
Bond order = 2
=3
Similarly bond order for O+ 2 = 2.5
275 (a)
XeF2 molecule contains two bond pairs and three
lone pairs in the outer-shell of central atom and
∴ Both have different structure. thus its hybridisation is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 but to minimise the
repulsive forces the three lone pairs occupy the
8. BF3 , PCl3 equatorial position and the molecule becomes
linear shape.

∴ Both have different structure.

9. XeF2 , CO2
276 (c)
Species having the same number of electron, have
same bond order.
Species Number of
electrons
CN − 6+7+1=14
O−2 8+8+1=17
∴ Both have different structure. NO+ 7+8-1=14
CN − 6+7-1=12
10. PF5 , IF7
Since, CN − and NO+ have same number of
electrons, they have same bond order, 𝑖. 𝑒., 3.
CN − or NO+ = 14=
𝜎1𝑠 , 𝜎 1𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑠 , 𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 ≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦,
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2
 𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎 (a) CH4 ⟶ CH3 − CH3
Bond order = 2
10 − 4 4 bp + 0 lp 4bp4bp
= = 3. Hybridisation𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝3 3 3
2
Structure tetrahedral tetrahedral
277 (c) (b)NH3 ⟶ NH4+
3bp+ 1lp 4bp
3 3
Hybridisation𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝
Structure pyramidal tetrahedral
In water molecule the H − O − H bond angle is (c)BF3 ⟶ BF4−
104.5° and dipole moment is 1.84 D. 3bp 4bp
The bond angle of H2 O is lower than 109.28′′ due Hybridisation𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝3
to the presence of two lone pair of electrons on Structure trigonaltetrahedral
the oxygen atom. planar
278 (d) (d)H2 O ⟶ H3 O+
Follow text. 2bp+ 2lp 3bp+ 1lp
3 3
279 (a) Hybridisation𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝
𝑅CH2 NHCH3shows the hydrogen bonding, since H Structure angularpyramidal
is attached to N atom. Thus conversion of BF3 into BF4− involves change
280 (c) in both hybridisation and shape.
Clatom has 17 electrons, Cl− ion has 18 electrons. 287 (a)
281 (a) In O2 molecule, the total number of electrons = 16
High boiling point. of water is due to dipole-dipole Electronic distribution in molecular orbital of
interaction. O2
282 (d) = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 )
Ionisation enthalpy increases along the period , ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦1 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑧1 )
and decreases down the group. 1 1
Bond order in O2 = [𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎 ] = [10 − 6] = 2.0
283 (b) +
2 2
In O2 =𝜎1𝑠 , 𝜎 1𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑠 , 𝜎 2𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2
The jump in IP values exist in IP5 and thus,
removal of fifth electron occurs from inner shell. (𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 ), ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦1 )
𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎 10−5
Thus, element contains four electrons in its Bond order in O+ 2 = = = 2.5
2 2
valency shell. 288 (a)
284 (a) Percentage ionic character
Paramagnetic species has unpaired electron. experimental value of DM
B2 = 5 + 5 = × 100
theoretical value of DM
= 10 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥1 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑦1 1.03
= × 100 = 17%
C2 = 6 + 6 = 12 6.12
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 289 (b)
Electron affinity decreases down the group, but
N2 = 7 + 7 = 14
‘O’ has small atomic size and 2𝑝-orbital becomes
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2, 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
very compact and already has 6 electrons, hence,
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2
there is a repulsive force among the already
F2 = 9 + 9 = 18
present and added electrons. Some of the energy
= 𝜎1𝑠 2, ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2, ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
evolved, due to addition of electron, is used to
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦2
reduce the repulsion. Hence, the E.A. of O is less
∴ B2 is paramagnetic because it has unpaired than S, so the order is S > 𝑂 > 𝑆𝑒.
electron. 290 (a)
285 (a) A 𝜋-bond has a nodal plane passing through the
Na ⟶ Na+ +e; 𝐼𝐸 of Na = +ve two bonded nuclei, 𝑖. 𝑒., molecular plane.
Na+ + 𝑒 ⟶ Na; 𝐸𝐴 of Na+ =-ve
Both are equal but opposite in nature.
286 (c)
 299 (c)
Stronger is metallic bonding (Fe has 𝑑-subshell),
more is hardness.
300 (d)
291 (c) Compound Bond angle
Electronegativity of elements increases along the NH3 107°
period and decreases down the group. PCl3 93°
292 (b) BCl3 120°
In CO2 , C-atom is 𝑠𝑝-hybridised, thus it has linear 301 (d)
structure. In XeF2 , Xe is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridised with In propyne there are 2 π − bonds and six sigma
three lone-pairs of electrons on equatorial bonds.
position. This minimises repulsion, hence it has CH3 C ≡ CH
also linear structure. 302 (a)
293 (b) Like atoms results in covalent bonding leading to
Structure of CO2 is linear due to 𝑠𝑝-hybridisation. the formation of non-polar bond, 𝑒. g. , H—Hor H2 .
(𝑠𝑝) 303 (c)
O=C=O OO
294 (a) ||||
Higher the bond order short the bond length O2+ 2 CH3 − C − OHCH3 − C − NH2
has the shortest the bond length (BO=3) 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2
Bond order of remaining species are :
O+ − 2−
2 (2.5), O2 (1.5)andO2 (1) OH
295 (b) |||
11. The first bond between any two atoms is σ CH3 − C − OHCH3 − C − CH2
and rest areπ bonds. |𝑠𝑝2
H
12. πbond is formed by sideways overlapping 𝑠𝑝2
of unhybridised 𝑝-orbital.

304 (d)

all carbon atoms are

2
𝑠𝑝 hybridised chloroethene
CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2
Each carbon has 3σ and 1 π-bond.
CH2 = CH − CH = CH − CH = CH2
∴ All carbon atoms of C6 H6 are𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2
hybridised. 1, 3, 5-hexatriene
305 (d)
296 (d) If the lattice energy < hydration energy, then only
Nearer to 25%, the angle is 10928′ for 𝑠𝑝3 - ionic compounds are soluble.
hybridization. 306 (c)
297 (c) BCl3 has equilateral triangular shape leading to
+ −
KHF2 ⟶ K + HF2 . vector sum of polar bonds to zero.
298 (c) 307 (d)
Intramolecular H—bonding in salicyl aldehyde Hybride : H2 O H2 S H2 Se H2 Te
prevents its test with FeCl3 (𝑎𝑞). Bond angle : 104° 92° 91° 90°
 In all of the given species central atom is 𝑠𝑝3 difficult is removal of electron.
hybridised. They have angular shape due to the 319 (b)
presence of two lone pair of electron. The bond Bond angle depends on the structure of molecule.
angle decreases with decrease in electronegativity If two molecules have same structure, then bond
thereforeH2 Te shows minimum bond angle. angle is decided by the electronegativity of central
308 (d) atom. Electrongeativity of central atom ∝ bond
1 angle.
Lattice energy ∝ charge of ions ∝ size of ions
The bond angle of H2 S is less than H2 O because S
309 (b)
is less electronegativethan H2 O.
He+ −
2 , H2 have 3 electrons, one must be unpaired.
Hence, H2 O > H2 S
H2+ has one unpaired electron. H2 has two (paired)
(104.5°) (92.2°)
electrons.
Further the BeCl2 has linear structure, hence its
310 (c)
bond angle is 180°. The N2 O molecule also has
Among the given, only CH3 OH and
linear structure with bond angle 180°.
CH3 NH2 are able to form H-bonds but H-bonding
in CH3 OH due to high electronegativity of O-atom
is strong. Hence, CH3 OH has the highest boiling
point.
311 (a)
320 (a)
S has 6 electrons in its the valence shell and it
shares 6 electrons with 6 fluorine atoms.
∴ In SF6 , S has 12 electrons in its valence shell

In NF3 N-atoms is 𝑠𝑝3 -hybride, but due to

presence of a lone pair of electron, NF3 has
pyramidal structure.
312 (d) 322 (b)
The boiling point of ethanol is highest among NH3 , [PtCl4 ]2− , PCl5 andBCl3 have 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
these due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. and 𝑠𝑝2 hybridization respectively. Note that
313 (b) hybridization of P in PCl5 is wrongly reported in
C22−has[C ≡ C]2− structure. problem.
314 (a) 323 (b)
A compound having maximum electronegative The bond formation process is exothermic and
element will form strong hydrogen bond thus resultant acquires lower energy level.
315 (c) 324 (b)
The bond angle in CH3 OCH3 is 110inspite of 𝑠𝑝3 - Due to H-bonding in NH3 .
hybridization of O and two lone pair due to stearic 325 (a)
hindrance. Lewis structure of N2 molecule is
316 (b)
Multiplicity in bonding give rise to an increase in
bond energy.
317 (a)
Carbon in H2 CO3 has sp2 -hybridization and also 326 (b)
polar. BF3 hassp2 but non-polar. SlF4 has𝑠𝑝3 - The resonating structure of ClO−
4 are as
hybridization. HClO2 has𝑠𝑝3 -hybridisation.
318 (b)
The removal of second electron from Mg takes
place from 3𝑠-orbital whereas, the removal of Total number of bonds between Cl and O
second electron from Na takes place from 2𝑝- ⇒Bond order = Total number of resonating structure
orbital. More closer are shells to the nucleus,
 7 Bond angles of BeF2 , H2 O, NH3 and CH4 are 180,
= = 1.75
4 10431′, 10650′, 10928′ respectively.
327 (a) 340 (d)
Bond energy increases with increase in bond Bond length decreases with increase in 𝑠-
order. character.
328 (d) 341 (b)
Ionisation potential increases along the period. Isoelectronic species have same number of
329 (b) electrons, NO+ , C22− , CN − and N2. All have 14
CsClis most ionic because of most electropositive electrons.
nature of Cs. 342 (d)
330 (d) 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridised molecule have octahedral
O2 < O− 2 geometry.
Bond order 343 (b)
C2 = 2 𝑅—O—H … H—O— H
C22− = 3 344 (a)
B2 = 2 The shape of ClF3 is distorted T-shape due to the
B2+ = 1.5 presence of two lone pair of electrons.
Li2 = 1
Li+2 = 0.5
N2 = 3
N2+ = 2.5
O2 = 2
O−2 = 1.5 345 (b)
331 (d) These are facts.
The molecular configuration of O− 2 is as 346 (c)
𝜎1𝑠 , 𝜎 1𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑠 , 𝜎 2𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 2
NO− 2
2 has𝑠𝑝 hybridisation. Its expected geometry
≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 ≈ ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦2 is trigonal planar but actual geometry is V-shape
𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎 due to presence of lone pair of electrons.
Bond order = 2
10 − 8 347 (d)
= Cs +is biggest ion among these. F − is smallest.
2
∴ Bond order = 1 348 (d)
332 (b) Formation of solid lattice from oppositely charged
It is an ionic compound. The most ionic compound ionized gaseous atoms give rise to evolution of
is CsF. lattice energy.
333 (c) 349 (b)
CO2 is linear molecule. We know that Al3+ cation is smaller than Na+
334 (b) (because of greater nuclear charge). According to
M.O. configuration of N2 is: Fajan’s rule, small cation polarise anion upto
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 2
σ1s σ 1s , σ2s σ 2s , π2p𝑦 , π2p𝑧 , σ2p𝑥2 2 greater extent. Hence, Al3+ polarise Cl− ions upto
M.O. configuration of N2+ is: greater extent, therefore, AlCl3 has covalent bond
σ1s2 σ∗ 1s2 , σ2s2 σ∗ 2s2 , π2p2𝑦 , π2p2𝑧 , σ2p1𝑥 between Al and Cl atoms.
350 (a)
335 (d)
In NH4+ ion, N is 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised therefore, bond
angle in NH4+ (tetrahedral shape) is 109°28′.
336 (a) Due to resonance, in O3 ,the O − O bond length will
The definition of bond order. be in between O = O and O − O
338 (b) 352 (b)
The intermolecular forces increase with increases Bond order for O2 = 2 and for O+ 2 = 2.5
in mol. wt. Both are paramagnetic (O2 has 2 unpaired
339 (b) electron, O+ has one unpaired electron).
2
354 (c)
[O − O]2−
355 (b)
For 𝑠𝑝2 hybridization, bond angle is 120°
In 𝑠𝑝2 hybridization,
1 365 (a)
𝑠 character = 3 × 100 = 33%
F3 Clhas 10 electrons on Cl atom. A superoctet
356 (d) molecule means for expanded octet on an atom.
ClF3 has𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridization with two lone pair of 366 (c)
electron on Cl. S2 molecule is paramagnetic like O2 having 2
357 (a) unpaired electrons.
13. O2 = 8 + 8 = 16 368 (a)
π-bonding occurs only after σ-bond is formed.
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , (𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 =
369 (d)
𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 ), ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥1 = ∗𝑝 2𝑝𝑦1 )
NH4+ and SO2− 3
4 both show 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation and
∵ It has 2 unpaired electrons.
tetrahedral geometry
∴ It is paramagnetic.
370 (c)
14. CN − = 6 + 7 + 1 = 14
Dipole moment is a vector quantity. The dipole
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , (𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 = moment of symmetrical molecule is zero. Only the
𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 ) molecule which has distorted shape has dipole
∴ No unpaired electron and no paramagnetic. moment.
15. CO = 6 + 8 = 14

= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , (𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 =

𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 )
∴ No unpaired electron and no paramagnetic.
16. NO+ = 7 + 8 − 1 = 14

