LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

Chapter – 1
Matter In Our Surroundings
Page 17
Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called

‘matter’?
2. Name two processes which provide the best evidence for
the motion of particles in matter.
3. Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper
sulphate and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
4. When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in
the volume. Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by
this observation?
5. Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can
impart colour to a very large volume of water. Which
characteristic of particles of matter is illustrated by this
observation?
6. When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one corner
of a room, its fragrance spreads in the whole room quickly.
Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated
by this observation?
7. A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by
hammering but a piece of iron cannot be broken into small
particles by hammering. Which characteristic of the
particles of matter is illustrated by these observations?

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

8. What is the scientific mane of particles which make up

matter?
9. Name the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a
beaker of water.
These pictures show black ink diffusing through a beaker of
water.
10. What is the general name of :
(a) rigid form of matter?
(b) fluid forms of matter?
11. Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
(a) Maximum movement of particles?
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions?
(c) Minimum spaces between particles?
12. ‘A substance has a definite volume but no definite
shape’. State whether this substance is a solid, a liquid or
a gas.
13. Name the physical state of matter which can be easily
compressed.
14. ‘A substance has a definite shape as well as a definite
volume’. Which physical state is represented by this
statement?
15. A substance has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed
volume. State whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
16. Name two gases which are supplied in compressed
form in homes and hospitals.
17. Write the full forms of the following:

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(a) LPG (b) CNG

18. Which of the two diffuses faster: a liquid or a gas?
19. Which of the two diffuses slower: bromine vapour into
air or copper sulphate into water?
20. State whether the following statement is true or false:
Red-brown bromine vapour diffuse into air in a gas jar but the
colourless air molecules do not diffuse into bromine vapour.
21. A bottle of perfume was opened in a room. The smell
of its vapours spread in the entire room. Name the
property of gases which is responsible for this behavior of
perfume vapours.
22. If the fish is being fried in a neighbouring home, we
can smell it sitting in our own home. Name the process
which brings this smell to us.
23. Name one property of liquids and gases which tells us
that their molecules are moving constantly.
24. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) The best evidence that the particles of matter are
constantly moving comes from the studies of ………. and
……… .
(b) The smell of perfume gradually spreads across a room
due to ………… .
(c) Solid, liquid and gas are the three ………….. of matter.
(d) At room temperature, the forces of attraction between
the particles of solid substances are ………….. than those
which exist in the gaseous state.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(e) The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the

…………. State. However, there is no order in the ………….
State.

Short Answer Type Questions

25. State two characteristics of matter demonstrated by:

(a) Diffusion.
(b) Brownian motion.
26. Name the scientist who studied the movement of
pollen grains suspended in water through a microscope.
What is this phenomenon known as?
27. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed
in a beaker, its purple coloiur spreads throughout the
water. What does this observation tell us about the nature
of potassium permanganate and water?
28. When a gas jar containing air is inverted over a gas
jar containing bromine vapour, the red-brown bromine
vapour diffuse into air. Explain how bromine vapour diffuse
into air.
29. Describe in your own words, what happens to the
particles when salt dissolves in water.
30. Explain why, we can easily move our hand in air but
to do the same through a plank of wood, we need a karate
expert.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

31. Give one example of the diffusion of a solid in another

solid.
32. Explain why, the diffusion of a solid in another solid.
33. Whish of the following diffuses fastest and which the
slowest?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Give reasons for your answer.
34. Explain the following:
When an incense stick is lighted in the corner of room, its
fragrance spreads quickly in the entire room.
35. Name the three states of matter. Give one example
of each.
36. State two characteristic properties each of:
(a) a solid (b) a liquid
(c) a gas
37. Why do gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed
volume?
38. How do solids, liquids and gases differ in shape and
volume?
39. Arrange the following substances in increasing order
of force of attraction between their particles (keeping the
substance having the minimum force of attraction first):
Water, Sugar, Oxygen
40. Give two reasons to justify that:
(a) Water is a liquid at room temperature.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

41. (a) When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one

corner of a room, its fragrance quickly spreads in the entire
room. Name the process involved in this.
(b) A girl is cooking some food in the kitchen. The smell of
food being cooked soon reaches her brother’s room. Explain
how the smell could have reached her brother’s room.
42. (a) What does the diffusion of gases tell us about their
particles?
(b) Give one example of diffusion of gases in a liquid.
43. Give reason for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even from a
considerable distance but to get he smell form cold food, we
have to go close to it.
44. Explain how, the smell of food being cooked in the
kitchen reaches us even from a considerable distance.
45. Explain why, when a bottle of perfume is opened in a
room, we can smell it even from a considerable distance.
46. When a crystal of copper sulphate is placed at the
bottom of a beaker containing water, the water slowly turns
blue. Why?
47. Honey is more viscous than water. Can you suggest
why?
48. Explain why:
(a) Air is used to inflate tyres.
(b) Steel is used to make railway lines.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

49. Explain why, diffusion occurs more quickly in a gas

than in a liquid.

Long Answer Type Questions

50. (a) What is meant by ‘diffusion’? Give one example of

diffusion in gases.
(b) Why do gases diffuse very fast?
(c) Name two gases of air which dissolve in water by diffusion.
What is the importance of this process in nature?
51. (a) Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases
in tabular form.
(b) Give two reasons for saying that wood is a solid
(figure)
During class, the students resemble molecules in a solid
(because they are very close to one another)
While going from one classroom to another the students
resemble molecules in a liquid (because they are a little more
farther apart from one another)

And in the playground students resemble molecules in a gas

(because they are very, very far apart from one another)
52. (a) Why does a gas exert pressure?
(b) Why does a gas fill a vessel completely?
(c) Why are gases so easily compressible whereas it is almost
impossible to compress a solid or a liquid?

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

53. (a) Define matter. Give four examples of matter.

(b) What are the characteristics of matter?
54. (a) What is Brownian motion? Draw a diagram to
show the movement of a particle (like a pollen grain) during
Brownian motion.
(b) In a beam of sunlight entering a room, we can sometimes
see dust particles moving in a haphazard way in the air. Why
do these dust particles move?

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

55. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed

at the bottom of water in a beaker, the water in the whole
beaker turns purple on its own, even without stirring. This
is an example of:
(a) distribution (b) intrusion
(c) diffusion (d) effusion
56. Which one of the following statement is correct in
respect of fluids?
(a) only gases behave as fluids
(b) gases and solids behave as fluids
(c) gases and liquids behave as fluids
(d) only liquids are fluids
57. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order
of ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which one
of the following represents the correct arrangement?

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(a) water, air, wind

(b) air, sugar, oil
(c) oxygen, water, sugar
(d) salt, juice, air
58. In which of the following conditions, the distance
between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase?
(i) increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a closed
container
(ii) some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container
(iii) increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas
(iv) adding more hydrogen gas to the container without
increasing the volume of the container
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
59. Out of the following, an example of matter which can
be termed as fluid is:
(a) Carbon (b) sulphur
(c) oxygen (d) phosphorus
60. The best evidence for the existence and movement of
particles in liquids was provided by:
(a) John Dalton (b)Ernest Rutherford
(c) J.J. Thomson (d) Robert Brown
61. A form of matter has no fixed shape but it has a fixed
volume. An example of this form of matter is:
(a) krypton (b) kerosene
(c) carbon steel (d)carbon dioxide

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

62. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

(a) the particles of matter are very, very small
(b) the particles of matter attract one another
(c) the particles of some of the matter are moving
constantly
(d) the particles of all the matter have spaces between
them
63. When a gas jar full of air is placed upside down on a
gas jar full of bromine vapours, the red-brown vapours of
bromine from the lower jar go upward into the jar
containing air. In this experiment:
(a) air is heavier than bromine
(b) both air and bromine have the same density
(c) bromine is heavier than air
(d) bromine cannot be heavier than air because it is going
upwards against gravity
64. When a gas jar containing colourless air is kept upside
down over a gas jar full of brown-coloured bromine vapour,
then after some time, the brown colour of bromine vapour
spreads into the upper gas jar making both the gas jars
appear brown in colour. Which of the following conclusion
obtained from these observations is incorrect?
(a) bromine vapour is made of tiny particles which are
moving
(b) air is made up of tiny particles which are moving

