4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Analysis and design of Rectangular tanks

Type of rectangular tank according to position:
1- Elevated tank.
2- Rested ground tank.
3- Underground tank.

page No(- 1 -)
 ‫)‪4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9‬‬
‫ﻳﱲ ﺗﻘﺴـﲓ اﳋﺰان ا ًاي ﰷن ﻧﻮﻋﻪ اﱄ ﶍﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﴩاﰁ اﻟﺮ ٔاﺳـﻴﻪ والاﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻫﲔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﱪ ﺗﻌﺒﲑا اتﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ اﳋﺰان ﳇﻪ‬
‫وانﺧﺬ ﻋﺮض اﻟﴩاﰁ )‪ 1.00‬ﻣﱰ(‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Vertical direction:‬‬

‫‪2- Horizontal direction:‬‬

‫‪strip at height =0.75 H‬‬

‫)‪page No(- 2 -‬‬

 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Loads on wall and base

1- Wall:

P=w*H=….. t/m2

& ( w =1.0 t/m3 )

2- Base:
A- Elevated tank (base rested on col.):
W=weight of base +water pressure= tb*r.c+w*H
B- Ground tank (Base rested on soil):

1- Rocky soil: l=2 * . ‫ﻋﺰوم اﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﺗﺮﺗﺪ ﻋﲇ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻨﳤـﻲ‬

2- Medium soil:

A- > 1.50 (non uniform stress dist.)

wedge ‫( واﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻩ وﳓﻠﻬﻢ ﻛـــ‬l=0.40 0.60 H)‫انﺧﺬ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬
B- ≤ 1.50 design base as fixed plate (uniform stress dist.)
‫( ﺣﻴﺚ ﳛﺪث ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﰲ الاهجﺎدات ﻓﻴﱲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﲇ ﰷﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬plate) ‫انﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﳇﻬﺎ وﳓﻠﻬﺎ ﻛـــ‬
(get Mr & Mt)

page No(- 3 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

 Load distribution:
1- Base:

if : ≥ 2.0 one way in short dirc.

‫اﶵﻞ ﳇﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﻘﺼﲑ‬

if : < 2.0 two way (from grashoff table (shaker 178)

get β , 

W=.W (in short direction)

Wβ = β.W (in long direction)

2- Wall (Vertical direction & Horizontal direction):

1- Shallow tank: (L/H ≥ 2.0)

One way in vertical direction ‫اﶵﻞ ﳇﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﺮ ٔاﳼ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

2- Deep tank: (L/H ≤ 0.50)

One way in horizontal direction

‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﶵﻞ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ الاﻓﻘﻲ وﺟﺰء ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ اﶵﻞ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﺮ ٔاﳼ‬

3- Medium tank: (0.50 < L/H < 2.0)

Two way in horizontal and vertical direction

page No(- 4 -)
 ‫)‪4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9‬‬

‫اﶵﻞ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ الاﻓﻘﻲ و الاﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﺮ ٔاﳼ ﺑﻴﻘﳰﺔ )‪ ( & ‬ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻘﳰﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑﻩ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﻘﺼﲑ )‪(*w*H‬‬

‫واﻟﻘﳰﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﲑﻩ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪(*w*H‬‬

‫)‪if (l>H‬‬ ‫‪pv =*w*H‬‬ ‫‪& ph =*w*H‬‬

‫)‪if (l<H‬‬ ‫‪pv =*w*H‬‬ ‫‪& ph =*w*H‬‬

‫) ‪ To get ( & ) get (r = long /short‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ r‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ) ‪ (  & β‬من كتاب الدكتور شاكر ص ‪178‬‬

‫جدول رقم )‪ (3‬في الصفحة )‪ (grashoff‬أو من الكود المصري جدول )‪. (3 -6‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪0.941 0.928 0.914 0.893 0.867 0.834 0.797 0.742‬‬ ‫‪0.672‬‬ ‫‪0.595‬‬ ‫‪0.500‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪0.059 0.072 0.086 0.107 0.133 0.166 0.203 0.258‬‬ ‫‪0.328‬‬ ‫‪0.405‬‬ ‫‪0.500‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫)‪page No(- 5 -‬‬