= 𝜎1𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , (𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 =

𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 )
∴ No unpaired electron and not paramagnetic.
∵ CO2 , p-dichlorobenzene and CH4 have regular
358 (c)
symmetrical shape.
C— Fbond is more polar than C— Cl.
∴ They don’t have dipole moment.
359 (d)
Ionic compounds conduct current only in fused
state.
360 (b)
IP1 ofB > 𝐼P1 of Li ENC of boron is more than Li.
Also IP1 of Li > 𝐼P1 of K because removal of
electron in K occurs from 4𝑠. NH3 has distorted structure due to presence of
361 (c) lone pair of electron.
It is a fact. ∴ It has dipole moment.
363 (d) 371 (c)
O has two lone pair of electrons. According to Fajan’s rule smaller anion is
364 (a) polarised to lesser extent than the larger anion.
In SF4 , S has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridisation. Thus, it contains ∴compound having smaller anion has more ionic
two axial and two equatorial bonds to give see- character.
saw structure. ∴ Higher melting
Since, the size of F − ion is smallest, it is polarised.
∴ AgF will have highest ionic character and hence
highest melting point.
 (∵ Ionic compounds have greater melting point In NH3 , N undergoes 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation. Due to the
than covalent compound) presence of one lone-pair, it is pyramidal in shape.
372 (a)
1
Number of hybrid orbitals for neutral atom =
2
[Number of valence electron in central atom +
Number of monovalent atom]
5+5
Number of hybrid orbital = 5
= 5
3
Hence, hybridisation is 𝑠𝑝 𝑑.
374 (a) 383 (d)
The size of isoelectronic decreases with increase Hg exists in liquid state.
in atomic number. 384 (b)
375 (a) According to valence bond theory, overlapping
Bond angle for 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 -orbitals are 180, orbitals must possess half-filled nature as well as
120 and 10928′ respectively. antispin electron.
378 (d) 385 (a)
In BrF3 molecule, Br is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybrid, but geometry Non-polar or pure covalent bond has zero per
is T-shaped due to distortion of geometry from cent ionic character due to the absence of partial
trigonal-bipyramidal to T-shaped by the charges on either end.
involvement of lone pair-lone pair repulsion. 386 (a)
Here The dipole moment of two dipoles inclines at an
𝑙𝑝 − 𝑙𝑝 repulsion = 0 angle θ is given by the equation 𝜋 =
𝑙𝑝 − 𝑏𝑝 repulsion = 4 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 cos θ, cos 90 = 0,since, the angle
𝑏𝑝 − 𝑏𝑝 repulsion = 2 increases from 90 − 180, the value of cos θ
becomes more and more −ve and hence resultant
decreases. Thus, dipole moment is maximum,
when, θ = 90°
387 (a)
CO(14) = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2
379 (b) 𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎 10−4
BO = = =3
As the distance between the atoms, increases, 2 2
− (16)
bond polarity increases NO =
380 (d) 𝜎1𝑠 , 𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 ,
2 ∗ ∗ 2 2 2
𝜎 2𝑠 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥 , (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 ),
∗ 1 ∗ 1
𝐸𝐴1 for elements is exothermic and 𝐸𝐴2 is 𝜋 2𝑝𝑦 = 𝜋 2𝑝𝑧
10−6
endothermic. Also 𝐸𝐴2 for O > 𝐸𝐴1 for O. BO = =2
2
381 (a) NO+ (13); BO= 3
O−2 =8+8+1 CN − (14); BO= 3
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2, 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2, 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2, 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 N2 (14); 𝐵𝑂 = 3
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦1 Hence, bond order of NO− is different from that of
∴ Total antibonding electrons = 7 CO.
O2 = 8 + 8 = 16 388 (a)
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2, 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 S atom in SF6 is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 -hybridized state and shows
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥1 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦1 octahedral shape.
∴ Total antibonding electrons = 6 389 (b)
O2−
2 = 8 + 8 + 2 = 18 The stability of carbonates increases with
= 𝜎1𝑠 2, ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2, 𝜎2𝑠 2, ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2, 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 increasing electropositive character of metal.
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦2 391 (c)
∴ Total antibonding electrons = 8 Larger is the size of atom, lesser is the tendency
382 (d) for overlapping, lesser is bond energy.
392 (a) more stable since it has negative charge on
The polarising ability is characteristic of cation, nitrogen while IV has negative charge carbon.
smaller the size of cation with large magnitude of 402 (b)
positive charge, more will be its polarising ability. Hybrid orbitals never form π-bond.
(∵ It can cause large distortions in anion cloud.) 404 (c)
393 (a) O2 (16) = σ1𝑠 2 , ∗σ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , ∗σ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝𝑧2 , π2𝑝𝑥2
ClO2 has 33 electrons, 𝑖. 𝑒., one unpaired. ≈ π2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗π 2𝑝𝑥1 ≈ ∗π 2𝑝𝑦1
394 (c) BO =
10−6
=2
2
Larger anion is polarized more (Fajans’ rule).
O2−
2 (18) = σ1𝑠 2 , ∗σ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , ∗σ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝𝑧2 , π2𝑝𝑥2
395 (c)
≈ π2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗π 2𝑝𝑥2 ≈ ∗π 2𝑝𝑦2
The molecules having distorted geometry have
10−8
dipole moment and those having regular BO = 2
=1
geometry have zero dipole moment. N2 (14) = σ1𝑠 2 , ∗σ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , ∗ 2 2
σ 2𝑠 , π2𝑝𝑥
∵ NH3 , CH3 Cl and ClO2have distorted geometry. ≈ π2𝑝𝑦2 , σ2𝑝𝑧2
∴ They have dipole moment. BO =
10−4
=3
2
∵ BF3 has regular triangular planar geometry.
Thus, bond order is highest for N2 .
The dipole moment of BF3 is zero.
405 (d)
396 (c)
Molecular shapes of SF4 , CF4 , XeF4 are different
When hydrogen forms hydrogen bonding with
with 1, 0 and 2 lone pair or electrons respectively.
fluorine it will be strongest H-bonding because
406 (c)
fluorine is strongest electronegative element.
The correct sequence of hybridisation of methane,
397 (b)
ethene and ethyneis 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝.
Trans 2-pentene has dipole moment.
407 (b)
Diamond has a three-dimensional structure in
which a large number of carbon atoms are
arranged tetrahedrally by covalent bonds. It is an
Because +I effect of ethyl group is more than that
allotropic form of carbon.
of CH3 group, hence the two dipoles do not cancel
408 (b)
each other.
The ionisation potential decreases down the
398 (d)
group.
NH2− has𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization having two covalent
409 (b)
bonds and two lone pair of N atom.
BeH2 molecule is linear because it has 𝑠𝑝-
399 (d)
hybridisation. It has bond angle180° .
The solubility of a compound mainly depend upon
its hydration energy. If the hydration energy of a
compound is greater than from its lattice
enthalpy, then its is soluble in water. Thus, for 410 (b)
solubility Be2 (σ1s 2 , σ∗ 1s 2 , σ2s2 , σ∗ 2s2 )has bond order
Hydration enthalpy > lattice equal to zero.
enthalpy 411 (c)
For compounds P and R hydration enthalpy
exceeds the lattice enthalpy, so they are soluble in
water.
400 (a)
It is a fact derived from bond order.
401 (b)
I has maximum covalent bond and negative
charge on electronegative nitrogen, most stable.
III has more covalent bond than both II and IV, III
is second most stable. Between II and IV, II is
 Kernals start vibrating and hence, create
hindrance in the flow of electrons
423 (d)
Chile salt petre(NaNO3 ), potash alum
(K 2 SO4 . Al2 (SO4 )3 . 24H2 O)and green vitriol
(FeSO4 . 7H2 O)are ionic compounds. They produce
ions in their aqueous solutions, so they are
conducting in nature. Ethyl alcohol, C2 H5 OH being
covalent in nature, does not produce any ion in
aqueous solution. Hence, it is non-conducting in
nature.
15σ and 3π- bonds are present in toluene. 424 (c)
412 (b) Due to large electronegativity difference in C and
In H2 O, H-atom contains only two electrons. F atoms.
413 (c) 425 (a)
Both HgCl2 and C2 H2 are linear like CO2 because Proteins show H-bonding.
of 𝑠𝑝-hybridization. 426 (c)
414 (d) Bond angles decreases down the group.
Follow concept of bond order in M.O. theory. H2 O > H2 S. Also bond angle of H2 O < 𝑁H3 due
415 (d) to lone pair effect.
HC ≡ C − HC = CH − CH3 10σ, 3π 427 (c)
416 (b)
CCl2 = CCl2has𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization. CCl4has𝑠𝑝3 -
hybridization.
417 (c)
All are non-metals.
419 (c)
Boiling point of ammonia is much higher than
phosphine. It is due to extensive hydrogen
bonding found in ammonia.
In the above compound all bonds are σ bond and
hence, carbon atom uses only 𝑠𝑝3 - hybrid orbitals
for bond formation.

428 (b)
It is the order of stability.
429 (b)
420 (b) 𝐸1 forHe+ = 𝐸1 for 𝐻 × Z2 (where Z=at.no. of He).
Lower potential energy level imparts stability. 430 (c)
421 (d) H—bonding order:
1 ⋯H − F > ⋯H − O > ⋯H − N
Covalent character ∝
size of cation 431 (d)
∝ size of anion The charge-size ratio increases and thus
(according to Fajan’s rule) polarizing power increases.
Lower the covalent character, higher will be ionic 434 (c)
character. O2 has two unpaired electrons.
Cl2 O, contains O2− , NCl3 contains N 3− 435 (d)
, PbCl2 contains Pb2+ and BaCl2 contains Ba2+ . These are the factors on which IP depends.
Hence, the order of covalent character is 436 (b)
NCl3 > 𝐶l2 O > 𝑃𝑏𝐶l2 > 𝐵𝑎𝐶l2 The hybridised states of N in NO+ − +
2 , NO3 and NH4
∴ BaCl2 has the greatest ionic character. 2 3
are 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝 and 𝑠𝑝 respectively.
422 (c)
437 (b)
Carbon (1) has 2σ − and 2μ − bonds. Carbon (2)
has 3σ and 1 π-bond.
438 (c)
According to Fajan’s rule, as the size of cation ∴ In benzene, the carbon – carbon bond is
decreases, its polarising power increases. Hence, between the double and single bond due to the
Cu2+ polarise Cl− ions more than Cu+ . Therefore, resonance, so its bond order is 1.5.
CuCl2 has more covalent character and hence, its 448 (a)
boiling point is less. If difference in electronegativity in between two
439 (b) atoms is 1.7, the molecule possesses 50%
Metals are more electropositive and lose covalent +50% ionic nature.
electrons, while non – metals have tendency to 449 (b)
gain electron. IP1 ofPb > 𝐼P1 of Sn (an exception).
440 (b) 450 (c)
Behas smallest size and thus, Be cation possesses Only then it can accept lone pair in that shell.
more polarizing power. 451 (a)
441 (b) Count σ-and π-bonds.
Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in 452 (b)
𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜-isomer, it has least melting point. Due to The molecular electronic configuration of O2 is
2
effective intermolecular hydrogen bonding in O2 = [𝐾𝐾, (𝜎2𝑠)2 , ( ∗ 2 2
𝜎 2𝑠) , (𝜎2𝑝𝑥 ) , (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )
1
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 isomer, it has highest melting point among = (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )2 , ( ∗
𝜋 2𝑝𝑦 ) = (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 ) ]
1
the isomers. So, the order is 453 (d)
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 isomer >𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎>𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 Csis more electropositive.
(114℃)(97℃) (54 ℃ ) 454 (a)
443 (a) In MnO− 4 , the oxidation no. of Mn is +7, 𝑖. 𝑒., all the
Based on geometry of molecule. 4𝑠 and 3𝑑 electrons are lost.
444 (b) 455 (d)
The structure of these molecules/species are as Stability ∝ bond order
follows : 456 (b)
Charge of 𝑒 − = 1.6 × 10−19 C
Dipole moment of HBr = 1.6 × 10−30 C-m
Interionic spacing = 1 Å = 1 × 10−10 m
% of ionic character in
Dipole moment of HBr × 100
HBr =
Interspacing distance × 𝑞
1.6 × 10−30 × 100
=
1.6 × 10−19 × 10−10
= 10−30 × 1029 × 100 = 0.1 × 100 = 10%
457 (c)
Due to shielding effect of (𝑛−1)𝑑-subshell.
PCl3 has𝑠𝑝3 -hybridisation but due to presence of a 459 (d)
lone-pair, its shape is pyramidal instead of P in PO3− 3 2−
4 has 𝑠𝑝 -hybridization like S in SO4 .
tetrahedral. 460 (d)
446 (c) The lattice becomes stronger (i.e., the lattice
[C]forms anion readily by gaining one electron energy Ubecomes more negative). As r the
only. interionic distance decreases. U is proportional to
447 (c) 1
Number of bonds between two atoms is called 𝑟
1
bond order. or 𝑈 ∝ (𝑟 +𝑟
𝑐 𝑎)
Resonating structures of benzene are 462 (a)
 Covalent radius are always smaller than crystal
radius as the former involves overlapping region.
463 (c)
CO2−
3 has the following structure