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(c) the particles of bromine are moving but those of air

are not moving
(d) even though bromine vapour is heavier than air, it can
move up against gravity
65. Which one of the following statements is not true?
(a) the molecules in a solid vibrate about a fixed position
(b) the molecules in a liquid are arranged in a regular
pattern
(c) the molecules in a gas exert negligibly small forces on
each other, except during collisions
(d) the molecules of a gas occupy all the space available

Questions Based on High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

66. Look at the diagram on the right side. Jar A contains

a red-brown gas whereas Jar B contains a colourless gas.
The two gas jars are separated by a glass plate placed
between them
(a) What will happen when the glass plate between the
two jars is pulled away?
(b) What name is given to the phenomenon which takes
place?
(c) Name the brown gas which could be in jar A.
(d) Which is the colorless gas most likely to be present in
jar B?

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(e) Name one coloured solid and one colourless liquid

which can show the same phenomenon.

67. Bromine and air take about 15 minutes to diffuse

completely but bromine diffuses into a vacuum very
rapidly. Why is this so?
68. Bromine particles are almost twice as heavy as
chlorine particles. Which gas will diffuse faster; bromine
(vapour) or chorine? Explain your answer.
69. Why is a liquid (the hydraulic fluid) used to operate
the brakes in a car?
70. Explain why, a small volume of water in a kettle can
fill a kitchen with steam.
71. Explain why, osmosis can be considered to be a special
kind of diffusion. Classify the following into
(i) osmosis, and (ii) diffusion:
(a) swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water
(b) spreading of virus on sneezing
(c) earthworm dying on coming in contact with common salt
(d) shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup
(e) preserving of pickles in salt
(f) spreading of smell of cake being baked in the kitchen
(g) aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water during
respiration
72. A student placed a gas jar containing air in the upside
down position over a gas jar full of red-brown bromine

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

vapours. He observed that the red-brown colour spread

upwards into the jar containing air. Based on this
observation, the student concluded that it is only the
bromine vapour which moves up and diffuses into air in the
upper jar, the air from the upper jar does not move down
by diffusion into the lower jar containing bromine vapours.
Do you agree with this conclusion of the student? Give
reason for your answer.
73. An inflated balloon full of air goes down slowly
(becomes smaller and smaller slowly) even though the knot
at the mouth of the balloon is airtight. And after a week all
the air has escaped from the balloon. Explain how the air
particles got out of the balloon.
74. When extremely small particles X derived from the
another of a flower were suspended in a liquid Y and
observed through a microscope, it was found that the
particles X were moving throughout the liquid Y in a very
zig-zag way. It was also observed that warmer the liquid
Y, faster the particles X moved in its surface.
(a) What could particles X be?
(b) What do you think liquid Y is?
(c) What is the zig-zag movement of particles X?
(d) What is causing the zig-zag movement of particles X?
(e) Name the scientist who discovered this phenomenon.
(f)What does this experiment tell us about the nature of
liquid Y?

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

75. When a beam of sunlight enters a room through a

window, we can see tiny particles X suspended in a gas (or
rather a mixture of gases) Y which are moving rapidly in a
very haphazard manner.
(a) What could particles X be?
(b) Name the gas (or mixture of gases) Y.
(c) What is the phenomenon exhibited by particles X
known as?
(d) What is causing the movement of particles X?
(e) What conclusion does the existence of this
phenomenon give us about the nature of matter?

ANSWERS

1. The condition for something to be called matter is that it

should occupy space and have mass.
2. Diffusion and Brownian motion
3. Diffusion
4. The particles of a liquid (here water) have spaces between
them
5. Each crystal of potassium permanganate must be made up
of millions of small particles
6. The particles of matter are constantly moving in all the
directions

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

7. The particles of matter attract one another (some attract

less as in the case of chalk but some attract much more as in
the case of iron)
8. Atoms or Molecules
9. Diffusion
10. (a) Solid
(b) Liquid and Gas
11. (a) Gases.
(b) Solids.
(c) Solids.
12. Liquid
13. Gas
14. Solid
15. Gas
16. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and Oxygen Gas
respectively.
17. (a) LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
(b) CNG - Compressed Natural Gas.
18. Gas diffuses faster.
19. Copper sulphate into water
20. False
21. Diffusion
22. Diffusion
23. Diffusion
24. (a) diffusion; Brownian motion
(b) diffusion

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(c) states
(d) much more
(e) liquid; gaseous
25. (a) Diffusion:
(i) Matter is made up of tiny particles
(ii) The particles of matter are constantly moving.
(b) Brownian motion:
(i) The particles of matter are very, very small.
(ii) The particles of matter are constantly moving.
26. Robert Brown suspended extremely small pollen grains in
water and observed it through a microscope. It was found that
pollen grains were moving very rapidly throughout the water in
a very irregular way. He also observed that warmer the water,
faster the pollen grains move on the surface of water. This
phenomenon is known as the 'Brownian Motion'.
27. It shows that each potassium permanganate crystal is
made up of millions of small particles and particles of water
have spaces between them.
28. Both bromine gas and air is made up of tiny moving
particles. When a gas jar containing air is inverted over gas jar
containing bromine vapour, both bromine and air molecules
move and collide with one another and bounce about in all
directions due to which we see a uniform red brown colour in
both the jars.
29. When salt is added to water and stirred, the tiny salt
particles break off from each solid salt granule and fill up the

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

spaces available between the particles of water and mix with

them.
30. Air is a gas whose particles are very far apart and there are
very weak forces of attraction between them. Extremely weak
forces between particles of air can be overcome easily due to
which we can move our hand in air. On the other hand, the
particles of a solid plank of wood are very closely packed and
there are very strong forces of attraction between the particles
of wood. Hence, it needs a huge outside force to overcome the
strong inter particle attractions which only a karate expert can
apply.
31. If two metal blocks are bound together tightly and kept
undistributed for a few years, then the particles of one metal
are found to have diffused into the other metal.
32. The diffusion between solids is a very, very slow process
because the particles in solids do not move from their fixed
positions.
33. Solids diffuse the slowest as the particles in solids do not
move from their fixed positions.
Gases diffuse the fastest as the particles in gases move very
quickly in all directions.
34. The particles of gases produced by the burning of incense
sticks move rapidly in all directions. They collide with the
particles of air present in the room, mix with air and reach
every part of the room quickly.
35. Three states of matter are:

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(i) The solid state - Ice.

(ii) The liquid state - Water.
(iii) The gas state - Air.
36. (a) Characteristics of a solid:
(i) Solids have a fixed shape and fixed volume.
(ii) Solids do not flow.
(b) Characteristics of a liquid:
(i) Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, they take
the shape of the vessel in which they are placed.
(ii) They generally flow easily.
(c) Characteristics of a gas:
(i) Gases can be compressed easily.
(ii) Gases fill their container completely.
37. A gas does not have a fixed shape or fixed volume because
the particles of gases do not have fixed positions or fixed
spaces between them.
38. (i) Solids - They have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
(ii) Liquids - They have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
(iii) Gases - They neither have a fixed shape nor a fixed
volume.
39. Oxygen < Water < Sugar
40. (a) Water is a liquid at room temperature because:
(i) Water has a fixed volume (which does not change on
changing its container).
(ii) Water has no fixed shape (it takes the shape of the
container in which it is kept).