4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

page No(- 6 -)
4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

page No(- 7 -)
4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

page No(- 8 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Wall (base and top) Connection:

Wall with base is fixed connection.
Wall and top connection:
1- fixed-free
if (H≤3.50m)

2- fixed-hinged
if (H>3.50m)
using(top beam)

3- fixed-fixed
(Cover slab)
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎةل ﲻﻞ ﻏﻄﺎء ﻟﻠﺨﺰان‬

page No(- 9 -)
4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Draw B.M.D on vertical strip for rect. tank

page No(- 10 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Example (1):
Design water tank with dimension in plan and cross
section as given fcu = 250 kg/cm2 & fy = 3600 kg/cm2

Solution
1-Loads:
* Walls: p=w *H= 1.0 *4.0 =4.0 t/m2

* Base: W= tb *rc + *w *H (Assume tb =30 cm)

= 0.30 *2.50 +1.0 *4.0 =4.75 t/m2
2-Load distribution:
* Walls: (W1) : l=5.0 (from plan) & H= 4.0m (from section)
.
= = 1.25  0.50< < 2.0 Medium tank (two way)
.
.
r= = = 1.25 get ( & ) from grashoff table
.
page No(- 11 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

 =0.70 & =0.30 & l>H

 pv =*p = 0.70 *4.0=2.80 t/m2

ph =* p = 0.30 *4.0=1.20 t/m2 &

W=0.75 Ph= 0.75*1.20 =0.90 t/m2

* Base: l=5.0 (from plan)

.
r= = = 1.0 get ( & ) from grashoff table
.

 =0.50 & =0.50

W = W = * W=0.50 * 4.75=2.38 t/m2

3-Vertical strips:
.‫ م( ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﱲ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ اﳋﺰان ابﻟﲀﻣﻞ‬1.0) ‫انﺧﺬ ﴍاﰁ راﺳـﻴﻪ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻫﲔ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬
. ‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻻن اﻟﺸﲁ ﻣامتﺛﻞ ﰲ الاﲡﺎﻫﲔ انﺧﺬ ﴍﳛﻪ ر ٔاﺳـﻴﻪ واﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

page No(- 12 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Calculate B.M using (moment distribution method)

KW = * (fixed-hinged) (use iW =iB =1.0)

.
 KW = * =0.187 m3
.
.
KB = * (fixed-fixed & symmetry) = * =0.10 m3
.

page No(- 13 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)
.
D.FW = = =0.65
. .

D.FB=1- D.Fwall= 1-0.65 =0.35

Wall Base
D.f(distribution factor) 0.65 0.35
F.E.M(fixed end moment) 3.15 -4.96
D.M (distribution moment) 1.18 0.63
M.f (final moment) 4.33 -4.33

: ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫( ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرب ﻣﻮﺟﺐ وﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرب ﺳﺎﻟﺐ‬f.E.M) ‫ اﺷﺎرة‬-1
‫( ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ الاﺷﺎرة‬F.E.M) ‫( ﻳﺴﺎوي اﻟــ‬D.M) ‫ اﻟــ‬-2
. (D.M) ‫( ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟــ‬C.O.M) ‫ اﻟــ‬-3
‫( ﲜﻤﻊ ﰻ اﻟﻌﺰوم ابﺷﺎرﲥﺎ‬M.f) ‫ اﻟــ‬-4
get reactions and positive moments on wall :

page No(- 14 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Ma=0.0
Rb*4.0 +4.33=5.60*4.0/3 +0.60 *4.0/12

Rb=0.84 t/m

Ra=5.60 +0.60 -0.84=5.36 t/m

Max. positive moment at zero shear (at distance X from top):

∗ . ∗ .
X= = =1.55 m
.