It contains only covalent bonds

464 (c)
Molecular orbital configuration of,
C2+ = σ1𝑠 2 , σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ∗ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝𝑥2 , π2𝑝𝑦1
466 (d)
Mullikan proposed M.O. theory.
467 (d) 471 (d)
Cl2 O = 42 electrons SF4 has𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridization with one lone pair, CF4
ICl−2 = 88 electrons has 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization with no lone pair and XeF4
−
Cl2 = 35 electrons has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 -hybridization with two lone pairs.
IF2+ = 70 electrons 472 (a)
I3− = 160 electrons
Cl2 O = 33 electrons
ClO− 2 = 34 electrons
+
ClF2 = 34 electrons
ClO− +
2 andClF2 contain 34 electrons each hence
they are isoelectronic. Hence, hybridisation=𝑠𝑝3
468 (a) In NH3 N-atoms is 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised, but due to
1, 2-butandiene has the structure. presence of a lone pair of electron on N-atom. It is
HHH pyramidal in shape.
||| 473 (b)
H−C−C=C=C−H For a compound to be soluble, the hydration
| 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝2 energy must be greater than the lattice energy.
H Since, NaCl is soluble in water but insoluble in
469 (d) benzene.
Anions are always larger in size than their parent ∆𝐻hydration > ∆𝐻lattice energy in water
atom. Cations are always smaller in size than their and ∆𝐻hydration
parent atom. < ∆𝐻lattice energy in benzene
470 (d) 474 (b)
Sulphade ion (S02− 4 ) has tetrahedral geometry, as Dimerization occurs in carboxylic acids which
in S-atom undergoes 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation. indicates strong H-bonding.
475 (c)

Thus, the number of 𝜎 and 𝜋 bonds respectively

are 7 and 3
476 (a)
Solubility order :AgF > 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙 > 𝐴𝑔𝐵𝑟 > 𝐴𝑔𝐼.
477 (d)
CaI2has maximum covalent character due to large
size of anion and possesses lowest lattice energy.
 Thus melting point is lowest. Both possess 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization but different
478 (c) geometry.
1
Hybridisation=2 [ no. of electron in valence shell 485 (c)
+ no. of monovalent atoms-charge on cation+ In transition elements, penultimate shell electrons
also participate in bonding.
charge on anion]
17. H2 O 486 (b)
Species O2 O+ 2+ 2−
2 O2 O2
1 8 Bond Order 2 2.5 3 1
𝐻=2 (6+2+0-0)=2=4
Hence, the increasing bond order is as follows :
∴ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation O2− +
2 < O2 < O2 < O2
2+

487 (b)
18. CH4 π2𝑝𝑥 andπ2𝑝𝑦 or ∗π 2𝑝𝑥 and ∗π 2𝑝𝑦 orbitals have
1
𝐻=2 (4+4+0-0) nearly equal energy and thus, are called
degenerate orbitals.
8 488 (a)
=2=4
The most electronegative element is F and next to
∴ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation F is O.
489 (c)
19. BCl3 Ions are held in NaCl by coulombic forces and
thus, possess no velocity.
1
𝐻=2 (3+3+0-0) 490 (b)
Both have one lone pair of electron.
6
=2=3 491 (d)
𝑞 𝑞
Lattice energy,𝑈 = 𝑟1 2 2
∴ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation
Since, interionic distances in CaO and NaCl are
20. NH3 similar, (larger cation has smaller anion and vice
versa) 𝑟 is almost the same. Therefore, lattice
1
𝐻= (5+3+0-0) energy depends only on charge. Since, the
2
magnitude of charge on Na+ and Cl− ions is same
8
= =4 𝑖𝑒, unity and that on Ca2+ and O2− ions is 2 each,
2
therefore, the lattice energy of CaO is four times
∴ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation the lattice energy ofNaCl,𝑖𝑒,4U
492 (a)
∴ (c) is correct answer.

479 (a) 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2

H2 Oshows high b.p. (inspite of lowest mol. wt.) on CH ≡ C − CH = CH2
account of strong H-bonding. Hence, carbon atom bonded to each other by
480 (d) single
C2 H2is a linear molecule with 𝑠𝑝-hybridization. (C − C) are 𝑠𝑝 and 𝑠𝑝2 hybrid.
481 (b) 493 (c)
KO2 is an ionic compound. In IF5 , halogens are member of VII group.
482 (c) Summation of group number
In all the given compounds, anion is same(Cl− ), = 42
42
hence polarising power is decided by size and Bond pair = 8 = 5(Residue ) 2
charge of cation. Al3+ with maximum charge and 2
Lone pair = 2=1
smallest size has maximum polarising power
5 bond pair, 1 lone pair means the geometry is
hence, AlCl3 is maximum covalent.
square pyramidal and 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridisation.
483 (d)
494 (b)
Dipole forces exist only in polar molecule.
PCl5 molecule has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridiation.
484 (b)
 Its geometry is trigonalbipyramidal and it has 5 504 (b)
valence shell pairs of electrons. Be in BeF3− is 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridized
495 (c) 505 (c)
Given, ionic charge = 4.8 × 10−10 esu RbO2 meansRb+ and 0− −
2 , 02 is the superoxide ion.
− (17)
and, ionic distance = 1 Å = 10−8 cm 02 = σ1𝑠 , σ 1𝑠 , σ2𝑠 2 , ∗σ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝𝑧2 , π2𝑝𝑥2
2 ∗ 2
2 ∗ 2 ∗ 1
We know that ≈ π2𝑝𝑦, π 2𝑝𝑥, ≈ π 2𝑝𝑦
Dipole moment =ionic charge×ionic distance As it contains one unpaired electron, thus
= 4.8 × 10−10 × 10−8 paramagnetic in nature.
= 4.8 × 10−18 esu cm−1 506 (b)
= 4.8 debye A reason for the given fact.
496 (b) 507 (c)
CH2 = CH2 has1σ-and 1π-in between two 𝑠𝑝2 - Sulphanilic acids have dipolar structure to their
hybridized carbon. melting point is high and insoluble in organic
497 (c) solvent
S in SF4 possesses trigonal bipyramidal structure 509 (c)
with 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation. Atomic size of Ag and Au are closer to each other
S in ground state but nuclear charge is more on Au.
511 (d)
BCl3 has trigonal planar structure due to 3 bond
pairs in the valence shell of boron whereas NCl3
has distorted tetrahearal structure due to one
lone pair and three bond pair in the valence shell
of nitrogen.
512 (a)
In AlH3 , Al is 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised while in AlH4− , Al is
𝑠𝑝3 hybridised.
513 (b)
S in excited state CH3 COOHdimerises in gaseous state due to H-
bonding.
499 (c)
Atomic size decreases along the period and
increases down the gp.
500 (d)
One water molecules is joined to four water
molecules−two with H−atoms and other two
with O−atoms. Thus, The maximum number of 514 (d)
hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can have It is the definition of electron affinity.
is four as shown below : 516 (b)
SO2 has𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization.
517 (a)
One of 𝑠-orbital +3 of 𝑝-orbital = 𝑠𝑝3
518 (d)
NO(7 + 8 = 15)
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑥1
NO+ (7 + 8 − 1 = 14)
501 (d) = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 ≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2
CH3+ andNH2+ both have 8 electrons. Thus, in the formation of NO+ from NO, the
503 (b) electron is removed from a 𝜋 ∗orbital
Energy level order 2𝑝 > 2𝑠. 519 (a)
 2nd 𝐼𝐸1 of alkali metals is abnormally higher. octahedral planar geometry.
520 (c)
529 (d)
For Be 𝑛Al2 Si6 O18
Bond angles of
2n + 6 + 24 – 36 = 0
NH3 = 107°, H2 Se = 91.0°, H2 O = 104.5°, H2 S
n=3
= 92.2°
521 (a)
So, the H2 Se molecule has smallest bond angle.
The structure of an hydride of H2 SO4 is :
530 (a)

The bond angle in H2 O is 104.5° due to

the presence of two lone pairs of electrons. This
522 (c) fact can be best explained with the help of valence
O atom possesses 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization with two lone shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
pair of electron. 531 (b)
523 (a) NO− 2 𝑠𝑝
2
− 2
Ionic bonds are non-directional. NO3 𝑠𝑝
524 (b) NH2− 𝑠𝑝3
The molecule of N2 O is linear as would be NH4+ 𝑠𝑝3
expected for a triatomic molecule with 16 outer SCN− 𝑠𝑝
shell electrons. Its resonance structure is 533 (b)
K + [C ≡ N]− ; K + and CN− ionic, C and N forms
covalent bonds.
525 (d) 534 (c)
NaClexist as Na+ Cl−.
535 (c)
C2 H2has a linear structure because it has 𝑠𝑝-
hybridisation.
H−C≡C−H
536 (d)
Hence, number of σ and π-bond in acetonitrile are Structure of C2 H4 is
5 and 2 respectively.
526 (a)
More the difference in electronegativity of atoms,
stronger will be the hydrogen bond. ∵
Electronegativity difference between H and F is
highest.
(∵F has highest electronegativity)
∵ F − H − − − − − Ohydrogen bond is strongest.
527 (d)
Cyanide ion is,

528 (a)
21. 𝑑𝑠𝑝3 or 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑hybridisation results in
trigonal bipyramidal geometry according
to VSEPR theory.

22. 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation has square planar

geometry.
So, the compound (𝑋) is C2 H4.
23. 𝑑2 𝑠𝑝3 or𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridisation has 537 (a)
 Ionization energy increases along the period and 546 (b)
decreases down the group. The structure of acetylene is
538 (b)
The atomic radius decreases along the period.
Also cations are always smaller than their parent
atom and anions are always larger than their In acetylene, both the C-atoms are sphybridised.
parent atom. Hence in acetylene molecule, there are one sigma
539 (a) and two pi bonds are present between carbon
In N2 , all electrons are paired. Thus, N2+ has one atoms.
electron unpaired. 547 (c)
540 (c) Size of isoelectronics decreases with increasing
Mo Hyb Repulsion Bond atomic number.
lec ridi angle 548 (d)
ule sati
O−2
on
SO2 𝑠𝑝2 lp.bp, bp – bp 119° π2𝑝𝑦2 π∗ 2𝑝𝑦2
∶ σ1𝑠 2 , σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ∗ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝2 [ ][ ]
OH2 𝑠𝑝 3 lp – lp, bp – lpbp – bp 104.5° π2𝑝𝑧2 π∗ 2𝑝𝑧1
SH2 𝑠𝑝3 −do− B.O. =
10−7
= 1.5
NH3 𝑠𝑝3 lp – bp, bp – bp 90° 2

107° 549 (c)

541 (a) NO has 15 electrons (paramagnetic) whereas NO+
CO2 is isostructural with N2 O because both have has 14 electrons (diamagnetic).
linear structure. 550 (c)
2Fe + 3[O] → Fe2 O3 (rust).
551 (d)
542 (c) ClO2 has 33 electron; one will be unpaired.
Valencies of 𝐿, 𝑄, 𝑃 and 𝑅 is-2,-1,+1, and +2 552 (c)
NO2 and O3both are having irregular geometry.
respectively. So, they will form
𝑃2 𝐿, 𝑅𝐿 𝑃𝑄, and 𝑅𝑄2 554 (a)
𝑠 character ∝ bond angle
543 (b)
NO ⟶ NO+ 555 (b)
(NO+ ) Total e− = 14 Since the two O atoms in O2 are connected by a
double bond (O = O), therefore,hybridization of O
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥1+1
is 𝑠𝑝2
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦1+1 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2
556 (a)
Diamagnetic
10−4 Cl − Be − Cl
Bond order = = 2
=3 In BeCI2 , Be is 𝑠𝑝-hybridised, hence it has linear
(NO) Total 𝑒 − = 15 structure.
𝜎1𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 𝜎2𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 𝜋2𝑝𝑥1+1 𝜋2𝑝𝑦1+1 , ∗
𝜋 2𝑝1
𝑥
= ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦
Paramagnetic
10−5
Bond order = = 2
= 2.5
Electron is taken away from non-bonding
molecular orbital that’s why bond order
557 (c)
increases.
544 (a) On fusion KCN, ionic bonding is disturbed; on
boiling H2 S and CF4 only kinetic energy of
All are isoelectronic species; more is nuclear
molecules increases.
charge smaller is ionic size.
558 (a)
545 (b)
Structure of N̅ H2 is as follows
Bond order for O2 =2; O+ − 2−
2 =2.5, O2 =1.5, O2 =1
Thus bond length is O+ −
2 < O2 < O2 < O2
2−
 IP3 > 𝐼P2 > 𝐼P1
567 (b)
Coordinate bond is formed.
(C2 H5 )2 O ⟶ BH3
(C2 H5 )2 Ogives one lone pair of electron to BH3 .
So, it is called electron pair donar and BH3 is
559 (b)
called electron pair acceptor.
Mn2+ is most stable as it has half-filled 𝑑-orbitals.
568 (a)
560 (c)
3− BeF3− involves𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization.
O
570 (c)
|
The structure of PO3− Maximum covalence in most of the atoms (except
4 is O − P − O
|| N, O, F) is given by the number of valency
[ O ] electrons. The paired 𝑠 electrons are also get
Here, there units negative charge is shared by unpaired during excitation.
four O atoms and five bond pairs are shared 571 (b)
between four P−O bonds Noble gases are in zero group however they
3
∴ Formal charge = 4 = −0.75 possess eight electrons in their valence shell.
5 572 (a)
BO of P − O bond = 4 = 1.25
Solid molecules possess stronger van der Waals’
561 (c) forces.
The element is P which exists as P4 . 573 (a)
562 (b) Inert pair effect is not noticed for elements having
Elements having six electrons in valency shell are their outermost shell (𝑛) if 𝑛 < 4.
electronegative elements, 𝑒.g., O. 574 (b)
563 (d) (a) Pauling gave scale of electronegativity.
In sulphur, the excitation of 𝑛𝑝-electrons to 𝑛𝑑- (b) Bronstedgave concept of acid and base.
subshell gives rise to increase in number of (c) Mullikan determined charge on electron.
unpaired electrons. (d) Lewis gave electronic theory of bonding.
564 (b) 575 (b)
Spe Elec Electrons Cha Tot
cies tro in other rge al
Ionization potential increases along the period.
n in element gain Also Be has 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 𝑖. 𝑒., removal of electrons
cent ed from 2𝑠 while in Boron it occurs from 2𝑝 and
ral
ele therefore, Be has high I.P.
me 576 (b)
nt
BO3−
3 5 3 × 8 = 24 +3 32
CO2−
3 6 3 × 8 = 24 +2 32
NO−3 7 3 × 8 = 24 +1 32
SO2−
3 16 3 × 8 = 24 +2 42
CN − 6 7 1 14
N2 7 7 0 14
C22− 6 6 +2 14
PO3−
4
15 4 × 8 = 32 +3 50
SO2−
4
16 4 × 8 = 32 +2 50
ClO4− 17 4 × 8 = 32 +1 50
Thus, (b) SO2− 2− −
3 , CO3 , NO3 are not isoelectronic.
565 (c)
Unpaired electrons are present in KO2 , while σ- Lone Unpaired Total
others have paired electrons. bond pair electron
NO+ 2 ⟶22 electrons I. 3 × × 3 (𝑠𝑝2 )
BaO2 ⟶72 electrons II. 2 × × 2
AlO− III. 4 × × (sp)
2 ⟶30 electrons
KO2 ⟶35 electrons 4(𝑠𝑝3 )
577 (b)
566 (d)
 Larger cation favours ionic bonding (Fajan’s rule).
578 (b)
Only P has 𝑑-orbitals.
579 (b)
H2 Ois𝑠𝑝3 -hybridized; BeF2 is 𝑠𝑝-hybridized.
580 (b) 589 (c)
Oxidising power: F2 > 𝐶l2 > 𝐵r2 > I2 . Be2 = (8 electrons)
∗ ∗
581 (a) 𝜎1𝑠2 𝜎1𝑠2 𝜎2𝑠2 𝜎2𝑆 2
NH3 molecule in its valence shell has three bond 590 (d)
pairs of electrons and one lone pair of electrons. 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybridisation has octahedral structure such
The shape of NH3 molecule is pyramidal due to that four hybrid orbitals are at 90° w.r.t each
the presence of one lone pair electron. It has 𝑠𝑝 3 other and others two at 90° with first four.
hybridisation.