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(b) An iron almirah is a solid because:

(i) It has a fixed shape (which cannot be changed by pressing
it with hands).
(ii) It has a fixed volume (which depends on the dimensions
according to which it is made).
41. (a) Diffusion.
(b) The smell of food being cooked reaches the other room by
the diffusion of gases released into the air during the cooking
of food.
42. (a) Diffusion in gases shows that their particles move very
quickly in all directions and the rate of diffusion of a gas
depends on its density. Light gases diffuse faster than heavy
gases.
(b) Gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen present in the
atmosphere diffuse into water (of ponds, lakes etc) and
dissolves in it.
43. The smell of hot sizzling food reaches us quickly as
compared to cold food because the rate of diffusion of hot
gases (released by hot sizzling food) into air is faster than that
of cold gases released by cold food.
44. The smell of food being cooked reaches us even from a
considerable distance is because of the process of diffusion.
45. The smell of perfume spreads due to the diffusion of
perfume vapours into the air.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

46. The spreading of blue colour of copper sulphate into water,

on its own, is due to the diffusion of copper sulphate particles
into water.
47. The force of attraction between the particles of honey is
much more than the force of attraction between the particles of
water
48. (a) Air is used to inflate tyres because when we blow air
into a tyre the air particles push the tyre walls from inside and
exerts pressure on them.
(b) Steel is used to make railway lines because steel is a rigid
object having a definite shape and definite volume.
49. Diffusion occurs more quickly in gases than in a liquid
because the particles in gases move very quickly in all
directions whereas the particles in liquids move slowly as
compared to the gas particles.
50. (a) The spreading out and mixing of a substance due to the
motion of its particles is called diffusion. For example: Smell of
food being cooked in the kitchen reaches us even from a
considerable distance.

(b) Gases diffuse very fast because the particles in gases move
very quickly in all directions.
(c) Carbon dioxide and Oxygen gas dissolve in water by
diffusion. This process is important as these gases are essential
for the survival of aquatic plants and animals. The aquatic
plants use the dissolved carbon dioxide for preparing food by

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

photosynthesis and aquatic animals use the dissolved oxygen

in water for breathing.
51. (a)
Solids
(i) Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
(ii) Solids cannot be compressed much.
(iii) Solids have high densities.
(iv) Solids do not fill their container completely.
(v) Solids do not flow.
Liquids
(i) Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
(ii) Liquids cannot be compressed much.
(iii) Liquids have moderate to high densities.
(iv) Liquids do not fill their container completely.
(v) Liquids generally flow easily.
Gases
(i) Gases have neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.
(ii) Gases can be compressed easily.
(iii) Gases have very low densities.
(iv) Gases fill their container completely.
(v) Gases flow easily.
(b) (i) Wood is a rigid object which has a tendency to maintain
its shape when subjected to outside force.
(ii) It has a definite shape and definite volume.
52. (a) Because of high energy and negligible forces of
attraction, the particles of a gas move with high speed in all

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

directions. Thus, the pressure exerted by a gas is due to the

constant collisions of the fast moving gas particles against the
walls of the container.
(b) The particles of a gas have high kinetic energy and
negligible forces of attraction amongst them. Due to this, the
particles of a gas are constantly moving with high speeds in all
the directions and the gas completely fills the vessel in which it
is kept.
(c) Gases can be compressed easily because its particles are
far apart and there are large spaces between them (which can
be reduced by compression).
53. (a) Anything which occupies space and has mass is
called matter.
Examples: Air, water, sugar, iron.
(b) The characteristics of matter are:
(i) The particles of matter are very, very small.
(ii) The particles of matter have spaces between them.
(iii) The particles of matter are constantly moving.
(iv) The particles of matter attract each other.
54. (a) The zig-zag movement of small particles suspended in a
liquid (or gas) is called Brownian motion. Brownian motion
increases on increasing the temperature.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(b) These dust particles move in a haphazard way because

they are constantly hit by the fast moving particles of air.
55. (c) 56. (c) 57. (c)
58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (d)
61. (b) 62. (c) 63. (c)
64. (c) 65. (b)
66.
(a) The red-brown gas will diffuse from jar A into colourless gas
in jar B due to which its red-brown colour will also spread into
jar B.
(b) Diffusion (in gases)
(c) Bromine vapour
(d) Air
(e) Potassium permanganate and Water
67. Bromine diffuses slowly into air because the motion of
bromine molecules is obstructed due to the collisions with the
moving molecules of air. Bromine diffuses very rapidly into
vacuum because there is ‘nothing’ in the vacuum to oppose the
motion of bromine molecules

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

68. Chlorine will diffuse faster than bromine vapour. This is

because light molecules diffuse faster than heavy molecules
69. The particles in a liquid (the brake oil) can move freely
without being compressed much and hence transmit the
pressure applied on brake pedal to the brake drum (on moving
wheel) efficiently.
70. The steam is gaseous form of water. The molecules of
water in steam move very rapidly in all directions and fill the
whole kitchen space with steam. Gases (including steam) fill
their container completely
71. In both diffusion as well as osmosis, there is movement of
particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration. Diffusion can take place without there
being a membrane or through a permeable membrane. But,
Osmosis can take place through a semi-permeable membrane.
(a) Osmosis
(b) Diffusion
(c) Osmosis
(d) Osmosis
(e) Osmosis
(f) Diffusion
(g) Diffusion
72. No, the student’s conclusion is wrong. The air from upper
gas jar also diffuses down into the lower gas jar containing
bromine vapour. But since air is colorless, it cannot be noticed
by the student.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

73. The fast moving molecules of air trapped in the inflated

balloon exert continuous pressure on the thin, stretched rubber
sheet of balloon and keep on diffusing out gradually through it.
74. (a) Pollen grains
(b) Water
(c) Brownian motion
(d) The fast moving water molecules are constantly hitting
particles X (pollen grains) causing them to move in a zig-zag
path
(e) Robert Brown
(f) The liquid Y is made up of extremely small particles which
are constantly moving
75. (a) Dust particles
(b) Air
(c) Brownian motion
(d) The fast moving air molecules are constantly hitting the
tiny dust particles causing them to move rapidly in a very
haphazard manner
(d) The gaseous matter ‘air’ is made up of very tiny particles
which are constantly moving.

Page 36

Very Short Answer Type Questions

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

1. The boiling point of water is 100ºC. Express this in SI

units (Kelvin scale).
2. The Kelvin temperature is 270 K. What is the
corresponding Celsius scale temperature?
3. Convert the temperature of 573 K to the Celsius scale.
4. Convert the temperature of 373ºC to the Kelvin scale.
5. The boiling point of alcohol is 78ºC. What is this
temperature on Kelvin scale?
6. The Kelvin scale temperature is 0 K. What is the
corresponding Celsius scale temperature?
7. Give the usual mane of the following:
Heat required to change the state of a substance
without changing the temperature.
8. What is the (a) common unit of temperature, and (b) SI
unit of temperature?
9. Write the relation between Kelvin scale and Celsius scale
of temperature.
10. What should be added to a Celsius scale reading so as
to obtain the corresponding Kelvin scale reading?
11. What is meant by saying that the latent heat of fusion
of ice is 3.34 × 105 J / kg?
12. What is meant by saying that the latent heat of
vaporization of water is 22.5 × 105 J / kg?
13. Name the temperature at which :
(a) a liquid changes into a gas
(b) a solid changes into a liquid.

