 The long-term traditions, ideas, belief, mortgages, and habits of food and

culture prevailing in a society, region or specific ethnic group are called

culture as a whole.
 Art is the carrier of culture, which manifests culture through various
genres and forms. It keeps scientism and technique on one hand while
emotion and Ras on another side. Religious, ethnic, and geographical
variations enrich culturally the state of Madhya Pradesh.
 The rich heritage of Madhya Pradesh gives the state a distinct identity in
the form of music, theatrical arts, philosophy, literature, architecture etc.

TABLE
TABLE

Folk Songs
 Traditional music reflects the influence of a particular regionality that is
transferred from generation to generation as a cultural heritage of the
generation.
 Fold Songs tradition is very popular in Malwa, Nimar, Bundelkhand and
Baghelkhand regions which is mainly based on high human values and
feeling like duty, valor, love.

Malwa Folk Songs

Bharathri
 In Malwa region in the morning, people of Kaal Nath sect sing Bharathri
Katha in solo or group with instruments like chikara, sitar, table etc.
Chikara is the oldest and traditional musical instrument made from
coconut nut, bamboo and horse hari. The traditional folk style of Bharthari
singing is prevalent in Chhattisgarh. Under the Bharthari folk songs, even
today, Nathpanthis are found singing in the villages of Malwa singing
bhajans of Gopichand Katha, Gorakhwani, Kabir, Meera etc.
 Sanja Song
 In Malwa region, Sanja Geet is a traditional singing method of adolescent
girls. It does not use any type of instrument. The song is performed in
Pitrupaksha by adolescent girls in the evening.
Heed Singing
 In Malwa region, there is a practice of singing heed in the month of
Shravan, which is mainly the non-devotional folk narrative of Ahirs. In this,
the culture of agriculture and the story of mother goddess is described.
Head singing is performed during Holi, Diwali, Janmashtami, Navratri and
Govardhan Puja. Head singing is sung in a loud and classical style.
Barsati Barata
 In this, the climax of the paddle poetry (Malvi prose and verse) can be
seen. Barsati Barata is Ritu Katha song, sung during the rainy season. That
is why it is called Barsati Barata.
Nirguni Singing
 Nirguni Lokgayan is an ancient tradition of Malwa, in which there is an
impression of Kabir’s spirituality, and through the simple rural symbols of
mortal body, immortality of soul and divine elements. The area of singing
Nirgunik or Nirguniya is very famous Shri Prahlad Singh Tipandya. Those
who have sung devotional posts of Kabir, Meera, Raidas etc. Nirguni
singing is also called Naradaiya Bhajan.
Railo Song
 It is a recital of the Bhil and Korku tribes. The song Raila is sung mainly by
young men and young women.

Nimari Folk Songs

Kalgi-Turra
 The Kalgi-Turra competition in the Nimar region is a folk singing style. It is
an ancient folk music, spreading to the Nimar region of Malwa. It is sung in
the worship of Shiva on the beat of Chang (an instrument made of wood
and taro) at night.
  The singing of the Kalgi-Turra consists of two akharas, one is the kalgi
akhara, the other is the turra akhada. The guru of the arena is called
Ustad.
Sant-Singaji Bhajan
 Sant Singaji was a prominent saint-poet in the 15th century. Nirguna verses
practiced by him are still sung as hymns. These bhajans are accompanied
by spiritual practice and are sung on any occasion in Nivada and Malwa
region. These hymns are sung in high voice with mridang and cymbals.
Masanya
 Death songs in Nimar are called Masanya or Kayakhoj songs. This song is a
traditional song about immortality of soul and impermanence of body.
These songs are sung in groups.
Nathpanthi Gaayan
 Nath Jogio has the most distinct folk singing method in Nimar. They often
sing the Gorakh, Kabir or Bharthari saga.
Garba-Garbi
 Garba in the Nimar region is feminine non-temporal folk singing, while
garbi is often the male predominant folk song.