582 (d)
All carbon to hydrogen bonds are σ-bonds 591 (b)
583 (b) 𝐼𝐸1 of N > 𝐼𝐸1 of O due to half filled nature in N.
In C2 H6 , Cis 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised. 592 (b)
In C2 H4 , Cis 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised. Larger anion is easily deformed (Follow Fajans’
In BeCl2 , Beis 𝑠𝑝 hybridised. rule).
In C2 H2 , Cis 𝑠𝑝 hybridised 593 (c)
584 (b) Due to resonance structure of C6 H6.
Energy bonds in solids are formed in accordance 594 (d)
with Bohr’s theory. Draw bond structure and then count bonds.
585 (c)
The jump in ionisation energy occurs when
valence shell changes during removal of electron.
586 (c)
H atom attached on F is responsible for H-
bonding..
⟹ 12σ, 2dπ − pπbonds.
587 (a)
595 (a)
In methane, ethene and ethyne, the hybridisations
are respectively 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝. Hence, % 𝑠-
character will be
1
𝑠𝑝3 = × 100 = 25%
4
Bond length increases when bond order decrease, 1
2
hence the correct order of bond length is 𝑠𝑝 = × 100 = 33%
3
CO2−
3 > 𝐶O2 > 𝐶𝑂 1
𝑠𝑝 = × 100 = 50%
588 (a) 2
3
In PCl3 molecule, phosphorus is 𝑠𝑝 -hybridised 597 (c)
but due to presence of lone-pair of electron. It has Both SO2− − 3
4 and BF4 have 𝑠𝑝 -hybridization and
pyramidal structure. are tetrahedral.
598 (c)
If there is four σ − bonds, hybridisation is 𝑠𝑝3 , if
three σ − bonds, hybridisation is 𝑠𝑝2 and if two
 σ − bonds, hybridisation is sp. It is the definition of valency.
(a) CH2 = C = CH2 607 (a)
𝑠𝑝2 sp𝑠𝑝2 Only Na shows +1 oxidation state. Rest all have
(b)CH3 − CH = CH − CH2+ +1, +2(Hg), +1, +2 (Cu) and +2, +3 (Fe)
𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 oxidation states.
(c)CH3 − C ≡ C − CH2+ 608 (a)
𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝 𝑠𝑝2 The ionisation energy of elements decreases
(d)CH3 − CH = CH − CH2− down the group.
𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝3 609 (d)
(e)CH2 = CH − CH = CH2 O is more electronegative than C.
𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2 610 (c)
Hence, in CH3 − C ≡ C − CH2+ , all the three types Bond energy increases with multiplicity of bonds.
of hybrid carbons are present. 611 (c)
599 (b) Br2 is a non-polar molecule and hence, its melting
Sigma bond formation involves more overlapping point and boiling point depend only upon van der
and thus stronger. Waals’ forces of attraction while all the remaining
600 (b) molecules have dipole moments and hence, their
Both have 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization geometry. melting points and boiling points depend upon
601 (b) dipole-dipole interactions
Anions are always larger than their parent atom. 612 (c)
Also atomic radius increases down the group, H-bonding in H2 O increases forces of attracting
decreases along the period. among molecules and develops abnormal
602 (c) properties.
AsF5 has sp3 𝑑 hybridization. In 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 614 (b)
hybridization, it is 𝑑𝓏 2 orbitals which takes part In a double bond ( = )oneσandon𝑒 π-bond is
603 (a) present while in a single bond ( − ) only σ-bond is
present.
The structure of the naphthalene is as
CCl4and compounds has
zero dipole moment due to their symmetrical
structure.
604 (b)
Ionisation energy increases along the period.
605 (a)
In octahedral structure 𝑀𝑋6 , the six hybrid In naphthalene five double bonds are present,
orbitals (𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 ) are directed towards the corners hence 5π bonds are present in naphthalene.
of a regular octahedral with an angle of 90°. 616 (d)
According to following structure of 𝑀𝑋6 the ICl− − −
2 , I3 , N3 are linear
number of 𝑋 − 𝑀 − 𝑋 bonds at 180° must be but
three. ClO− 3
2 is angular due to 𝑠𝑝 hybridisation of Cl atom.

So, ClO−
2 is non-linear.
617 (c)
1
Bond order = [bonding electrons – antibonding
2
electrons]
618 (c)
The difference of electronegativity is more.
606 (a) 619 (c)
 𝑂𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜hydroxyl benzaldehyde has maximum expected to be covalent
volatility due to intra molecular H-bonding. 634 (a)
620 (b) SiF4 and SF4 are not isostructural because SiF4 is
Formal charge = Number of electrons in valence tetrahedral due to 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation of Si while
shell – SF4 is not tetrahedral but it is distorted
1
(2 ×numbers of electrons as bond pair+numbers tetrahedral because in it S is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridised and
of electrons as lone pair) has a lone pair of electron.
635 (c)
SiF4 has regular tetrahedral geometry.
636 (d)
For N1 and N3
4 Clpossesses 10 electrons in ClF3 .
Formal charge = 5 − (2 + 4) = 5 − (6) = −1
637 (a)
1
For N2 = 5 − × 8 − 0 = 5 − 4 = +1 Molec 𝑏𝑝 Hybridisa Shape
2
621 (d) ule + 𝑙𝑝 tion
H2 O 2 +2 𝑠𝑝3 Angular
In phenol each C atom is 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised andO
Trigonal
atom is 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised. BCl3 3 + 0 𝑠𝑝2 Planar
622 (a) NH4 +
4 + 0 𝑠𝑝3 Tetrahedral
Due to 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization on carbon atoms. CH4 4 + 0 𝑠𝑝3 Tetrahedral
623 (b) 638 (c)
Bond angles of ClF3 , PF3 , NF3 and BF3 are (180, Electronegativity and ionisation energy decreases
90), (101), (106) and (120) respectively. from F to I.
624 (c) 639 (d)
Operates in each gaseous molecule. CH ≡ CH; 3for triple bonds and two for C—H
625 (d) bond.
Resultant of two opposite vectors produces zero 640 (b)
dipole moment. The electronic configuration of O2− 2 ion is
2−
626 (d) O2
Because of its regular tetrahedral geometry, CCl4 − 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 ,
has least dipole moment Hence, number of antibonding electron pair in
627 (b) O2−
2 molecular ion are four.
Coulombic forces are strongest among all. 641 (c)
628 (a) Due to the presence of d-subshell electrons.
CO2 has linear structure. It has 𝑠𝑝-hybridisation 642 (b)
O=C=O Due to 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization.
629 (a) 643 (a)
In (𝐴) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎-nitro phenol intermolecular M.O. configuration of O2 :
(between two molecules) H-bonding exists while 2 ∗ 2
2 ∗ 2 2 2 2 π2𝑝𝑦 π 2𝑝𝑦
in (𝐵) 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜 –nitrophenol, intramolecular H- σ1𝑠 , σ 1𝑠 , σ2𝑠 , σ ∗ 2𝑠 , σ2px [ ] [ ]
π2𝑝𝑧2 π∗ 2𝑝𝑧1
bonding exists. Molecular orbitals π∗ 2𝑝𝑧 gains electron when O− 2
Because of the presence of intramolecular H- is formed from O2
bonding, the boiling point of (𝐵) is lower as 644 (a)
compare to (𝐴) and thus, (𝐵) is more volatile 𝑖. 𝑒., H-bonding is weakest bonding.
has higher vapour pressure as compare to (𝐴). 646 (b)
630 (b) Out of 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised carbon, 𝑠𝑝
Small cation has more polarizing power. hybridised carbon is more electronegative.
632 (c) 647 (c)
Polar solute are more soluble in polar solvents. Both NH3 and H2 O have 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization.
633 (b) CO2 andBeCl2 are linear (𝑠𝑝-hybridization).
Since, the electronegativity (EN) different is 3.0 − 648 (d)
1.2 = 1.8, which is less than 1.9, therefore, bond is Unpaired electrons give rise to paramagnetism.
649 (a) Molecules Interaction
HF has largest dipole moment because Benzene and Dispersion force
electronegativity difference of both is high so, it is ethanol Dipole-dipole
highly polar Acetonitrile and Ion-dipole
acetone Dispersion
650 (b)
KCl and water (London) force
Due to H-bonding which is more in water than Benzene and
alcohol and not in ether. carbon
652 (c) tetrachloride
1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝4 leads a sharing of two electron pairs 667 (b)
to form molecule, 𝑒. g., O2 . Dry ice is CO2 having C—O covalent bonds.
654 (b) 668 (d)
Count σ and π bonds.
655 (c)
Bond orderC2− > 𝑁𝑂 > O− 2 > 𝐻e2
+

