SURVEYING
COMPONENTS OF RPD
Denture Base
·
Artificial Teeth
Supporting Rests
Retainers: Direct retainers/ Indirect Retainers
Connectors: Major Connectors / Minor Connectors
EXAMPLE
THE DENTAL SURVEYOR
• It is an instrument used to determine the relative parallelism of two or more surface of teeth or other parts of
a cast of a dental arch.
• The idea of the dental surveyor was introduced in 1918 and the first surveyor developed specifically for use
in prosthodontics was made commercially available in 1921.
INSERTION OF RPD - FOLLOW
WHY DO WE SURVEY DENTAL CASTS?
·
A partial denture must be designed so that it can be easily inserted and removed by the patient, will be
retained against reasonable dislodging forces and will have the best possible appearance.
·
Objective of surveying: establish the most advantageous position
TERMINOLOGY
·
Path of Insertion
- The Direction in Which a Restoration Moves From the Point of Initial Contact With the Supporting Teeth
until it reaches its fully seated position.
·
Path of Removal
- The Direction of Movement of the Restoration From Its Resting Position to the Last Contact With the
Supporting Teeth".
- It Is the Reverse of the Path of Insertion
·
Guiding planes
- Flat Axial Surfaces In An Occlusal-gingival Direction, on The Proximal Or Lingual Surfaces Of Teeth.
- Guiding the prosthesis during insertion and removal of the denture
Survey line
·
- A line drawn on a tooth to indicate the greatest circumference in a given horizontal plane.
- The survey line divides parts of teeth or other tissues into undercut and non-undercut areas.
- Height Of Contour,the most bulbous and convex part of the tooth, also called max. bulge or survey line
Undercut
- An area of tooth or soft tissue which is under the survey line when viewed from a particular direction
(Top View)
TYPES OF UNDERCUTS
·
Tooth Undercuts (Proximal undercuts)
·
Soft Tissues or bony Undercuts (on lingual side of ridge)
Desirable Undercuts
Undesirable Undercuts (All the Undercuts are undesirable undercuts, except that used for retention)
SURVEYING
It is the procedure of locating and delineating the contour of the abutment teeth and associated structures
· before designing a removable partial denture.
Therefore, the main purpose of surveying is to plan the design necessary to fabricate a removable partial
denture which can be easily inserted in the mouth and retained in place during function.
PARTS OF THE DENTAL SURVEYOR just for knowledge, wont come in exam
A- The Base
B- Vertical Upright Column
C- Cross Arm with Spindle Housing
D- The Vertical Spindle With Tool Holder
E- Screw To Lock The Spindle
F- Tool Holder
H- The Surveyor Table
M- Ball Retaining Ring
N- Tool Rack
O- Storage Compartment
SURVEYING TOOLS
1. Analyzing Rods
2. Carbon Marker used in this order
3. Undercut Gauge
4. Wax Trimmer
ANALYZING ROD
·
Is a rigid metal rod used for diagnostic purposes in the selection of the path of placement.
Walking Survey
Thoroughly survey the RPD abutments and
surrounding soft tissue contour all around
CARBON MARKER
·
Used for the actual marking of the survey lines on the cast. A metal shield is used to protect it from breakage.
UNDERCUT GAUGE
Used to measure the extent of the horizontal undercuts that are being used for clasp retention.
↓
Usually there are three sizes: 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 of an inch.
0.25 mm, 0.50 mm and 0.75mm.