26
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

14. Name one common substance which can be easily

changed from one state to another by heating or cooling.
15. What is the mane of the process in which :
(a) a solid turns directly into a gas?
(b) a gas turns directly into a solid?
16. Name one property which is shown by ammonium
chloride but not by sodium chloride.
17. What is the name of the process due to which dry ice
changes into carbon dioxide gas?
18. What is the common name of solid carbon dioxide?
19. Why is solid carbon dioxide known as dry ice?
20. State one condition necessary to liquefy gases (other
than applying high pressure).
21. State whether the following statement is true or false:
Solid carbon dioxide is stored under low pressure.
22. What is the chemical name of dry ice?
23. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) Gases can be liquefied by applying ….. and
lowering …….
(b) When steam condenses to form water, heat is
………
(c) Temp on Kelvin scale = Temp on Celsius scale +
……….
(d) Scientists say that there are actually five states
of matter : Solid, liquid, gas, …… and ………

27
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(e) The state of matter called ……… makes a

fluorescent tube (or neon sign bulb) to glow.

Short Answer Type Questions

24. What do you understand by the term ‘latent heat’?

What are the two types of latent heat?
25. Why is heat energy needed to melt a solid? What is
this heat energy called?
26. Under what conditions heat can be given to a
substance without raising its temperature?
27. Why does the temperature remain constant during the
melting of ice even though heat is supplied continuously?
28. Why does the temperature remain constant during the
boiling of water even though heat is supplied
continuously?
29. Explain why, ice at 0ºC is more effective in cooling
than water at the same temperature.
30. Would you cool a bucket of water more quickly by
placing it on ice or by placing ice in it? Give reasons for
your answer.
31. Why does steam cause more severe burns than boiling
water?
32. Which contains more heat, 1 kg of ice at 0ºC or 1 kg
of water at 0ºC? Give reason for your answer.

28
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

33. Which contains more heat, 1 kg of water at 100ºC or

1 kg of steam at 100ºC? Give reason for your answer.
34. Explain why, steam at 100ºC is better for heating
purposes than boiling water at 100ºC.
35. Which produces more severe burns : boiling water or
steam? Why?
36. Why does the temperature of a substance remain
constant during the change of state?
37. What is the physical state of water:
(a) at 0ºC? (b) at 25ºC
(c) at 100ºC (d) at 250ºC
38. Explain why, there is no rise in temperature of a
substance when it undergoes a change of state though
heat is supplied continuously.
39. Define ‘melting point’ of a substance? What is the
melting point of ice?
40. Define ‘boiling point’ of a substance? What is the
boiling point of water?
41. Define the following terms:
(a) Melting (b) Boiling
42. Define the following terms:
(a) Condensation (b) Freezing
43. Explain why, naphthalene balls kept in stored clothes
in our homes disappear over a period of time.
44. Explain briefly, how gases can be liquefied.
45. How is ammonia gas liquefied?

29
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

46. How does applying pressure (or compression) help in

the liquefaction of a gas?
47. How does perspiration or sweating help keep our body
cool on a hot day?
48. Why does all the water of the earth not get evaporated
during hot summer days?
49. If the back of your hand is moistened with alcohol, you
will find that it rapidly becomes dry. Why is it that while
it is drying, your hand feels cool?
50. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot, dry
day?
51. How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka)
become cold during summer?
52. What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
Why?
53. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a
saucer rather than from a cup?
54. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some
acetone (or perfume) on it?
55. How will you demonstrate that water vapour is present
in air?

Long Answer Type Questions

56. (a) Define the term ‘latent heat of fusion’ of a solid.

How much is the latent heat of fusion of ice?

30
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(b) Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental set-

up to study the latent heat of fusion of ice.
57. (a) Define the term ‘latent heat of vaporization’ of
liquid. What is the value of the of the latent heat of
vaporization of water?
(b) Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental set-up
to study the latent heat of vaporization of water.
58. (a) What is sublimation? Name two substances (other
than ammonium chloride) which undergo sublimation.
(b) Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental set-up
to demonstrate the sublimation of ammonium chloride.
59. (a) What are the two ways in which the physical states
of matter can be changed?
(b) Draw the ‘states of matter triangle’ to show the
interconversion of states of matter.
(c) How can the evaporation of a liquid be made faster?
60. (a) What is evaporation? State the various factors
which affect evaporation.
(c) Why does evaporation cool a liquid?

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

61. Which of the following are also considered to be the
states of matter?
(i) Plasma (ii) Platelets
(iii) BFC (iv) BHC
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)

31
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)

62. One of the following does not undergo sublimation.
This one is:
(a) iodine (b) sodium chloride
(c) ammonium chloride
(d) camphor
63. Which of the following process/processes release
heat?
(i) condensation (ii) vaporization
(iii) freezing (iv) melting
(a) only (i) (b) only (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
64. If the temperature of an object is 268 K, it will be
equivalent to:
(a) -5ºC (b) +5ºC
(c) 368ºC (d) -25ºC
65. The boiling point of ethane is,
-88ºC. This temperature will be equivalent to:
(a) 285 K (b) 288 K
(c) 185 K (d) 361 K
66. When heat is constantly supplied by a gas burner with
small flame to melt ice, then the temperature of ice
during melting:
(a) increases very slowly
(b) does not increase at all
(c) first remains constant and then increases

32
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(d) increases to form liquid water

67. When water at 0ºC freezes to form ice at the same
temperature of 0ºC, then it:
(a) absorbs some heat
(b) releases some heat
(c) neither absorbs nor releases heat
(d) absorbs exactly 3.34 × 105 J / kg of heat
68. When heat is constantly supplied by a burner to boiling
water, then the temperature of water during vaporistion:
(a) rises very slowly
(b) rises rapidly until steam is produced
(c) first rises and then becomes constant
(d) does not rise at all
69. The latent heat of fusion of ice is:
(a) 3.34 × 105 J / kg
(b) 22.5 × 105 J / kg
(c) 3.34 × 104 J / kg
(d) 22.5 × 104 J / kg
70. The latent heat of vaporisation of water is :
(a) 22.5 × 106 J / kg
(b) 3.34 × 106 J / kg
(c) 22.5 × 104 J / kg
(d) 3.34 × 105 J / kg
71. Which one of the following set of phenomena would
increase on raising the temperature?
(a) diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases

33
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(b) evaporation, compression of gases, solubility

(c) evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases
(d) evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of
gases.
72. Which of the following represent the suitable condition
for the liquefaction of gases?
(a) low temperature, low pressure
(b) high temperature, low pressure
(c) low temperature, high pressure
(d) high temperature, high pressure
73. During summer days, water kept in an earthen pot
(pitcher) becomes cool because of the phenomenon of:
(a) diffusion (b) transpiration
(c) osmosis (d) evaporation

74. On converting 25ºC, 38ºC and 66ºC to Kelvin scale,

the correct sequence of temperatures will be:
(a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K
(b) 298 K, 300 K and 338 K
(c) 273 K, 278 K and 543 K
(d) 298 K, 310 K and 338 K
75. The conversion of a solid into vapours without passing
through the liquid state is called:
(a) vaporization (b) fusion
(c) sublimation (d) freezing

34
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

76. The evaporation of water increases under the

following conditions:
(a) increase in temperature, decrease in surface
area
(b) increase in surface area, decrease in
temperature
(c) increase in surface area, rise in temperature
(d) increase in temperature, increase in surface
area, addition of common salt
77. On converting 308 K, 329 K and 391 K to Celsius scale,
the correct sequence of temperatures will be:
(a) 33ºC, 56ºC and 118ºC
(b) 35ºC, 56ºC and 119ºC
(c) 35ºC, 56ºC and 118ºC
(d) 56ºC, 119ºC and 35ºC
78. Which of the following energy is absorbed during the
change of state of a substance?
(a) Specific heat (b) latent heat
(c) heat capacity
(d) heat of solution
79. Which of the following factors are responsible for the
change in state of solid carbon dioxide when kept
exposed to air?
(i) increase in pressure
(ii) increase in temperature
(iii) decrease in pressure

35
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(iv) decrease in temperature

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
80. During respiration, glucose and oxygen enter our body
cells and waste products carbon dioxide and water leave
the body cells by the process of:
(a) effusion (b) osmosis
(c) diffusion (d) plasmolysis

Questions Based on High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

81. There are four substances W, X, Y and Z. The

substance W is a dark violet solid having diatomic
molecules. A solution of W in alcohol is used as a
common antiseptic C. The substance X is a white solid
which is usually recovered from sea water on a large
scale. The substance Y is a white solid which is insoluble
in water and used in the form of small balls for the safe
storage of woollen clothes. The substance Z is a yet
another white solid which is used in making commonly
used dry cells.
(a) Name (i) W (ii) X (iii) Y and (iv) Z.
(b) Out of W, X, Y and Z, which
substance/substances can undergo sublimation?
(c) Which substances organic in nature?
(d) What is the name of substance C?