3 5/2 3/2 1/2

656 (b)
Larger is bond order, lesser is bond length.
657 (c) In 𝑝-dichlorobenzene, two C − Cl dipole cancel
Strongest H-bonds are formed in between HCOOH each other
and CH3 COOH. This is because H- bonding ∴𝜇=0
increases with electronegativity and decreases In, 𝑜-dichlorobenzene, two C − Cl dipoles (say 𝑥)
with size of atom are inclined at an angle of 60°.Therefore,
658 (d) according to parallelogram law of forces, the
2 3 resultant
BCl3 has𝑠𝑝 -hybridization. Rest all have 𝑠𝑝 -
hybridization having one lone pair of electron and = √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 × cos 60°
thus, pyramidal in nature. = √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 × 1/2
659 (d)
= √3𝑥 2 = √3𝑥
The overlapping orbitals must possess half-filled
In 𝑚-dichlorobenzene, the two dipoles are
nature with anti-spin electron.
inclined to each other at an angle of 120°,
661 (c)
therefore, resultant
= √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 × cos 120°
= 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 × (−1/2)
for each coordinate bond. = √𝑥 2 = 𝑥
662 (a) Thus ,the decreasing order of dipole moments:
B.p. of H2 is minimum. 𝑜>𝑚>𝑝
663 (a) 669 (d)
H2 Ohas𝑠𝑝3 -hybridisation and is angular in shape. One carbon has three bonds and other five where
664 (b) as each should have four bonds.
Electron gain enthalpy of Cl is maximum. 670 (c)
665 (a) Cations are smaller in size than their parent
The structure of trimethyl amine is pyramidal. atoms.
671 (b)
O2 (8 + 8 = 16)
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑥1 ≈ 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑦1
10−6
Bond order = 2
=2
O+
2 (8 + 8 − 1 = 15)
10−5
Bond order= 2
= 2.5
666 (b) O−
2 (8 + 8 + 1 = 17),
 10−7
Bond order = = 1.5 Thus, hybridization is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 but geometry, due to
2
the presence of one pair, is square pyramidal, 𝑖𝑒
O2−
2 (8 + 8 + 2 = 18),
10−8
Bond order = 2
=1
Thus, bond order is maximum for O+ 2
672 (d)
Patom has 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization with one position
occupied by lone pair of electron.
685 (c)
673 (b)
(i)N2 (14 electrons)
A characteristic of resonance.
= 𝐾𝐾 ∗ , σ2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , π2𝑝𝑥2 ≈ π2𝑝𝑦2 , σ2𝑝𝑧2
674 (b) 1
Covalent compounds have lower m.p. and b.p. Bond Order = 2 (𝑁𝑏 − 𝑁𝑎 )
than ionic one. 1
= (8 − 2) = 3
676 (d) 2
It is a reason for given fact. (ii)N2+ (13 electrons)
677 (b) = 𝐾𝐾 ∗ , σ2𝑠 2 ,∗σ 2𝑠 2 , π2𝑝𝑥2 ≈ π2𝑝𝑦2 , σ2𝑝𝑧1
1
ClO− 3
3 has𝑠𝑝 -hybridization with one lone pair of Bond Order = 2 (7 − 2)= 2.5
electron. Since, bond dissociation energy ∝ bond order.
678 (d) Hence, bond dissociation energy of N2 is greater
Greater the stability of oxide, greater is the case of than that of the bond dissociation energy of N2+ .
its formation. Generally ionic oxides are more 686 (c)
stable than covalent oxides and among the given Bond angles in BeCl2 , NH3 , H2 O and SnCl2 are
metals only Ca form ionic oxide. Hence, Ca has 180, 107, 104.5 and 119 respectively. Also
greater tendency to form oxide. H2 S, H2 O, H2 Se has 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization and bond
679 (c) angles of hydrides decreases down the group.
Higher the charge/size ratio, more is the 687 (d)
polarising power. LiquidHCl does not from H-bonds
K + < 𝐶a2+ < 𝑀g 2+ < 𝐵e2+ 688 (a)
680 (d) O2 has two unpaired electrons but are paired in
He has 1𝑠 2 configuration. O2−
2 .
681 (a) 689 (b)
Water molecules has following structure In ethanol the oxygen of – OH group is bonded to
the 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised carbon by a sigma bond. The
C − O − H bond angle in ethanol is less than the
tetrahedral angle (109°, 28′′ ) due to larger
Therefore, there are 4 pairs of electrons (2 lone
repulsions between the lone pair of repulsions
pairs and 2-bond pairs) in the valence shell of O-
between the lone pairs of oxygen. Hence, it is 104°
atom in water molecule.
in ethanol.
682 (a)
Total electrons in valence shell of nitrogen and
hydrogen.

690 (c)
∴ Total electrons in NH3 =5+1+1+1=8
683 (d)
The electronic configuration of carbon is
1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝2 .
684 (c)
Number of hybrid orbitals= no. of bp + no. of 𝑙𝑝
=5+1=6
 Peroxide ion in O2− 2
O2−
2 (18) = σ1𝑠 2
, ∗ 2
σ 1𝑠 ,
2
σ 2𝑠 ,
∗ 2 2
σ 2𝑠 , σ2𝑝𝑧
π2𝑝𝑥2 = π2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗π 2𝑝𝑥2 = ∗
π 2𝑝𝑦
2

𝑁𝑏 −𝑁𝑎 10−8
Bond order = 2
= 2
=1
It contains four completely filled antibonding
molecular orbitals. Since, all the electrons are
paired, O2−
2 is diamagnetic.
Peroxide ion is isoelectronic with argon, not with
Acetonitrile does not contain 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised
neon.
carbon.
701 (b)
691 (b)
BF3 : 𝑠𝑝2 NO− 2 3 − 3
2 ∶ 𝑠𝑝 NH3 ∶ 𝑠𝑝 NH2 : 𝑠𝑝 H2 O ∶ 𝑠𝑝
3
The atomic radii decreases along the period and
702 (b)
increases down the gp.
Multiplicity in bonds decreases bond length.
692 (b)
703 (a)
SiO2possesses giant molecular structure due to
O2−
2 (Total number of electrons =18)
tetra valence and catenation nature of Si.
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
693 (d)
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦2
According to VSEPR theory the bond angle
decreases with increase in the size of the valence 704 (d)
shell of the central atom because electronegativity IF7
decreases. 𝑖. 𝑒., decreasing order of bond angles is
NH3 > 𝑃H3 > 𝐴𝑠H3 > 𝑆𝑏H3
694 (b)
Half-filled orbitals are more stable.
695 (a)
In BrF5 number of electrons = 6
(1 lp+5 bp)

So, the structure is supposed to be square

pyramidal but will be distorted because of
additional lp-bp interaction.
Additional lp-bp interaction reduced the all bond
angle and do not let any angle to be 90°.
696 (b)
Ionisation energy decreases down the group and
increases along the period.
697 (a)
Smaller is size of anion, lesser is its polarization,
more is ionic nature, more is lattice energy.
698 (c)
Among the given species, the bond dissociation
energy of C − O bond is minimum in case of CO2− 3
by which C − Obond become more weaker in
CO2− 2−
3 or the bond order of CO3 (1.33) is 705 (b)
minimum so, the bond become weaker In C2 , only 2𝜋 bonds are present
699 (a)
706 (b) Hydrogen bonding ∝ electronegativity
NH4+ has angle of 109 ͦ28′. 714 (c)
707 (b) Larger is anion, more is its polarization.
1 715 (c)
Cl (g) ⟶ Cl− (𝑎𝑞)
2 2 NaFis more ionic; F is smallest anion among all
1 and thus, least polarized.
∆𝐻 = ∆𝐻diss (Cl2 ) + ∆𝐻EA Cl + ∆𝐻hyd (Cl− )
2 716 (a)
240
= − 349 − 381
2
= −610 kJ mol−1
708 (b)
The position at which substituent is present, is Hence, In acetylene, there are 3 σ and 2 π bond.
called 𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑜-position. 717 (d)
+4 ionic state is not possible for head with iodide
because I − reduces Pb4+ to Pb2+.
718 (a)
The C − C bond length in 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation is
greater than 𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation due to large size of
𝑝-orbitals.
The hybridisation of 𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑜-carbon in In diamond 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation is present while in
chlorobenzene is 𝑠𝑝2 . graphite, naphthalene and fullerene 𝑠𝑝2
709 (c) hybridisation is present therefore the C − C bond
Electronegativity difference between N (3,0) and length is maximum in diamond.
Cl (3.0) is zero and hence, N − Cl bonds are non- 720 (d)
polar. As a result, the overall dipole moment of SiO2structure is definite.
NCl3 molecule and its direction is just the dipole 721 (a)
moment of the lone pair of electrons Mo Structure Hybr Lone
lec idisa pair
ule tion
of
centr
al
On the other hand, N − Br, (3.0 − 2.8), N − I(3.0 − atom
2.5) and N − H (3.0 − 2.1) are polar and hence, SF4 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 One
contribute towards the overall dipole moment of
the respective moleculas. Since, the EN difference
is higher in case of N − H bonds, therefore,
NH3 has the higher dipole moment
710 (c)
F
CHCl3molecule has largest dipole moment among
|
the given species. CF4
F−C−F
711 (d) 𝑠𝑝3 Zero
|
In O2 , there are two electrons in F
antibondingorbitals. Removal of one electron
from the O2 molecular gives O+ 2 in which the XeF4
number of antibonding electrons is one less and 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 Two
hence, BO increases. Thus, removal of the electron
from O2 stabilized the molecule
712 (a)
722 (a)
Mg 2+ is a smaller cation in these. Smaller is cation
We know that the shape of IF7 (molecule) is
more is hydration energy.
pentagonal bipyramidal because central atom I
713 (b)
 have 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 hybridisation. is present.
723 (a)
C − C bond length= 1.54 Å
C = C bond length= 1.34 Å
C ≡ Cbond length= 1.20° Å
Thus, correct decreasing order C to C bond
lengths is
IV > 𝐼𝐼𝐼 > 𝐼 > 𝐼𝐼 In I3− , I is central atom and it is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridised
724 (b) and on it three lone pair of electrons
Due to larger difference in electronegativity. are present.
725 (d)
Both O and S belong to same group but H2 O is a
liquid whileH2 S is a gas. This can be explained on
the basis of electronegativity. In water due to the
high electronegativity of oxygen hydrogen bonds
are formed. As a result the molecules of H2 O get
associate together, hence water exists as a liquid
at room temperature. On the other hand, the 730 (b)
electronegativity of S is less and therefore, Seven atoms of fluorine are covalently bonded
hydrogen bonding in H2 S is almost negligible. As a with iodine.
result of which molecules of H2 S are not 731 (c)
associated and H2 S exsists as a gas at room Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is found in
temperature. (HF)𝑛 due to higher electronegativity of fluorine
726 (d) atoms.
S = C = S.
727 (d)
The bond angles in 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝-hybridization
are 109 ͦ, 120 ͦ and 180 ͦ respectively. Hydrogen bonding is helpfull in the association of
728 (d) HF molecule, so HF is found in liquid form.
In ClO3 , Cl is central atom, it is 𝑠𝑝 hybrid and on 732 (c)
− 3

it one lone pair of electrons A species is said to be diamagnetic if it has all

(free pair of electrons ) is present. electrons paired
Sp El MO Magnetic
eci ect electronic behaviour
es ro configurati
ns on
H2− 3 𝜎1𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 1𝑠1 Paramagnetic
H2+ 1 𝜎1𝑠1 Paramagnetic
H2 2 𝜎1𝑠 2 Diamagnetic
He+2 3 𝜎1𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 1𝑠1 Paramagnetic
733 (b)
In XeF4 , Xe is central atom it is 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybrid and This give rise to polarity in bonds.
on it two lone pair of electrons 734 (c)
are present. First electron affinity is energy releasing process.
735 (b)
Li− ∶ 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 ; Be− ∶ 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝1 ;in Li, addition of
electron has taken place in 2s orbital; in Be− ,
addition of electron has taken place in 2𝑝 orbital
loosing its 2𝑠 completely filled configuration.
𝐸𝐴1 for Be is more positive than 𝐸𝐴1 for Li. Thus
3
In SF4 , S is central atom and 𝑠𝑝 𝑑-hybridised and Be− is least stable.
on it one lone pair of electrons 736 (d)
 Bond energy for C—C, N—N, H—H and O—Oare
:H—H > 𝐶—C > 𝑁—N > 𝑂—O.
737 (b)
The number of lone pair in XeOF4 is one (1). The
structure of XeOF4 is given as follows

742 (a)
Electronegativity difference in two atoms
involved in bonding is a measure of polarity in
molecule.
743 (c)
≡ C—has2σ-and 2π- (thus, 𝑠𝑝-hybridization);
−CH= has 3σ- and 1π- (thus, 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization).
Remember hybridized orbitals do not form π-
bonds.
744 (b)
Fhas 7 electrons in its valence shell. Thus, to
attain stability, it should have lost one electron.
738 (c)
745 (a)
BCl3 has six electrons in outer shell of boron atom.
In O2−
2 , 8 electrons are present in antibonding
739 (b)
orbitals
H2 Scontain only covalent bonds, as the π2p2 π∗ p2
electronegativity difference between H and S is σ1s 2 , σ*1s 2 , σ2s 2 , σ*2s 2 , σ2p2x [ y2 ] , [ ∗ y2 ]
π2pz π 2pz
only (2.6 – 2.1 = 0.5). 746 (a)
CH3+ possesses𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization.
747 (a)
No doubt NH3 and BF3 have 𝑠𝑝3 (pyramidal) and
740 (c) 𝑠𝑝2 (coplanar) hybridization respectively having
3
CCl4has𝑠𝑝 -hybridization giving regular one lone pair of electron on N atom which is
tetrahedron geometry. In others the geometry is responsible for pyramidal shape of NH3 inspite of
little distorted inspite of 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization due to 𝑠𝑝3 hybridization. However, as soon as it is
different atoms on the vertices of tetrahedron. coordinated to BF3 , both attain tetrahedral
741 (b) geometry and acquire 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization.
P undergoes 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation in PCl5 and it has 748 (b)
trigonal bipyramidal structure Nitrogen molecule has highest bond energy due to
presence of triple bond
749 (b)
P4 O6has following structure.
Thus, every P-atom is linked to 3 oxygen atoms.