Types: dial gauges and electronic gauges
of an inch
Excessive retention areas: Require tooth alteration to lower the height of contour so we can keep the I-bar
retention contact close to the cervical 1/3 And above gingival margin by 2mm
WAX TRIMMER
Trimming of excess wax into those undercut areas, which are to be obliterated w/ wax-cutting tool & surveyor
OBJECTIVES OF SURVEYING
1- Permit an Accurate Charting of the Required Mouth Preparations
2- Determine the Most Acceptable Path of Placement and Removal
3- Determine the Relative Parallelism of Teeth Surfaces That Act As Guiding Planes
4- Determine Soft, Bony or Tooth Undercuts and Areas of Interferences
5- Identify and Measure Tooth Undercuts
6- Delineate Height of Contour
7- Trimming Blockout Material Parallel to the Path of Placement
8- Recording the Cast Position
·
Diagnostic Cast
- Designing the RPD framework, dental surveyor is used to mark the survey lines and undercuts on the
primary cast prior to outlining the RPD framework
-
Master Cast
- Verify the mouth preparations done according to the design done on the study cast.
- Blocking out the master cast.
RECORDING THE CAST POSITION
1. Tripoding: To be able to reproduce the most advantageous position of the cast at a later date.
2. Scoring: Mark three horizontal lines at a fixed surveyor arm vertical height
SURVEYED RESTORATIONS
• Surveyed crowns
• Contouring crowns (MILLING)
Modifying contours by composite
• Internal rest seat evaluation and preparation
• Placement of internal attachments
PATH OF INSERTION AND DISPLACEMENT
Path of Insertion : By surveying the prosthesis goes smoothly into place without interference
i
Path of displacement: Term sometimes used to describe the path along which a denture is most likely to be
displaced during function. (easiest path of displacement is vertically, which is why we tilt)
Path of insertion should be different from path of displacement.
SURVEYING AND CAST ORIENTATION wont ask
Anterior-posterior(affecting parallel guiding surfaces) affects cast position
Left-right(affecting retention areas) affects undercut
Move the cast position until guiding surfaces and undercuts seems equal or parallel if possible
REMEMBER
A partial denture should have a single path of insertion, only possible for dentures with bounded saddles
:
For dentures with free-end saddles 2 or more paths of insertion will be possible
BLOCKING OUT AND RELIEF OF MASTER CAST
After the establishment of the path of placement and the location of undercut areas on the master cast, any
undercut areas that will be crossed by rigid parts of the denture (which are every part of the denture
framework except the retentive clasp terminal) must be eliminated by block out.
Severe undercuts in retro-mylohyoid or buccal regions of the cast have to be blocked-out to prevent
possible distortion of duplicating mold when the master cast is removed.
TYPES OF BLOCKING OUT
I- PARALLELED BLOCK OUT
1.Proximal tooth surfaces to be used as guiding planes.
2.Beneath all minor connectors.
3.Tissue undercuts to be crossed by rigid connectors.
4.Tissue undercuts to be crossed by origin of bar clasps.
5.Deep interproximal spaces to be covered by minor connectors or linguo-plates beneath bar clasp arms
to gingival crevice.
II- SHAPED BLOCK OUT
1.On buccal and lingual surfaces to locate plastic or wax patterns for clasp arms.
2. Ledges for location of reciprocal clasp arms to follow height of convexity so that they may be placed as
cervical as possible without becoming retentive.
3.Ledges for location of retentive clasp arms to be placed as cervical as tooth contour permits; point of
origin of clasp to be occlusal or incisal to height of convexity, crossing survey line at terminal fourth, and to
include undercut area previously selected in keeping with flexibility of clasp type being used
III- ARBITARY BLOCK OUT
1. All gingival crevices
2. Enough to just eliminate gingival crevice Leveled arbitrarily with wax spatula
3. Gross tissue undercuts situated below areas involved in design of denture framework
4. Tissue undercuts distal to cast framework
5. Labial and buccal tooth and tissue undercuts not involved in denture design
RELIEF
1. Beneath lingual bar connector.
2. Areas in which major connectors will contact thin tissues such as hard areas so frequently found on the
lingual surface of the mandibular ridges and elevated median palatal raphes.
3. Beneath framework extensions onto ridge areas for attachment of resin bases (Combined denture base).
Relief areas
1. beneath major connector
2. free end #7