36
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(e) Which substance belongs to the halogen family?

82. The substance X normally exists in a physical state
which can flow easily but does not fill its vessel
completely. It also turns anhydrous copper sulphate
blue. When substance X is cooled excessively, it changes
into a substance Y which has a fixed shape as well as a
fixed volume. If, however, the substance X is heated
strongly, it changes into a substance Z which has neither
a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
(a) Name the substances (i) X (ii) Y and (iii) Z.
(b) What is the process of conversion of X into Y
known as?
(c) At which temperature X gets converted into Y?
(d) What is the process of conversion of X into Z
known as?
(e) At which temperature X gets converted into Z?
83. The scientists now say that there are actually five
states of matter A, B, C, D and E. The state A has a fixed
volume but no fixed shape. The state B can be
compressed very easily by applying pressure and state
C has a fixed shape as well as a fixed volume. The state
D is mixture of free electrons and ions whereas state E
is named after an Indian scientist and a famous
physicist.
(a) Name the physical states (i) A (ii) B (iii) C
(iv) D, and (v) E.

37
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(b) Name one substance belonging to state C which

can directly change into vapours on heating. What is
this process known as?
(c) Name one substance which normally belongs to
state B but whose solid form changes directly into
gaseous state.
(d) Name the most common substance belonging to
state A.
(e) Which state of matter makes the sum and other
stars to glow.
84. When water is cooled to a temperature x, it gets
converted into ice at temperature x by a process called
P. And when ice at temperature x is warmed, it gets
reconverted into water at the same temperature x in a
process called Q.
(a) What is the value of temperature x in Kelvin?
(b) What is the process P known as?
(c) What is the name of energy released during
process P?
(d) What is the process Q known as?
(e) What is the name of energy absorbed during
process Q?
85. When water is heated to a temperature x, it gets
converted into steam at temperature x by a process
called R. And when steam at temperature x is cooled, it

38
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

gets reconverted into water at the same temperature x

by a process called S.
(a) How much is the value of x in Kelvin?
(b) What is the process R called?
(c) What is the name of the energy absorbed during
the process R?
(d) What is process S known as?
(e) What is the name of energy released during the
process S known as?

ANSWER

1. 373 k
2. 270 - 273 = -3oC.
3. 573 - 273 = 300oC.
4. 373 + 273 = 646 K.
5. 273 + 78 = 351 K.
6. -273ºC
7. latent heat
8. (a) Degree Celsius - oC
(b) Kelvin - K.
9. Temp. on Kelvin scale = Temp. on Celsius scale + 273

10. 273

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

11. It means that 3.34 x 105 J of heat has to be supplied to

change 1 Kg of ice (at its melting point, 0oC) into water at the
same temperature of 0oC.
12. It means that 22.5 x 105 J of heat is required to change 1
Kg of water (at its boiling point, 100oC) into steam at the same
temperature of 100oC.
13. (a) Boiling point.
(b) Melting point
14. Water
15. (a) Sublimation.
(b) Sublimation.
16. Sublimation.
17. Sublimation.
18. Dry ice.
19. Since solid carbon dioxide directly changes into carbon
dioxide gas (or sublimes), and does not melt to produce a
liquid (like ordinary ice), it is called dry ice.
20. Lowering temperature (or Cooling)
21. (a) pressure; temperature
(b) released
(c) 273
(d) plasma; Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
(e) plasma
22. Carbon dioxide (solid).
23. (a) Pressure; temperature.
(b) Released.

40
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(c) 273.
(d) Plasma; Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC).
(e) Plasma
24. The heat energy that has to applied to change the state of
a substance is called 'latent heat'. They are of two types:
(i) Latent heat of fusion and (ii) Latent heat of vaporization.
25. When a solid is heated, the heat energy makes its particles
vibrate more vigorously. At the melting point, the particles of
solid have sufficient energy to overcome the strong forces of
attraction holding them in fixed positions and break to form
small groups of particles. This heat energy is kinetic energy.
26. When a change of state of a substance has to take place
the heat given would not raise the temperature.
27. The heat energy supplied to ice during the change of state
(at its melting point) is all used up in overcoming (or breaking)
the force of attraction between its particles without increasing
its kinetic energy. Since the heat (or latent heat) supplied
during the change of state does not increase the kinetic energy
of the ice cubes, therefore no rise in temperature takes place.
The temperature remains constant.
28. The heat energy supplied to water during the change of
state (at its boiling point) is all used up in overcoming (or
breaking) the force of attraction between its particles without
increasing its kinetic energy. Since the heat (or latent heat)
supplied during the change of state does not increase the

41
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

kinetic energy of the water, therefore no rise in temperature

takes place. The temperature remains constant.
29. This is due to the fact that for melting, each kilogram of ice
takes its latent heat of 3.34 x 105 joules from the substance
and hence cools the substance more effectively. On the other
hand, water at 0o cannot take any such latent heat from the
substance.
30. We would place ice in the water to cool it more quickly
because the ice takes its latent heat from the water and hence
cools it more effectively. On the other hand, if we keep the
water on ice then the latent heat would be taken from the
surrounding air hence releasing its coolness to the surrounding
and not the water.
31. Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water
because the steam contains more heat, in the form of latent
heat, than boiling water. Hence, when steam falls on our skin
and condenses to produce water, it gives out 22.5 x 105 Joules
per kilogram more heat than boiling water.
32. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.34 x 105 J/Kg. It means
that 3.34x 105 joules of heat is required to change 1 Kg of ice
at its melting point of 0oC into water at the same temperature
(of 0oC). This means that 1 Kg of ice at 0oC has 3.34 x 105
joules of less heat than 1 kg of water at the same temperature
of 0oC.
33. 1 Kg of steam at 100oC has more heat than water at the
same temperature because when water changes into steam, it

42
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

absorbs latent heat, but when steam condenses to form water,

an equal amount of latent heat is given out.
34. It is because of the fact that steam at 100oC contains more
heat, in the form of latent heat, than boiling water at 100oC.
Hence, steam would give out 22.5 x 105 joules per kilogram
more heat than boiling water.
35. Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water
because the steam contains more heat, in the form of latent
heat, than boiling water. Hence, when steam falls on our skin
and condenses to produce water it gives out 22.5 x 105 joules
per kilogram more heat than boiling water.
36. The temperature of a substance remains constant during
the change of state because the heat gets used up in changing
the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the
particles.
37. (a) Either solid (as ice) or liquid as 0oC is the melting point
of ice as well as the freezing point of water.
(b) Liquid.
(c) Either a liquid or a gas (steam) as 100oC is the boiling point
of water as well as the condensation temperature of steam.
(d) Gas.
38. The temperature of a substance remains constant during
the change of state though heat is supplied continuously
because the heat gets used up in changing the state by
overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

39. The temperature, at which a solid substance melts and

changes into a liquid at atmospheric pressure, is called melting
point of the substance. The melting point of ice is 0oC.
40. The temperature, at which a liquid boils and changes
rapidly into a gas at atmospheric pressure, is called boiling
point of the liquid. The boiling point of water is 100oC.
41. (a) Melting - The process in which a solid substance
changes into a liquid on heating is called melting.
(b) Boiling - The process in which a liquid substance changes
into a gas rapidly on heating is called boiling.
42. (a) Condensation - The process of changing a gas (or
vapour) to a liquid by cooling is called condensation.
(b) Freezing - The process of changing a liquid into a solid by
cooling, is called freezing.
43. This happens because naphthalene balls undergo
sublimation. The naphthalene balls keep on forming
naphthalene vapours slowly which disappear into the air.
44. Gases can be liquefied by applying pressure and lowering
temperature. The temperature needs to be lowered because
when the gas is compressed too much, then heat is produced
due to compression. Cooling lowers the temperature of the
compressed gas and helps in liquefying it.
45. Ammonia gas is liquefied by applying high pressure and
lowering the temperature of the gas. Lowering the temperature
is done by continuously pouring water over the coils carrying
the compressed gas.