Trigonalbipyramidal shape of PCl5

 P

O
O

Total number = 6⟶ 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2hybridisation

O O 759 (a)
P P Van der Waals’ forces increases in CH4 to give
solid CH4 .
760 (b)
As the number of lone pairs of electrons increases,
bond angle decreases. Thus, the order of bond
angle is
O P O
NH4+ > 𝑁H3 > 𝑁H2−
750 (d) (no 𝑙𝑝) (1 𝑙𝑝) (2𝑙𝑝)
Bond energy ∝ Bond order 761 (b)
751 (a) BeCl2 −𝑠𝑝, BF3 − 𝑠𝑝2 ; NH3−𝑠𝑝3 ; XeF2 −𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
In XeF6 , the oxidation state of Xe is +6. The shape 762 (a)
of XeF6 should be pentagonal bipyramid due to Cl − P − Clbond angles in PCl5 molecule are 120°
𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 hybridisation but due tothe presence of one and 90°. PCl5 , having 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridised P atom
lone pair at one trans position its shape becomes (trigonal bipyramidal geometry) has two types of
distorted octahedral. bonds; axial and equatorial. The two types of
bond have different bond lengths 1, 2, 3 and 4
equatorial bonds and 4, 5 axial bonds.
Cl

Cl

2
752 (a)
1
CN − and NO+both have same number of electrons Cl P

and same bond order (3). 3

753 (b)
1 4
Bond length ∝ Cl
bond order
754 (c) Cl

𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization leads to tetrahedral geometry. 763 (b)

756 (b) Both BF4− and NH4+ have 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridisation and
Alkali metals are most electropositive elements. therefore possess tetrahedral geometry.
757 (b) NF3 : 𝑠𝑝3 BCl3 : 𝑠𝑝2
Anions are always larger than parent atom; BF3 : 𝑠𝑝2 BrCl3 : 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑
cations are always lesser than parent atom. BF4− : 𝑠𝑝3 NH3 : 𝑠𝑝3
758 (c) NH4+ : 𝑠𝑝3 NO− 3 : 𝑠𝑝
2

764 (a)
Each possesses 18 electrons.
Total number = 4⟶ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation
766 (d)
He+ −
2 (B. O. = 0.5) < O2 (B. O. = 1.5)
< 𝑁𝑂(B. O. = 2.5) < C22− (B. O.
= 3.0)
Total number = 5⟶ 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑hybridisation 768 (d)
In SO3 molecules, S-atom remains 𝑠𝑝2 hybrid,
hence, it has trigonal planar structure
 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation

769 (d)
BCl3 = 3σ bonds+0𝑙𝑝 of𝑒 − = 3 ⟹
𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation
NCl3 = 3σ bonds+1𝑙𝑝 of𝑒 − = 4 ⟹
771 (b)
N is 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridized in NO−
3.
772 (d)
The ionic radius increases down the group.
773 (b)
The formula of 𝑀𝑋3 shows the presence of
3σbonds. Since, it has T-shape geometry, it must
contain 2 lone pairs as
783 (a)
P4 O10 is

774 (a)
Except NO− (16 electrons), rest all have 14
electrons.
776 (c)
Ethyl alcohol forms stronger H-bonds than
ethylamine or ammonia due to greater 784 (b)
electronegativity of oxygen than nitrogen atom. The Born-Haber cycle takes place as follows
Diethyl ether, however, does not form H-bonds
since , it does not have a H-atom attached to O-
atom.
778 (c)
Carbon in CO2 has 𝑠𝑝-hybridization.
779 (c)
In both CH4 and CCl4, 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation is present
and both have tetrahedral geometry.
781 (a)
As the 𝑠-character increases in hybrid orbitals,
bond energy increases, size of the hybridized Hence, 𝑍 is𝑀+ 𝑋 − (𝑠)
orbital decreases. 𝑠-characters in 𝑠𝑝, 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 785 (a)
are 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 respectively. S atom is larger in size than O and F.
782 (b) 786 (d)
NH4 Clcontains ionic, covalent and coordinate N2 (7 + 7 = 14) = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
linkage. ≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2
10−4
Bond order = 2 = 3
N2+ (7 + 7 − 1 = 13)
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝜋1 (paramagnetic)
 Bond order =
9−4
= 2.5 Both NH4+ and BF4− have 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization.
2
Since, 𝑁2+ has less bond, then N − Nbond gets 793 (a)
NH3 molecule has three fold axis of symmetry
weak
O2 (8 + 8 = 16) because it has 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation but due to
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 presence of one lone pair of electron it has
pyramidal structure.
≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑥1 ≈ 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑦1
10−6 794 (b)
Bond order = 2
=2 Basic character of hydrides decreases down the
O+
2 (8 + 8 − 1 = 15) gp.
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 795 (b)
≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝𝑥1 NO is paramagnetic in nature
Bond order =
10−5
= 2.5 796 (d)
2
Cation radius increases down the group.
Thus, in the formation of O+
2 from
797 (a)
O2 , paramagnetism decreases but the bond order
According to Born-lande equation
increases
𝑍 + 𝑍 − 𝑒 2 An 1
787 (a) 𝑈= ( − 1)
𝑟node 𝑛
In an antibonding molecular orbital, most of the
Where , U is lattice energy
electron density is located away from the space
𝑟node is interionic distance
between the nuclei, as a result of which there is a
1
nodal plane (𝑖. 𝑒., a plane at which the electron ∵𝑈∝
interionic disance
density is zero) between the nuclei.
∴ Ions should be of small size to have high lattice
energy.
798 (d)
Dipole moment of CH3 OH is maximum in these.
799 (b)
788 (d) Intermolecular H-bonding gives rise to an
Speci Hybridisa Lone Bondin increase in b.p.
es tion of Xe pair on g pairs 800 (b)
Xe H3 BO3 has structure
(a) XeO3 𝑠𝑝3 1 3
(b) XeF4 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 2 4
(c) XeF6 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 1 6
(d) XeF2 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 3 2
(Max.)
789 (b)
Boiling point of HF is highest due to H-bonding.
For other halogen acids boiling point increase in
Boron has three bonds thus
the order HCl < 𝐻𝐵𝑅 < 𝐻𝐼. Therefore, most 2
𝑠𝑝 hybrdised. Each oxygen has two bonds and two lone pa
volatile (with Lower b.pt.) is HCl.
801 (d)
790 (b)
Species having same hybridisation show similar
The MO electronic configuration of
geometry.
O−2 (8 + 8 + 1 = 17)
SO2−
4 :Hybridisation of S ⟶ 𝑠𝑝
3
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
2 ∗ 2 ∗ 1 ClO− 4 :Hybridisation of Cl ⟶ 𝑠𝑝
3
≈ 𝜋2𝑝𝑦, 𝜋 2𝑝𝑥, ≈ 𝜋 2𝑝𝑦
𝑁 802 (c)
Bond order = 𝑏−𝑁 2
𝑎
Anions are larger in size than their parent atom.
10 − 7 803 (c)
= = 1.5
2 Na+andCl− are formed.
791 (d) 804 (b)
Multiplicity in bonds decreases bond lengths. : −CH3 has 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation.
792 (a)
 electrons, which are filled in such a way that all
molecular orbitals are fully filled, so diamagnetic.
𝜎1𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥2 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦2
815 (a)
805 (c) Water is an universal solvent.
Glycerol and ethanol both have intermolecular 816 (a)
hydrogen bonding but in glycerol According to Fajan’s rule, as the charge on cation
(CH2 OH. CHOH. CH2 OH) hydrogen bonds per increase its size decreases. As a result its
molecule is more than ethanol (C2 H5 OH). It tendency to polarise anion increases. This brings
increases attraction between the molecules and more and more covalent character to
hence, glycerol is more viscous than ethanol. electrovalent compounds.
806 (a) ∵ AmongAlCl3 , LaCl3 , MgCl2 andCsClsize ofAl3+ is
Larger anion is more polarised. smallest.
807 (a) ∴ Al3+ polarises anion to highest extent.
In ∗𝜋2𝑃𝑥 orbital, two nodal planes are present. ∴ AlCl3 has maximum covalent character.
808 (d) 817 (a)
Hydrogen bond is formed between molecules of C6 H6has regular hexagonal geometry.
compounds having O, F and N with H. 818 (c)
SF6 has six S−F bonds.
819 (a)
Resonating structure can be written only for such
molecules in which multiple bonds are presents,
𝑒g, O3

820 (d)
According to Born-Haber cycle the enthalpy of
formation (∆𝐻𝑓 ) of an ionic compound may be
∵ H2 Sdoes not have O, F or N. given as
∴ It does not form hydrogen bond. 1
∆𝐻𝑓 = 𝑆 + 𝐷 + 𝐼 + 𝐸 + 𝑈
810 (a) 2
Where, I = ionisation energy
NaF has maximum melting point, melting point
S = sublimation energy
decreases with increases in size of halide ion and
E = electron affinity
their bond energy get lower
D = dissociation energy
811 (a)
U = lattice energy of compound
𝑠-orbitals never go for lateral overlapping
Born-Haber cycle is used to determine the lattice
because of non-directional nature.
energy of the compound. It also may be used to
812 (d)
calculate electron affinity of an element.
The metallic character is found in iodine as well as
821 (c)
in astatine (At). Note that metallic character
Element 𝐶 has electronic structure 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝5 ,it
increases down the group.
requires only one electron to complete its octet
813 (b)
and it will form anion so it will form electrovalent
Ionization energy increases along the period and
bond
decreases down the group. Also (b) has
822 (a)
[Ne]3𝑠 2 , 3𝑝3 , 𝑖. 𝑒., half filled configuration, being
Hatom has 1𝑠1 configuration. Shielding effect is
more stable and thus, have high ionization energy.
property of penultimate shell electrons.
814 (a)
823 (b)
The correct option is O2− 2 . This species has 18
 NO+
2 : The species is linear with 𝑠𝑝-hybridisation. between lone pair and bond pair of electrons).

NO− 2
3 : The species is trigonal planar with 𝑠𝑝 -
hybridisation.

838 (b)
Cl2 involves3𝑝 − 3𝑝 overlapping.
839 (b)
NH4+ : The species is tetrahedral with 𝑠𝑝3 -
Only Sulphur has 𝑑-orbitals.
hybridisation.
840 (c)
ClO− 3
4 has𝑠𝑝 -hybridization on Cl atom.
841 (d)
Due to dipole moment intermolecular forces of
attraction becomes stronger and thus,
liquefaction becomes easier.
824 (d) 842 (d)
+
Both C and N have six electrons. sp3 𝑑-hybridisation leads to trigonal bipyramidal
825 (a) geometry if no lone pair is present, 𝑒.g. , PCl5 ; in
According to Fajans’ rule, polarization of anion is ClF3 geometry is T-shaped due to the presence of
influenced by charge of cation, size of cation. More two lone pair of electron. In XeF2 , geometry is
is the charge on cation, more is polarization of linear due to the presence of three lone pair of
anion. electrons.
826 (b) 843 (a)
Smaller cation causes more polarization of anion. Due to the presence of lone pair on N atom.
827 (a) 844 (a)
1 B2 : Total electrons = 10
Bond order = [no. of bonding electrons-no. of
2
Configuration : σ1𝑠 2 ∗σ 1𝑠 2 σ2𝑠 2 ∗σ 2𝑠 2 π2𝑝𝑥1 =
antibonding electron]
π2𝑝𝑦1
828 (c)
Pauling work on chemical bonding. If Hund’s rule is violated, then
829 (a) σ1𝑠 2 ∗σ 1𝑠 2 σ2𝑠 2 ∗σ 2𝑠 2 π2𝑝𝑥2 = π2𝑝𝑦0
All have linear structure So, diamagnetic
6−4
O = C = O, Cl − Hg − Cl, H − C ≡ C − H Bond order = 2 = 1
830 (d) 845 (a)
A characteristic of metallic bonding. Bonding molecular orbitals possess lower energy
831 (a) levels than antibonding orbitals.
Due to larger differences in electronegativity. 846 (a)
833 (b) Be2+ is smallest and Na+ has largest radius.
3 3
SF4 has𝑠𝑝 𝑑 –hybridization. Rest all have 𝑠𝑝 - 847 (b)
hybridization. Hydrogen bond is strongest in HF due to higher
834 (a) electronegativity of F.
NO has 15 electrons. 848 (d)
835 (d) The structure of H2 O is angular V-shape and has
Ti+has 21 electrons in it. Rest all have 10 𝑠𝑝3 - hybridisation and bond angle is 105°. Its
electrons. dipole moment value is positive or more than
836 (a) zero.
O−2 has one unpaired electron.
837 (a)
Structure of ammonia is pyramidal (Distorted
from tetrahedral to pyramidal due to repulsion But in BeF2 , structure is linear due to 𝑠𝑝-
 hybridisation (μ = 0). Thus, due to μ > 0, H2 O is
dipolar and due to μ = 0, BeF2 is non-polar.
849 (d)
These are factors on which effective nuclear
charge depends.
850 (a)
5(on P) + 4(on H)−1=8.
851 (b) 859 (c)
Phosphoric acid has 3 – OH groups, which are N atom in NH3 provides electron pair to H + to
involved in hydrogen bonding . form coordinate or dative bond (H3 N → H).
The type of hydrogen bonding, found , is 861 (d)
intermolecular. Due to this, it is syrupy. Due to H-bonding, 𝑉ice > 𝑉water.
852 (c) 862 (b)
The bond angles areH2 SNH3 SiH4 BF3 The covalent compounds have low melting point
92.6 ͦ 107 ͦ 109 ͦ28′ 120 ͦ due to weaker forces of attraction among them as
853 (b) compared to strong forces of attraction in ionic
The metals have low ionization energy. In a piece compounds.
of metal many free electrons are found which ∵ HCl is covalent compound among CsF, HCl HF
move form one atom to other. The presence of and Li
mobile electrons or oscillation of loose electrons (CsF, HF and LiF are ionic compounds)
are responsible for metallic lusture. ∴ HCl has minimum boiling point.
854 (c) 863 (b)
1
Same spin electrons in two atoms do not take part (i) Hybridisation =2 (no. of 𝑒 − in valence shell of
in bonding. central atom + no. of monovalent atoms + charge
855 (b) on anion – charge on cation)
Molecule Hybridisation
SO3 𝑠𝑝2 (ii) Shape or geometry of molecule depends on
C2 H2 𝑠𝑝 lone pair and bond pair of electrons present in it.
C2 H4 𝑠𝑝2
CH4 𝑠𝑝3 Hybridisation of
CO2 𝑠𝑝
1
Hence, the hybrid state of S in SO3 is similar to N in NH3 = 2 (5 + 3 + 0 − 0) = 4
that of C in C2 H4 .
856 (d) ∴ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation.
IO− 3
3 , XeO3 , (𝑠𝑝 hybridisation)pyramidal
PF6− , SF6 (𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 ) octahedral ∵ It has 3 bond pair and 1 lone pair of electrons,
so it has distorted tetrahedron shape.
BH4− ,NH4+ , SiF4 (𝑠𝑝3 )tetrahedral
CO2− 2
3 (𝑠𝑝 ) trigonal planar 864 (d)
− 2
NO3 (𝑠𝑝 ) trigonal planar 24. The bond angle decreases with decrease
SF4 (𝑠𝑝3 𝑑)𝑠𝑒𝑒 − 𝑠𝑎𝑤 in electronegativity. It results in decrease
Hence, SiF4 and SF4 are not isostructural (same in repulsion between bond pair-bond pair
structure). electrons and bond angle becomes
857 (b) smaller.
PCl3 has 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridisation and possesses one
lone pair on P-atom and three bond pair of 25. Between NH 3 andH2 O, H2 O has smaller
electron bond angle due to presence of two lone
pair of electrons causing more repulsion
among electrons as compared of NH 3
which has only one lone pair of electron.