∗ . ∗ .
Mm= = = 0.87 t/m

Base:

Draw B.M.D & N.F.D:

page No(- 15 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Design of critical section in vl. strip:

Section (1) M & T (tension) (water sec.)
M= 4.33 t.m/m’ & T =5.95 t/m’
1- Get thickness (t) and check tensile stresses:

. ∗ ^
Assume t ≈ 1.1* = 1.1* =41.80 cm
. ∗ . ∗

use t =45.0cm
Check tensile stresses:
∗ . ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
fct = + = + =14.15 kg/cm2
∗ ∗ ∗ . ∗ .

fctr = 1.90 f =1.90 √250 = 30.0 kg/cm2

.
to get () e= = =0.73 m =73.0 cm
.
.
tv = t(1+ ) = 45.0(1+ ) = 49.6 cm
∗ ∗ .

from table  =1.65

.
 (fct =14.15) ≤ ( = =18.18) ok.
.

2- Get As (steel Reinforcement) :

Tu=1.4*T = 1.40 * 5.95 = 8.33 t & e= 0.73 m
es= e-t/2 + cover (4.0cm) = 0.73 -0.45/2 + 0.04 =0.55 m
Mus=Tu *es = 8.33 * 0.55 = 4.58 t.m
page No(- 16 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Assume using (Ø 12)  cr from table =0.85

** As= + ⁄
& d=45-4.0 =41.0cm
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

. ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
= + =7.55 cm2/m’
. ∗ ∗ . ∗ . . ∗ / .

Use As = 7Ø 12/m’
Section (2) M & T (tension) (Air sec.)
M= 3.1 t.m/m’ & T =5.36 t/m’
Use t =45.0cm as sec. 1
Get As (steel Reinforcement) :
Tu=1.4*T = 1.40 * 5.36 = 7.50 t
.
& e= = =0.58 m
.

es= e-t/2 + cover (4.0cm) = 0.58 -0.45/2 + 0.04 =0.39 m

Mus=Tu *es = 7.50 * 0.39 = 2.93 t.m

As= + ⁄
& d=45-4.0 =41.0cm
∗ ∗

. ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
= + =4.80 cm2/m’
∗ . ∗ . / .
. .
Check: Asmin.= b.d = *100*41.0=6.15 cm2/m’

As <Asmin Use As=Asmin =6.15=6Ø 12/m’

page No(- 17 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Section (3) M & T (tension) (Air sec.)

. . ∗ .
M= 0.87 t.m/m’ & T= = =2.30 t/m’
.

Use t =20.0 cm (min. thickness)

Get As (steel Reinforcement) :
Tu=1.4*T = 1.40 * 2.30 = 3.22 t
.
& e= = =0.38 m
.

es= e-t/2 + cover (4.0cm) = 0.38 -0.20/2 + 0.04 =0.32 m

Mus=Tu *es = 3.22 * 0.32 = 1.0 t.m

d=C1 & d=20-4.0 =16.0cm

∗

. ∗ ^
16.0 = C1 get C1 =8.0
∗

(From table (shaker page 401 get j = 0.826)

As= + ⁄
∗ ∗

. ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
= + =3.13 cm2/m’
∗ . ∗ . / .
. .
Check: Asmin.= b.d = *100*16.0=2.40 cm2/m’

As >Asmin Use As= 3.13=5Ø 10/m’

page No(- 18 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

4-Horizontal strip:
‫( ﻣﻦ ٔاﻋﲇ اﳋﺰان ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﻛﱪ ﻋﺰوم وﻣﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﶵﻞ‬3H/4) ‫ﻧﺎٔﺧﺬ ﴍﳛﻪ اﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻋﲇ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
W=0,75 Ph= 0.75*1.20 =0.90 t/m2

page No(- 19 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Design of critical section in Hl. strip:

Section (1) M & T (tension) (water sec.)
M= 1.90 t.m/m’ & T =2.25 t/m’
1- Get thickness (t) and check tensile stresses:

. ∗ ^
Assume t ≈ 1.1* = 1.1* =28.70 cm
. ∗ . ∗

Use t=30.0 cm (and use hunch)

Check tensile stresses:
∗ . ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
fct = + = + =13.41 kg/cm2
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

fctr = 1.90 =1.90 √250 = 30.0 kg/cm2

.
to get () e= = =0.79 m =79.0 cm
.
.
tv = t(1+ ) = 30.0(1+ ) = 31.90 cm
∗ ∗ .

from table  =1.45

.
 (fct =13.41) ≤ ( = =20.70) ok.
.