44
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

46. There is a lot of space between the particles of a gas. If

enough pressure is applied to the gas, it gets highly
compressed. The particles of gas get so close together that
they start attracting each other sufficiently to form a liquid.
And we say that the gas has liquefied.
47. On a hot day, when our body temperature tends to rise too
much, our sweat glands give out moisture (sweat) on our skin.
When this sweat evaporates, it takes the latent heat of
vaporization from our body hence making our body cool.
48. All water on earth does not get evaporated on hot summer
days because of the high value of latent heat of vaporization of
water.
49. Liquids like alcohol, petrol and perfume are volatile (which
can change into vapours easily). When we apply alcohol to the
back of our hand, we find that it dries up quickly and while it is
drying, the hands feel cold. This happens due to the fact that
to change from liquid to the vapour state, alcohol requires
latent heat of vaporization. The alcohol takes this latent heat of
vaporization from the hand due to which the hand loses heat
and we feel cold.
50. The cooling in a desert room cooler is caused by the
evaporation of water. The higher temperature on a hot day
increases the rate of evaporation of water, and the dryness of
air also increases the rate of evaporation of water. And due to
this increased rate of evaporation of water, a desert room
cooler works better on a hot and dry day.

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

51. The earthen pot (or matka) has a large number of

extremely small pores on its walls. Some of the water kept in
the earthen pot continuously keeps seeping through these
pores to the outside of the pot. This water evaporates
continuously by taking the latent heat of vaporization from the
earthen pot and the remaining water. In this way, the earthen
pot and remaining water loses heat and gets cooled.
52. We should wear cotton clothes in hot summer days
because we perspire more through the pores of the skin during
such days. Since, sweat is mainly water and cotton clothes are
good absorber of water, they absorb the sweat quickly and
expose it to the atmosphere for evaporation. The evaporation
of sweat from the cotton clothes takes the latent heat of
vaporization from our skin hence the skin loses heat and
makes us feel cool and comfortable.
53. If the hot tea or milk is taken in a cup, then due to the
narrow shape of the cup, the surface area of hot tea in the cup
is comparatively small. Due to this, the evaporation of hot tea
is slow; cooling caused by evaporation is less and hence the
hot tea remains appreciably hot for a much longer time. On the
other hand, the saucer has a large surface area due to which
the tea taken in the saucer evaporates much faster, thus
cooling it quickly and making it convenient to sip or drink.
54. Acetone (or perfume) is volatile in nature. When we apply
it to our palm, we feel cold. This happens due to the fact that
to change from liquid to the vapour state, acetone requires

46
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

latent heat of vaporization. Acetone takes this latent heat of

vaporization from the hand due to which the palm loses heat
and feels cold.
55. The presence of water vapour in air can be demonstrated
by the following experiment: We take a steel tumbler and put
some well crushed ice in it. Allow the steel tumbler to stand
undisturbed for about 5 minutes with the ice in it. We would
observe that a large number of tiny drops of water appear on
the outer surface of the steel tumbler. This happens because
the air around the steel tumbler contains water vapour in it.
When these water vapour come in contact with the cold,
outside surface of steel tumbler, they condense to form tiny
drops of liquid.
56. (a) The latent heat of fusion of a solid is the quantity of
heat in joules required to convert 1 Kg of the solid (at its
melting point) to liquid, without any change in temperature.
The latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.34 x 105 J/Kg.
(b)

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

57. (a) The latent heat of vaporization of a liquid is the

quantity of heat in joules required to convert 1 Kg of the liquid
(at its boiling point) to vapour or gas without any change in
temperature. The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.5 x
105 J/Kg.
(b)

48
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

58. (a) The changing of a solid directly into vapours on heating

and of vapours into solid on cooling is known as sublimation.
The common substances which undergo sublimation are
Camphor and Naphthalene.
(b)

59. (a) The physical states of matter can be changed by

changing pressure and changing the temperature.

49
LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(b)

(c) The rate of evaporation of a liquid can be made

faster by (i) Increasing the temperature (ii) Increasing
the surface area of the liquid (iii) Lowering humidity
and (iv) increasing wind speed.
60. (a) The process of a liquid changing into vapour
(or gas) even below its boiling point is called
evaporation. The factors affecting rate of evaporation
are:
(i) Temperature.
(ii) Surface area.
(iii) Humidity.
(iv) Wind speed.
(b) Evaporation causes cooling because when a liquid
evaporates, it draws or takes the latent heat of
vaporisation from 'anything' which it touches and
hence the substances or surroundings lose heat and
get cooled.
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (c)

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

64. (a) 65. (c) 66. (b) 67. (b) 68. (d)
69. (c) 70. (a) 71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (d)
74. (a) 75 (c) 76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (b)
79. (c) 80. (c)
81. (a) (i) Iodine
(ii) Sodium chloride (Common salt)
(iii) Naphthalene
(iv) Ammonium chloride
(b) W (iodine), Y (naphthalene) and Z (ammonium chloride)
(c) Y (naphthalene)
(d) Tincture iodine
(e) W (iodine)
82. (a)(i) Water
(ii) Ice
(iii) Steam
(b) Freezing
(c) 0ºC
(d) Boiling (or Vaporisation)
(e) 100ºC
83. (a) (i) Liquid
(ii) Gas
(iii) Solid
(iv) Plasma
(v) Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
(b) Ammonium chloride; Sublimation
(c) Carbon dioxide

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LAKHMIR SINGH SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

(d) Water
(e) D (plasma)
84. (a) 273 K
(b) Freezing
(c) Latent heat of freezing
(d) Melting
(e) Latent Heat of fusion
85. (a) 373 K
(b) Boiling (or Vaporisation)
(c) Latent heat of vaporisation
(d) Condensation
(e) Latent heat of condensation

52
1. As solid melts to form liquid: b. At all temperatures
a. Inter particle distance increases c. At its freezing point
b. Inter molecular forces of attraction decreases d. At a fixed temperature
c. Compressibility increases Answer:
d. All of the above b
Answer:
d 9. Which of the following describes a liquid
state:
2. Which of the following is not characteristic a. Definite volume and definite shape
of solid: b. Definite volume and no specific shape
a. High Rigidity b. Regular Shape c. definite shape but no definite volume
c. High density d. High compressibility d. neither definite shape nor definite volume
Answer: Answer:
d b