Hydrides
 NH 3 H2 O H2 S H2 Se H2 Te Percentage ionic character
observed dipole moment
Bond angles = × 100
theoretical value of dipole moment
107° 105° 92° 91° 90° 1.03
= × 100 = 16.83%
6.12
H2 Tehas smallest bond angle.
874 (b)
865 (a) Double bond involves the sharing of two electron
In ionic solids, ions exist at lattice points. In pairs or four electrons.
covalent solids atoms lie at lattice points. 875 (b)
866 (c) There are 16 P − O bonds in P4 O10.
In structure (c), all the atoms have complete octet. 876 (a)
Thus, it is the correct representation of carbon Difference of electronegativity > 1.7 produces
suboxide ionic compound.
867 (b) 877 (a)
Smaller is atom, more is energy needed to remove It is a concept.
electron, 𝑖. 𝑒., ionisation energy. Also removal of 878 (a)
two electrons needs more energy. Low ionisation potential indicates that element
868 (d) can easily lose electron to form cation.
Born-Haber cycle inter-relates the various energy 879 (d)
terms involved in ionic bonding. Ionic compounds having lattice energy higher
869 (a) than hydration energy are insoluble in water.
BF3 (𝑠𝑝2 ), NO− 2 − 3 3 880 (a)
2 (𝑠𝑝 ), NH2 (𝑠𝑝 )and H2 O(𝑠𝑝 ).
870 (c) Removal of electron is easier in 𝑓-block elements
𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation Tetrahedron due to more shielding.
molecule 881 (d)
𝑑𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation Square planar Metals and non-metals combine to complete their
molecule octet. Since, non-metals have lack of electrons, in
𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation Trigonal order to complete their octet, they gain electrons,
bipyramidal molecule consequently, the size of non-metal atom will
𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 or𝑑2 𝑠𝑝3 Octahedron increase.
molecule Metal + Non − metal ⟶ Electrovalent bond
hybridisation (Na+ )(Cl) NaCl
871 (b) 882 (d)
These are characteristics of hydration.
883 (c)
Molecules or ion having no unpaired electrons are
diamagnetic, 𝑒. 𝑔.,
Total number of unshared electrons = 4 × 4 = 16 Li2 = 6𝑒 − = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2
872 (d) 884 (a)
Ionisation energy order is B < 𝐶 < 𝑂 < 𝑁. Given electronic configuration of anion X is
873 (d) 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
Given, = 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥1
observed dipole moment = 1.03 D ∴ Total number of electrons of anion X = 15
Bond length of HCl molecule, d = 1.275 Å Hence, the anion Xis N2− .
= 1.275 × 10−8 cm 885 (a)
− −10
Charge of electron, 𝑒 = 4.8 × 10 esu Small cation causes more polarization in anion.
Percentage ionic character = ? Also larger anions are easily polarized by a cation.
Theoretical value of dipole moment = 𝑒 × 𝑑 More is polarization of anion, more is covalent
= 4.8 × 10−10 × 1.275 × 10−8esu.cm character.
= 6.12 × 10−18esu.cm 886 (c)
= 6.12 D Hydrogen bonding is responsible for their
 solubility. 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 ), ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑥1 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦1 )
887 (a) ∵ O2 molecule has unpaired electrons.
Nehas van der Waals radius larger than covalent ∴ O2 molecule is paramagnetic.
radius of fluorine. 901 (c)
888 (c) C2 , N2 andF2 has no unpaired electron in their
As the number of unpaired electrons (lone pair of molecular orbital configuration.
electrons) increases, bond angle decreases. Thus, 902 (d)
the decreasing order of bond angle is IPof inert gases is maximum.
Species :NO+ 2 > 𝑁O2 > NO2
−
903 (d)
Bond angle: 180° 135° 115° Culoses two electron to form Cu2+ .
889 (a) 905 (a)
Dipole moment of CH4 = 0. O+ −
2 (15 𝑒 )
890 (b) 2
= 𝐾𝐾 ∗ (𝜎2𝑠)2 ( ∗ 2 2
𝜎 2𝑠) (𝜎2𝑝𝑥 ) , (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )
Each has 22 electrons. 1
891 (d) = (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )2 ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦 ) = ( ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑧 )0
1
CS2is linear having zero dipole moment. Hence, bond order = 2 (10 − 5) = 2.5
892 (a) 2
N2+ (13 𝑒 − ) = 𝐾𝐾 ∗ (𝜎2𝑠)2 ( ∗𝜎 2𝑠)2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )
Atomic radius decreases along the period,
= (𝜋2𝑝𝑧 )2 , (𝜎2𝑝𝑥 )1
increases down the group. 1
894 (b) Hence, Bond order = 2 (9 − 4) = 2.5
In NH3 , the N atom contains a one lone pair of 906 (b)
electrons and three bond pairs in its valence shell. In XeF5+ , Xe atom has only seven electrons ,𝑖. 𝑒.,
So, it shows 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation. Due to presence of 5𝑠 2 5𝑝5. Here two 5p electrons are promoted to
one lone pair of electron, its shape deviates from 5d-sublevel. Then 5s, three 5p and two 5dorbitals
tetrahedral because lone pair shows more hybridize to give six 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 hybrid orbitals in an
repulsion than bond pairs. octahedral geometry. Out of these five orbitals are
As singly occupied which form sigma bonds with five
𝑙𝑝 – 𝑙𝑝 > 𝑙𝑝 − 𝑏𝑝 > 𝑏𝑝 − 𝑏𝑝 F atoms. The sixth hybrid orbital is occupied by a
So, its shape is pyramidal and angle 107°. lone pair in 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 position giving a square
895 (d) pyramid structure.
The 𝐾𝑠𝑝 value of CuS is less than ZnS and thus, ZnS 907 (d)
is more soluble. Also sodium salts are highly HOMO, means highest occupied molecular orbital
soluble in water. and in CO (14 electron ion ),𝜎 bonding molecular
896 (c) orbital in HOMO
Both carbon atoms have 2σ-and 2π-bonds. CO = 𝜎1𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2
897 (b) = 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝓏2
1debye = 10−18 esu. 909 (c)
898 (c) Sulphur is 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised in SO2 .
Low ionisation energy indicates that electron can 𝑆 = 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 3𝑝4 3𝑑0
be easily lost and cation formation is easier.
899 (b)
The paramagnetic species has unpaired electron
in it.
(a)H2 = 1 + 1 = 𝜎1𝑠 2
(b)N2 = 7 + 7 = 14 =
Due to 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridisation and presence of one lone
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2
pair of electronsSO2 has angular geometry.
(c)CO = 6 + 8 = 14 =
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 = 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2
(d)O2 = 8 + 8 = 16 =
Among N2 O, CO2 and CO, all have 𝑠𝑝-
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 , (𝜋2𝑝𝑥2 =
hybridisation.
910 (c) The three fluoride atoms lie at the corners of an
Coordinate bonding involves sharing of an equilateral triangle with boron at the centre.
electron pair provided by a donor to acceptor Thus, the vectorial addition of the dipole
atom. moments of the three bonds gives a net sum of
911 (a) zero.
In the structure of P4 O10 , each phosphorus atom is
covalently linked with three oxygen atoms and
each oxygen atom is bonded to two phosphorus
atoms. Each phosphorus atom is also linked with
an additional oxygen atom with the help of a 920 (c)
coordinate linkage by lone pair of electron Bond order ∝ Stability
present on P atom. Hence, for a stable molecule the value of bond
order must be positive. When bond order is zero
the molecule will not exist.
921 (b)
Follow Fajans’ rule.
922 (b)
It is a fact.
923 (a)
In PCl3 and POCl3 , P atom is 𝑠𝑝3 -hybridized.
924 (c)
Square planar geometry has 𝑑𝑠𝑝2 -hybridisation.
925 (c)
Both BrO− 3
3 and XeO3 have 𝑠𝑝 -hybridisation and
912 (d)
one lone pair of electron.
H2 C = C = CH2 or
926 (a)
Allene(C3 H4 )
HF and CH3 OH shows intermolecular hydrogen
HH
bonding.
||
927 (d)
H−C=C=C−H
During hydration of ions in aqueous solution,
It has 2 double and 4 single bonds
there exists an attractive force between ions and
913 (b)
water molecules, which are polar in nature and
CsClis ionic.
acts as dipole. So, hydrogen of ions in aqueous
914 (c)
solution is an example ion-dipole interaction.
In NaOH, Na+andOH − ions are bonded together
928 (c)
by ionic bond while in OH − ion oxygen and
According to Fajan’s rule, largest cation and
hydrogen atoms are bonded together by covalent
smallest ions form ionic bond
bond Na+ [O − H]− .
929 (d)
915 (d)
Phosphorus atom is 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised in 𝑃4 usually.
Effective nuclear charge increases in this order.
Therefore, p-character 75%
917 (d)
930 (c)
AgBrhas higher lattice energy.
Na+is cation; Cl− , PO3−
4 are anion.
918 (c)
931 (c)
74 198
rH = = 37pm, rCl = = 99pm. Ionisation energy decreases down the group.
2 2
B.L. of HCl ≈ rH + rCl 932 (d)
919 (b) The characteristics to be observed during removal
A symmetrical molecule have zero dipole of II electron.
moment. The dipole moment of BF3 molecule is 933 (c)
zero due to its symmetrical (triangular planar) 1.(N2 ⟶ (σ1𝑠)2 (∗σ 1𝑠)2 (σ2𝑠)2 ( ∗σ 2𝑠)2
structure.
(σ2𝑝𝑧 )2 (π2𝑝𝑥 )2 (π2𝑝𝑦 )2
 N2+ ⟶ (𝜎1𝑠)2 (∗𝜎 1𝑠)2 (𝜎2𝑠)2 ( ∗
𝜎 2𝑠)
2
PCl5 = 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑(Trigonal pyramidal)
IF7 = 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑3 (Pentagonal bipyramidal)
(𝜎2𝑝𝑧 )2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑥 )2 (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 )1 H3 O+ = 𝑠𝑝3 (Pyramidal)
ClO2 = 𝑠𝑝2 (Angular)bond length are shorter than
1.𝑂2 ⟶ (𝜎1𝑠)2 (∗𝜎 1𝑠)2 (𝜎2𝑠)2 ( ∗
𝜎 2𝑠)
2
(𝜎2𝑝𝑧 )2
single bond due to resonance.
(𝜎2𝑝𝑥 )2 (𝜎2𝑝𝑦 )2 ( ∗
2𝑝𝑥 )1 ( ∗
2𝑝𝑦 )
1 NH4+ = 𝑠𝑝3 (Tetrahedral)
𝜋 𝜋