2- Get As (steel Reinforcement) :

Tu=1.4*T = 1.40 * 2.25 = 3.15 t & e= 0.79 m
es= e-t/2 + cover (4.0cm) = 0.79 -0.30/2 + 0.04 =0.78 m
Mus=Tu *es = 3.15 * 0.78 = 2.46 t.m
page No(- 20 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Assume using (Ø 12)  cr from table =0.85

** As= + ⁄
& d=30-4.0 =26.0cm
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

. ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
= + =4.93 cm2/m’
. ∗ ∗ . ∗ . . ∗ / .

Use As = 5Ø 12/m’
Section (2) M & T (tension) (Air sec.)
M= 0.94 t.m/m’ & T =2.25 t/m’
Use t =20.0 cm as (sec. 3 in vl. direction)
Get As (steel Reinforcement) :
Tu=1.4*T = 1.40 * 2.25 = 3.15 t
.
& e= = =0.42 m
.

es= e-t/2 + cover (4.0cm) = 0.42 -0.2/2 + 0.04 =0.36 m

Mus=Tu *es = 3.15 * 0.36 = 1.13 t.m

As= + ⁄
& d=20-4.0 =16.0cm
∗ ∗

. ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
= + =3.40 cm2/m’
∗ . ∗ . / .
. .
Check: Asmin.= b.d = *100*16.0=2.40 cm2/m’

As >Asmin Use As= 3.40=5Ø 10/m’

page No(- 21 -)
 ‫)‪4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9‬‬

‫‪5-Design of Top beam:‬‬

‫اﻟﳬﺮﻩ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﲇ ﳏﻴﻂ اﳋﺰان ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﴩﳛﻪ اﻟﺮ ٔاﺳـﻴﻪ )‪ (Rb=0.84 t/m‬وﺗﻜﻮن اﳊﻮاﺋﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﳱﺎ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ رﻛﲒﻩ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﳬﺮﻩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﱲ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﲈ ﻳﱲ ﺣﻞ اﻟﴩﳛﻪ الاﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳋﺰان ﻣﻊ الاﺧﺬ ﰲ الاﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﺑﻌﺎد‬
‫اﻟﳬﺮﻩ )ﻃﻮل وﻋﺮض(‪.‬‬

‫)‪page No(- 22 -‬‬

 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Design of critical section in Top beam:

Section (1) M & T (tension) (water sec.)
M= 1.76 t.m/m’ & T =2.10t/m’
1- Get thickness (t) and check tensile stresses:
Assume b =30 cm

. ∗ ^
Assume t ≈ 1.1* = 1.1* =48.6 cm
. ∗ . ∗

Use t=50.0 cm
2- Get As (steel Reinforcement) :
Tu=1.4*T = 1.40 * 2.1 = 2.94 t
.
& e= = =0.84 m
.

es= e-t/2 + cover (4.0cm) = 0.84 -0.5/2 + 0.04 =0.63 m

Mus=Tu *es = 2.94 * 0.63 = 1.85 t.m

d=C1  & d=50-4.0 =46.0cm

∗

. ∗ ^
46.0 = C1 get C1 =9.2
∗

(From table (shaker page 401 get j = 0.826)

page No(- 23 -)
 4th Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (9)

Assume using (Ø 12)  cr from table =0.85

** As= +
∗ ∗∗ ∗ ⁄

. ∗ ^ . ∗ ^
= + =2.70 cm2/m’
. ∗ ∗ . ∗ . . ∗ / .

Check: Asmin.= b.d = *30*46=4.21 cm2/m’

As <Asmin Use As= 4.21=4Ø 12/m’

Section (2) M & T (tension) (Air sec.)
M= 0.88 t.m/m’ & T =2.10 t/m’
Use t =50.0 cm from sec.1
Get As (steel Reinforcement) :

Check: Asmin.= b.d = *30*46=4.21 cm2/m’

As <Asmin Use As= 4.21=4Ø 12/m’

page No(- 24 -)