3. The boiling point of water is: 10. Wet clothes are kept for drying. Which of
a. 101°C at atmospheric pressure the following does not help them in drying:
b. 273K at atmospheric pressure a. Spreading it out
c. 0°C at atmospheric pressure b. Blowing wind over it
d. 0K at atmospheric pressure c. Making the room a little warmer
Answer: d. Cooling the room
a Answer:
d
4. Which of the following has highest
intermolecular forces of attraction? 11. At higher altitudes the boiling points of
a. Water at room temperature liquids
b. CO2 gas a. Increases
c. Ethyl alcohol b. Decreases
d. Iron metal c. Remains the same
Answer: d. Increases then decreases
d Answer:
b
5. Which of the following substances will
undergo sublimation? 12. During evaporation particles of a liquid
a. Common salt b. Odonil change into vapours:
c. Sugar d. Sand a. From the surface
Answer: b. From the bulk
b c. From the bottom
d. From all over the liquid
6. The process of evaporation causes: Answer:
a. Cooling b. Heating a
c. Dryness d. None of the above
Answer: 13. In which phenomenon does water change
a into water vapour below its boiling point:
a. Boiling b. Evaporation
7. The conversion of solid to gas directly is c. Freezing d. Sublimation
called: Answer:
a. Evaporation b. Sublimation b
c. Distillation d. condensation
Answer: 14. We get the smell of hot food in the kitchen
b outside the house because of:
a. Boiling b. Evaporation
8. Evaporation of a liquid can take place: c. Sublimation d. Diffusion
a. At its boiling point Answer:

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d Answer: All of the above

15. Which are the favourable conditions for 22: When we blow air into the balloon it
liquefaction of petroleum gas: inflates because:
a. High pressure, high temperature a) Air particles collide with the walls of the
b. Low pressure, low temperature balloon and exert pressure on them
c. High pressure, low temperature
d. Low pressure, high temperature b) Air particles diffuse into the balloon
Answer: c) Rubber is elastic in nature
c d) The temperature of air in the balloon increases
Answer: Air particles collide with the walls of
16. Latent heat of vapourisation is used to: the balloon and exert pressure on them
a. Overcome forces of attraction between the
liquid particles at the boiling point 23: Particles move randomly in:
b. Overcome forces of attraction between solid a) Nitrogen
particles at the freezing point b) Water
c. Increase the kinetic energy of particles in the c) Sugar
liquid state
d) Dry ice
d. Increase the kinetic energy of the particles in
Answer: Nitrogen
the vapour phase
Answer:
a 24: Dry ice on heating produces:
a) Gas CO2
17. Which of the following has highest b) Liquid CO2
density? c) Liquid water
a. Kerosene b. Water d) Water vapour
c. Iron d. Wood Answer: Gas CO2
Answer:
c 25: Which of the following has highest
density?
18. Dry ice on heating produces:
a) Iron
a. Liquid CO2 b. Gas CO2
c. Liquid water d. Water vapour b) Kerosene
Answer: c) Water
b d) Wood
Answer: Iron
19. Particles move randomly in:
a. Water b. Sugar 26: latent heat of vapourisation is used
c. Nitrogen d. Dry ice to:
Answer: a) Overcome forces of attraction between the
c liquid particles at the boiling point
20. When we blow air into the balloon it b) Overcome forces of attraction between solid
inflates because: particles at the freezing point
a. Air particles diffuse into the balloon c) Increase the kinetic energy of particles in the
b. Air particles collide with the walls of the liquid state
balloon and exert pressure on them d) Increase the kinetic energy of the particles in
c. Rubber is elastic in nature the vapour phase
d. The temperature of air in the balloon increases Answer: Overcome forces of attraction
Answer: between the liquid particles at the boiling
B point

21: As solid melts to form liquid: 27: which are the favourable conditions for
a) All of the above liquefaction of petroleum gas:
b) Inter particle distance increases a) High pressure, low temperature
c) Inter molecular forces of attraction decreases b) High pressure, high temperature
d) Compressibility increases c) Low pressure, low temperature

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d) Low pressure, high temperature 34: Evaporation of a liquid can take
Answer: High pressure, low temperature place:
a) At all temperatures
28: We get the smell of hot food in the b) At its boiling point
kitchen outside the house because of: c) At its freezing point
a) Diffusion d) At a fixed temperature
b) Boiling Answer: At all temperatures
c) Evaporation
d) Sublimation 35: The conversion of solid to gas
Answer: Diffusion directly is called:
a) Sublimation
29: In which phenomenon does water change
b) Evaporation
into water vapour below its boiling point:
c) Distillation
a) Evaporation
d) Condensation
b) Boiling Answer: Sublimation
c) Freezing
d) Sublimation 36: The process of evaporation causes:
Answer: Evaporation a) Cooling
b) Heating
30: During evaporation particles of a liquid
c) Dryness
change into vapours :
d) None of the above
a) From the surface Answer: Cooling
b) From the bulk
c) From the bottom 37: Which of the following substances will
d) From all over the liquid undergo sublimation?
Answer: From the surface a) Odonil
b) Common salt
31: At higher altitudes the boiling points of
c) Sugar
liquids
d) Sand
a) Decreases Answer: Odonil
b) Increases
c) Increases then decreases 38: Which of the following has highest
d) Remains the same intermolecular forces of attraction?
Answer: Decreases a) Iron metal
b) Water at room temperature
32: Wet clothes are kept for drying. c) CO2 gas
Which of the following does not help them in d) Ethyl alcohol
drying: Answer: Iron metal
a) Cooling the room
b) Spreading it out 39: The boiling point of water is:
c) Blowing wind over it a) 101oC at atmospheric pressure
d) Making the room a little warmer b) 273K at atmospheric pressure
Answer: Cooling the room c) 0oC at atmospheric pressure
d) 0K at atmospheric pressure
33: Which of the following describes a liquid Answer: 101oC at atmospheric pressure
state:
a) Definite volume and no specific shape 40: Which of the following is not
b) Definite volume and definite shape characteristic of solid:
c) definite shape but no definite volume a) High compressibility
d) neither definite shape nor definite volume b) High Rigidity
Answer: Definite volume and no specific c) Regular Shape
shape d) High density
Answer: High compressibility
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 (b) Evaporation
41: When a gas jar full of air is placed upside (c) Sublimation
down on a gas jar full of bromine vapours, (d) None of these
the red-brown vapours of bromine from the Answer: B
lower jar go upward into the jar containing
air. In this experiment: 48. The colour of vapours formed on
(a) Air is heavier than bromine sublimation of iodine solid is
(b) Both air and bromine have the same density (a) Purple (violet) (b) Colourless
(c) Bromine is heavier than air (c) Yellow (d) Orange
(d) Bromine cannot be heavier than air because Answer: A
it is going upwards against gravity
Answer: C 49. A gas which obeys the gas laws is known
as:
42. When water at 0°C freezes to form ice at (a) An ideal gas
the same temperature of 0°C, then it: (b) A heavier gas
(a) Absorbs some heat (c) A lighter gas
(b) Releases some heat (d) A real gas
(c) Neither absorbs nor releases heat Answer: A
(d) Absorbs exactly 3.34 x 105J/kg of heat
Answer: B 50. What s the term used to describe the
phase change as a liquid becomes a solid?
43.The evaporation of a liquid can best be (a) Evaporation
carried out in a: (b) Condensation
(a) Flask (c) Freezing
(b) China dish (d) None of the above
(c) T est tube Answer: C
(d) Beaker
Answer: B 51. Which of the following phenomena would
increase on raising the temperature?
44. Zig-zag movement of the solute particle in (a) Diffusion, evaporation, compression of gases
a solution is known as (b) Evaporation, compression of gases, solubility
(a) Linear motion (c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases
(b) Circular motion (d) Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression
(c) Brownian motion of gases
(d) Curved motion. Answer: C
Answer: C
52.The quantity of matter present in an object
45. CO2 can be easily liquified and even is called its:
solidified because (a) Weight
(a) It has weak forces of attraction (b) Gram
(b) It has comparatively more force of attraction (c) Mass
than other gases (d) Density
(c) It has more intermolecular space Answer: C
(d) It is present in atmosphere.
Answer: B 53. When we put some crystals of potassium
permanganate in a beaker containing water,
46. A few substances are arranged in the we observe that after sometime whole water
increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’ has turned pink. This is due to:
between their particles. Which one of the (a) Boiling
following represents a correct arrangement? (b) Melting of potassium permanganate crystals
(a) Water, air, wind (c) Sublimation of crystals
(b) Air, sugar, oil (d) Diffusion
(c) Oxygen, water, sugar Answer: D
(d) Salt, juice, air
Answer: C 54. Which of the following describes the
liquid phase?
47. Which of the following phenomena always (a) It has a definite shape and a definite volume
results in the cooling effect? (b) It has a definite shape but not a definite
(a) Condensation volume