O+ 2 ∗ 2 2
2 ⟶ (𝜎1𝑠) (𝜎 1𝑠) (𝜎2𝑠) (
∗
𝜎 2𝑠)
2
(2𝑝𝑧 )2
946 (d)
2
(𝜋2𝑝𝑥 ) (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 ) 2( ∗
𝜋 2𝑝𝑥 )1 B in BF3 has 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridization.
947 (c)
Since , 𝜋2𝑝𝑥 and 𝜋2𝑝𝑦 are nearly same in energy, In metallic bonds, the valence shell electrons are
delocalised and shared between many atoms.
the electrons can be removed from (𝜋2𝑝𝑦 or 𝜋2𝑝𝑥 )
These delocalised electrons allow the metal atoms
∗ ∗ to slide past one another without being subjected
and ( 𝜋2𝑝𝑦 or𝜋2𝑝𝑥 ) respectively.
strong repulsive forces. The malleability and
934 (b) ductility of metals is due to this sliding capacity of
Both possess 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 configuration. the delocalised electrons.
936 (d) 948 (b)
The resultant dipole in regular tetrahedron is CH3 − CH2 − NH2
zero. 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝3
937 (c) CH3 − CH = CH2
Smaller the size of cation, more is ionic character, 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝2
more is attraction among ions. O
938 (c) ||
Given ionic charge = 4.8 × 10−10 e.s.u. and ionic CH3 − C − NH2
distance = 1Å = 10−8 cm. We know that dipole 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝3
moment = Ionic charge × ionic distance CH3 − CH2 − C ≡ N
= (4.8 × 10−10 ) × 10−8 𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝
= 4.8 × 10−18 e. s. u. per cm 949 (a)
= 4.8debye. A reason for given fact.
939 (d) 950 (c)
As the 𝑠-character increases in hybridised
orbitals, its electronegativity increases.
𝑠𝑝𝑠𝑝2 𝑠𝑝3
𝑠-character 50% 33.3% 25%
940 (d)
PCl3 andAsCl3 have 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation and PF5 has
𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation. Hence, in group of PCl3 , AsCl3
and PF5 all do not have 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑 hybridisation. Benzene nitrile contains 13σ and 5π bonds.
942 (d) 951 (d)
Each has 18 electrons. During melting of SiO2 , the gient network
943 (b) structure held by covalent bonds breaks to give
Alkali metals are always univalent. individual molecules ofSiO2 . In contrast, during
944 (c) boiling of H2 O only change of state occurs from
XeF4 has𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2-hybridized Xe atom having two liquid to gaseous; during melting of KCN,
lone pair of electrons and thus, octahedral electrostatic attraction between K + and CN − ions
geometry changes to square planar due to lone is overcome ; during boiling of CF4 , van der Waals’
pair effect. forces of attraction breaks
945 (d) 952 (b)
 Ethyl alcohol C2 H5 OH is soluble in water due to H- Valency +3 -2
bonding. Therefore, Al3 (SO4 )3 is compound of Al3+
andSO2− 4 .
On comparing, x=2
Hence, formula of potash alum is
= K 2 SO4 . Al2 (SO4 )3 . 24H2 O
964 (d)
For KO2 , O− 2 has unpaired electron so, it is
953 (b)
paramagnetic.
Only 𝑝-orbitals give rise to σ-bond (head on
O−2 (17)
overlapping) and π-bond (lateral overlapping).
𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2 , (𝜎2𝑝𝑦2 = 𝜎2𝑝𝑧2 ),
954 (b)
∗ 2 ∗ 1
HClandAlCl3 are covalent but give ions in solution. 𝜋 2𝑝𝑦 = 𝜋 2𝑝𝑧

955 (b) 965 (c)

As a result of more overlapping. Note that π- HClexists as H δ+ — Clδ− due to difference in
bonds are formed after σ-has already formed. electronegativity of H and Cl.
956 (b) 966 (b)
(a) NH3 + H + ⟶ NH4+ Outer shell electrons are referred as valence
(3bp + 1lp) (4𝑏𝑝 ⟹ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation) electrons.
⟹ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation) 967 (d)
(b) BF3 + F − ⟶ BF4− Bond order ∝ stability
(3bp + 𝑠𝑝2 hybridisation) Species Bond order
+
(4𝑏𝑝 ⟹ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation) O2 2.5
(c) H2 O + H + ⟶ H3 O+ O2 2.0
−
(2bp + 2lp (3bp + 1lp O2 1.5
⟹ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation)⟹ 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation) Hence, the order of stability is
(d) CH ≡ CH + 2H2 ⟶ CH3 − CH3 O+2 > O2 > O2
−

sp sp𝑠𝑝3 𝑠𝑝3 968 (c)

Hence, reaction given in option (b) involves the Diamond is hard, graphite is soft.
change of hybridisation from 𝑠𝑝2 to𝑠𝑝3 . 969 (a)
957 (c) IF5 is square pyramid (𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2 -hybridisation in I);
Lattice energy of BaSO4 is appreciable high and PCl5 is trigonal bipyramid (𝑠𝑝3 𝑑-hybridisation in
predominates over hydration energy. P).
958 (a) 970 (d)
XeinXeOF4 has 𝑠𝑝3 𝑑2-hybridization having one Characteristics of bond order concept.
lone pair on Xe atom. 971 (c)
960 (c) M.θ. configuration of O2 is
Due to back bonding in BF3 . σ1𝑠 2 , σ∗ 1𝑠 2 , σ2𝑠 2 , σ∗ 2𝑠 2 , σ2𝑝2 , π2𝑝𝑥2 , π2𝑝𝑦2 , π∗ 2𝑝𝑥1 , π∗ 2𝑝𝑦1
961 (c) .
972 (b)
Bond energy of Cl2 is highest among all halogen
molecules. B.E. of F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2 are 37, 58, 46 and
C = Cis𝑠𝑝3 -hybridization and C ≡ N is 𝑠𝑝- 36 kcal mol−1 respectively.
hybridized. 974 (a)
962 (c) Bond length ∝ Bond order
1

Electron affinity order for halogens is Cl > 𝐹 >

NO− = 16𝑒 −
𝐵𝑟 > 𝐼.
= 𝜎1𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 1𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑠 2 , ∗𝜎 2𝑠 2 , 𝜎2𝑝𝑥2 , 𝜋2𝑝𝑦2
963 (c)
= 𝜋2𝑝𝑧2 , ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑦1 = ∗𝜋 2𝑝𝑧1
Potash alum is a double salt.
𝑁𝑏− 𝑁𝑎
Potash alum, K 2 SO4 . Alx (SO4 )3 . 24H2 O (given) BO =
2
Ions AlSO4
 10 − 6 Number of σ bonds in 1-butene are 11.
= =2
2 977 (b)
Similarly BO of NO+ will be calculated as NO− 2
3 has𝑠𝑝 -hybridization and possesses coplanar
NO+ = 14𝑒 − or equilateral triangular geometry.
10−4
BO = 2 = 3 978 (b)
CN − = 14𝑒 − , BO = 3 CCl4involves two non-metals C and Cl and thus,
9−4 bonding is covalent. CaH2 is an ionic compound as
CN + = 13𝑒 − , BO = = 2.5
2 it involves alkaline earth metal.
Bond order is least for NO− . So, its bond length is 979 (c)
highest. CaOis basic oxide.
975 (c)
CsBr3 ⟶ Cs + + Br3−
976 (c)
HHHH
||||
H−C = C−C−C−H
||
HH
1) b 2) b 3) b 4) d 201) c 202) c 203) b 204) c
5) b 6) b 7) b 8) a 205) d 206) a 207) d 208) c
9) b 10) b 11) c 12) b 209) a 210) a 211) d 212) c
13) c 14) a 15) a 16) d 213) b 214) d 215) c 216) c
17) b 18) c 19) a 20) c 217) a 218) b 219) c 220) b
21) b 22) a 23) c 24) d 221) b 222) c 223) b 224) c
25) c 26) d 27) b 28) a 225) d 226) a 227) c 228) a
29) c 30) a 31) a 32) a 229) c 230) b 231) a 232) a
33) b 34) d 35) a 36) a 233) d 234) d 235) a 236) c
37) c 38) c 39) b 40) c 237) c 238) d 239) b 240) c
41) b 42) d 43) b 44) c 241) c 242) c 243) a 244) c
45) b 46) a 47) c 48) d 245) c 246) d 247) c 248) b
49) a 50) c 51) c 52) d 249) c 250) b 251) d 252) b
53) a 54) c 55) c 56) b 253) a 254) c 255) b 256) b
57) a 58) b 59) c 60) a 257) b 258) d 259) b 260) c
61) a 62) a 63) c 64) c 261) a 262) b 263) b 264) d
65) a 66) a 67) c 68) c 265) b 266) a 267) d 268) d
69) c 70) a 71) a 72) b 269) b 270) c 271) d 272) b
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89) d 90) a 91) a 92) c 289) b 290) a 291) c 292) b
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137) a 138) c 139) c 140) c 337) d 338) b 339) b 340) d
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145) d 146) c 147) a 148) a 345) b 346) c 347) d 348) d
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153) c 154) c 155) d 156) d 353) b 354) c 355) b 356) d
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177) d 178) c 179) a 180) c 377) a 378) d 379) b 380) d
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189) b 190) a 191) b 192) c 389) b 390) a 391) c 392) a
193) d 194) c 195) d 196) a 393) a 394) c 395) c 396) c
197) b 198) d 199) d 200) b 397) b 398) d 399) d 400) a
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405) d 406) c 407) b 408) b 609) d 610) c 611) c 612) c
409) b 410) b 411) c 412) b 613) c 614) b 615) a 616) d
413) c 414) d 415) d 416) b 617) c 618) c 619) c 620) b
417) c 418) a 419) c 420) b 621) d 622) a 623) b 624) c
421) d 422) c 423) d 424) c 625) d 626) d 627) b 628) a
425) a 426) c 427) c 428) b 629) a 630) b 631) a 632) c
429) b 430) c 431) d 432) a 633) b 634) a 635) c 636) d
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437) b 438) c 439) b 440) b 641) c 642) b 643) a 644) a
441) b 442) c 443) a 444) b 645) a 646) b 647) c 648) d
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449) b 450) c 451) a 452) b 653) a 654) b 655) c 656) b
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457) c 458) b 459) d 460) d 661) c 662) a 663) a 664) b
461) b 462) a 463) c 464) c 665) a 666) b 667) b 668) d
465) a 466) d 467) d 468) a 669) d 670) c 671) b 672) d
469) d 470) d 471) d 472) a 673) b 674) b 675) c 676) d
473) b 474) b 475) c 476) a 677) b 678) d 679) c 680) d
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481) b 482) c 483) d 484) b 685) c 686) c 687) d 688) a
485) c 486) b 487) b 488) a 689) b 690) c 691) b 692) b
489) c 490) b 491) d 492) a 693) d 694) b 695) a 696) b
493) c 494) b 495) c 496) b 697) a 698) c 699) a 700) d
497) c 498) b 499) c 500) d 701) b 702) b 703) a 704) d
501) d 502) b 503) b 504) b 705) b 706) b 707) b 708) b
505) c 506) b 507) c 508) c 709) c 710) c 711) d 712) a
509) c 510) b 511) d 512) a 713) b 714) c 715) c 716) a
513) b 514) d 515) d 516) b 717) d 718) a 719) d 720) d
517) a 518) d 519) a 520) c 721) a 722) a 723) a 724) b
521) a 522) c 523) a 524) b 725) d 726) d 727) d 728) d
525) d 526) a 527) d 528) a 729) c 730) b 731) c 732) c
529) d 530) a 531) b 532) a 733) b 734) c 735) b 736) d
533) b 534) c 535) c 536) d 737) b 738) c 739) b 740) c
537) a 538) b 539) a 540) c 741) b 742) a 743) c 744) b
541) a 542) c 543) b 544) a 745) a 746) a 747) a 748) b
545) b 546) b 547) c 548) d 749) b 750) d 751) a 752) a
549) c 550) c 551) d 552) c 753) b 754) c 755) c 756) b
553) b 554) a 555) b 556) a 757) b 758) c 759) a 760) b
557) c 558) a 559) b 560) c 761) b 762) a 763) b 764) a
561) c 562) b 563) d 564) b 765) d 766) d 767) b 768) d
565) c 566) d 567) b 568) a 769) d 770) c 771) b 772) d
569) b 570) c 571) b 572) a 773) b 774) a 775) b 776) c
573) a 574) b 575) b 576) b 777) b 778) c 779) c 780) a
577) b 578) b 579) b 580) b 781) a 782) b 783) a 784) b
581) a 582) d 583) b 584) b 785) a 786) d 787) a 788) d
585) c 586) c 587) a 588) a 789) b 790) b 791) d 792) a
589) c 590) d 591) b 592) b 793) a 794) b 795) b 796) d
593) c 594) d 595) a 596) c 797) a 798) d 799) b 800) b
597) c 598) c 599) b 600) b 801) d 802) c 803) c 804) b
601) b 602) c 603) a 604) b 805) c 806) a 807) a 808) d
809) a 810) a 811) a 812) d 897) b 898) c 899) b 900) c
813) b 814) a 815) a 816) a 901) c 902) d 903) d 904) c
817) a 818) c 819) a 820) d 905) a 906) b 907) d 908) d
821) c 822) a 823) b 824) d 909) c 910) c 911) a 912) d
825) a 826) b 827) a 828) c 913) b 914) c 915) d 916) d
829) a 830) d 831) a 832) a 917) d 918) c 919) b 920) c
833) b 834) a 835) d 836) a 921) b 922) b 923) a 924) c
837) a 838) b 839) b 840) c 925) c 926) a 927) d 928) c
841) d 842) d 843) a 844) a 929) d 930) c 931) c 932) d
845) a 846) a 847) b 848) d 933) c 934) b 935) a 936) d
849) d 850) a 851) b 852) c 937) c 938) c 939) d 940) d
853) b 854) c 855) b 856) d 941) d 942) d 943) b 944) c
857) b 858) a 859) c 860) d 945) d 946) d 947) c 948) b
861) d 862) b 863) b 864) d 949) a 950) c 951) d 952) b
865) a 866) c 867) b 868) d 953) b 954) b 955) b 956) b
869) a 870) c 871) b 872) d 957) c 958) a 959) b 960) c
873) d 874) b 875) b 876) a 961) c 962) c 963) c 964) d
877) a 878) a 879) d 880) a 965) c 966) b 967) d 968) c
881) d 882) d 883) c 884) a 969) a 970) d 971) c 972) b
885) a 886) c 887) a 888) c 973) a 974) a 975) c 976) c
889) a 890) b 891) d 892) a 977) b 978) b 979) c
893) c 894) b 895) d 896) c
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