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(c) It has a definite volume but not a definite 61. Which of the following statement is not
shape true regarding the characteristic of matter?
(d) It has neither a definite shape nor a definite (a) Particles of a matter are randomly moving in
volume all directions.
Answer: C (b) Kinetic energy of the particles increases with
a rise in temperature
55. Equal volumes of all gases under similar (c) Kinetic energy of the particles of all maters
conditions of temperature and pressure remains the same at a particular temperature.
contain equal numbers of molecules. This (d) Particles of matter diffuse into each other on
statement was made by: their own.
(a) Gay- lussae Answer: C
(b) Avogadro
(c) Berzilius 62. Which one is a sublime substance?
(d) John Dalton (a) Table salt (b) Sugar
Answer: B (c) Iodine (d) Potassium iodide
Answer: C
56. 0 ° C temperature is equal to
(a) 0 K 63.: Liquids have -
(b) 273 K (a) fixed volume and fixed shape
(c)-273 K (b) fixed shape and no fixed volume
(d) 300 K (c) fixed volume and no fixed shape
Answer: B (d) neither fixed volume nor fixed shape
Answer: C
57.Out of the following which is the densest
state of matter? 64.: When we add sugar in water, particles of
(a) Solids sugar disappear because they -
(b) Liquids (a) are very small
(c) Gases (b) get into the spaces between water particles
(d) Plasmas (c) are moving
Answer: A (d) all above
Answer: D
58.Rate of diffusion of a gas is:
(a) Directly proportional to its density 65.: Which of the following substances
(b) Directly proportional to its molecular mass becomes liquid easily upon heating?
(c) Inversely proportional to the square root of its (a) butter (b) glass
density (c) sponge (d) rubber band
(d) Inversely proportional to the square root of its Answer: A
molecular mass
Answer: D 66.: Gases are liquefied under
59 (a) high pressure, high temperature
. Kinetic energy of molecules is directly (b) high pressure, low temperature
proportional to (c) low pressure, high temperature
(a) Temperature (d) low pressure, low temperature
(b) Pressure Answer: B
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Atmospheric pressure 67.: Which is not the characteristic of matter
Answer: A –
(a) particles of a matter are continuously moving,
60. Which condition out of the following will (b) particles of matter move faster on increasing
increase the evaporation of water? temperature,
(a) Increase in temperature of water (c) particles of matter intermix with each other on
(b) Decrease in temperature of water their own,
(c) Less exposed surface area of water (d) particles of all maters have same kinetic
(d) Adding common salt to water energy.
Answer: A Answer: D

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 9X SCIENCE with Pooja Mam

9X SARQ – A – Matter In Our Surroundings

Class 9 Science ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

DIRECTION : In each of the following Question 7.

questions, a statement of Assertion is given Assertion : The rate of diffusion of solids is
followed by a corresponding statement of higher than that of liquids.
Reason just below it. Of the statements, mark Reason : In liquid state, particles move freely
the correct and have greater space between each other
answer as as compared to solid state.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and
reason is the correct explanation of assertion. Question 8.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but Assertion : Matter around us exists in three
reason is not the correct explanation of different states– solid, liquid and gas.
assertion. Reason : These states of matter arise due to
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false. the variation in the characteristics of the
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true particles of matter.

Question 1. Question 9.
Assertion: A particle of gas intermixes with Assertion : During evaporation of liquid the
each other. temperature of the liquid remains unaftected.
Reason: The intermixing of particles of two Reason : Kinetic energy of the molecules is
different types of matter on their own is called directly proportional to absolute temperature.
diffusion.
Question 10.
Question 2. Assertion : The rate of diffusion of liquids is
Assertion: Heat energy when supplied to the more than solids.
solid, it starts melting. Reason : The intermolecular force of attraction
Reason: Solid particles take up the heat and is more in solids than liquids.
helps in melting or fusion.
Question 11.
Question 3. Assertion :On applying pressure, liquids
Assertion: A gas exerts pressure on the walls convert into gases.
of the container. Reason : On applying pressure, intermolecular
Reason: Rate of diffusion of gases is more space decreases
than that of liquids.
Question 12.
Question 4. Assertion :Thr rate of evaporation of water in a
Assertion: Water can exist in all the three plate is higher than that in a cup.
states- solid, liquid and gases. Reason : The rate of evaporation decreases
Reason: Water has high boiling point. will increase in humidity.

Question 5. Question 13.

Assertion: We prefer to wear cotton clothes Assertion : It is easier to cook food at a hill.
during summer. Reason : The boiling point of water increases
Reason: Cotton clothes are good absorber of at hills.
water.
Question 14.
Question 6. Assertion : The intemolecular forces in solid
Assertion: Naphthalene ball disappears with state are stronger than those in the liquid state.
time without leaving any solid residue. Reason : The space between the particles of
Reason: Naphthalene ball gets converted into matter is called intermolecular space.
vapours due to evaporation.

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Question 15. Question 24.
Assertion : A rubber band can change its Assertion : Liquids diffuses more easily as
shape on stretching. compared to gases.
Reason : A rubber band can change its shape Reason : Intermolecular forces are greater in
on stretching when the temperature becomes liquids than in gases.
high.
Question 25.
Question 16. Assertion : Gases diffuses more easily as
Assertion : When a solid melts, its temperature compared to liquids.
remains the same. Reason : Intermolecular forces are greater in
Reason : The heat gets used up in changing solids.
the state by overcoming the forces of attraction
between the particles. Question 26.
Assertion : The rate of evaporation increases
Question 17. with increase in temperature.
Assertion : lce floats on water. Reason: Increase in temperature decreases
Reason : Liquids have lower density than the kinetic energy of the particles.
solids.
Question 27.
Question 18. Assertion : When Sugar and Salt are kept in a
Assertion : Gases exert pressure on the walls container, they take the shape of the container.
of the container. Reason : Sugar is liquid.
Reason : The intermolecular force of attraction
is very strong in gases. Question 28.
Assertion : A gas can easily be compressed by
Question 19. applying pressure.
Assertion : Steam is better the boiling water for Reason : Since the inter-particle spaces
heating purposes. between gases are very large, they can
Reason : Steam contains more heat in the decrease by applying pressure.
form of latent heat than boiling water.
Question 29.
Question 20. Assertion : It is easier to cook food at sea level
Assertion : Camphor burns with a lot of as compared to higher altitudes.
residue. Reason : The boiling point of water increases
Reason : Camphor undergoes sublimation. at high altitudes.

Question 21. Question 30.

Assertion : There is a change in the Assertion : The boiling point of water is 100 C.
temperature of the substance when there it Reason : The boiling point of water increases
undergoes a change in state through it is still at higher altitudes.
being heated.
Reason : The heat supplied is either absorbed ANSWERS –
as a latent heat of fusion or a latent heat of 1b 2a
vapourisation. 3b 4b
5a 6c
Question 22. 7d 8a
Assertion : The conversion of a solid directly 9d 10 a
into a gas is known as sublimation. 11 d 12 b
Reason : Naphthelene does not leave residue 13 c 14 b
when kept open for sometime. 15 c 16 a
17 b 18 c
Question 23. 19 a 20 d
Assertion : The solids do not diffuse in air. 21 d 22 b
Reason : The particles are loosely packed in 23 c 24 d
solids. 25 b 26 c
27 c 28 a
29 c 30 c
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