Bundelkhandi Song
Aalha Gaayan
 Alha singing is Veer Raas Pradhan poetry in Bundelkhand. It is sung mainly
in the evening in Varsha Ritu as a solo singing style.
 Its them is 52 battles described in Alhakhand composed by Vastu Jaganik,
which Alha-Udal fought. Its main musical instruments are dholak and
nagade.
Bholageet and Bambulia
 Bholageet or Bambulia is also known as Lametara Geet. These songs are
sung by group of women/men on important occasions like Makar
Sankranti, Basant Panchami, Shivaratri.
  These songs sung in the Q&A style are related to Shiva and Shakti. The
main feature of singing these songs is that no instruments are used in
them.
Bairite Singing
 It is a tale of singing style, in which mainly the stories of Mahabharata
along with many historical Kagritro, folk heroic stories are sung. It is
mainly sung at night on the occasion of religious festivals.
Devari Singing
 Dewari singing focuses on Doha. Among the castes of Ahir, Gawli, Ghosi,
Baredi etc. Dewari is a tradition of singing and dancing. It is mainly sung on
the occasion of Deepawali. In this singing tradition, the Gualbalas hold a
peacock on the head and dance along with singing. The theme of the
couples of Dewari is based on the love affair of Radha-Krishna, with heroic
courage and devotion.
Jagdev’s Puvara
 Jagdev,s Puvara is a Bhajan-style song sung mainly in Chaitra and Ashwin
(Quar) months. In this, bhajan songs related to the praise of the Goddess
are sung. Janwar songs are also sung in Ashwin month.
Phag Song
 Phag songs focusing on Krishna and Radha are sung on the occasion of
Holi. It is a predominantly male-dominated singing. Phag song is also
popular in Bundelkhand and Nimar region besides Bundelkhand.
Hardaul’s Plea
 These are the heroic singing traditions prevalent in Bundelkhand and
Baghelkhand region.

Folk Songs in Baghelkhand

Basdeva Singing
 Basdeva is a traditional singing of Baghelkhand, sung by Harbole Jati. In
this, the character Katha of Ramayana Katha, Shravan Kumar Katha etc. is
 sung by putting the idol of Lord Shri Krishna on the head and wearing
yellow cloth.
Biraha Singing
 Birha singing is sung by all castes in Baghelkhand. It is a beautiful song
sung in the Q&A genre.
Fag Singing
 The tradition of singing Phag in Baghelkhand is the most different and
original. Phag singing is performed here along with the Nagadas. Men are
the main participants in singing. The singing of phag songs in collective
tones begins on the delayed rhythm of the drums and gradually increase
in intensity.
 The vocals of the nagadas and the high vocals of the group singers are
successful in creating a cheerful atmosphere in the singing and the singer
and the source begin to swing with the singing. There are many folk circles
of phag singing in Baghelkhand.
Bamboo Song
 Bamboo songs are sung as folk songs in the Baghelkhand region. It consists
of singers, ragi and instrumentalists. Bamboo songs are female antics
based on the songs of Mordhwaja and Reason, which are sung in a high
tone and narrative singing style.
Seidev
 It is a song sung by the tribes of Baghelkhand.
Pandwani
 Pandwani is a solo narrative singing style of Pandavas with high voice,
which includes spirituality, religion, purpose, bravery, courage, adornment
etc. It is mainly related to the main branch of Gond tribals of Shahdol,
Balaghat and Anuppur region.
Ghotul Pata
 It is the death song Gond and Muria tribe. It is sung by elderly persons, in
which the solution of many complex mysteries of nature is presented,
mainly with the story of King Jolong Sai.
 TABLE
Folk Dances of Malwa
Aada-Khada and Rajvaadi
 The tradition of Aada-Khada and Rajvaadi can be seen throughout the
Malwa region on a particular occasion.
 This dance is performed on the traditional Kaherwa-Dadra Talo of Dhol. It
is a particularly female-dominated dance.
 The Rajwadi dance is performed by holding the pallu of the sari and
bending the tail dance to the rhythm of the kaherwa.
Matki Dance
 It is a community of Malwa. In this dance, the dancers dance to the beat of
the drum. This drum is locally called Matki. The only female locally known
as the satchel starts it which later involves other dancers wearing their
traditional Malvi clothes and wearing veils on their faces.

Folk Dances of Nimar

Gangaur
 Gangaur is the religious folk dance of Nimar, which is performed on the
occasion of Gangaur festival in Chaitramas.
 This dance is performed on the beat of the dhol and thali. Two Gangaur
folk dances of Jhola and Jhalaria style are performed in the state. Its
theme is to worship the deity Dhaniyar Suryadev and Ranubai as devotion.
Kaathi
 Kathi dances are the only puja dances related to the penance of Parvati,
whose instrument is called Dhaka.
 The costumes of the Kathi dancers are similar to those of the Mahakali
dancers of Nepal, called Bana. It starts at Dev Prabodhani Ekadashi and
ends, at the time of Mahashivaratri.
 The singing that accompanies the dance consists of stories like Suriyalo
Mahajan, Bhilathro Bal, Goden Nagar, Harishchandra.
 Fafariya
 Fafaria is a traditional group dance, in which both men and women dance
in groups. This dance is called Fafaria dance due to the instrument called
Fafaria. This dance is mainly performed on the occasion of marriage.
Madalaya
 Madalaya is a female-dominated dance, in which a woman dances on the
beat of a drum played by men.
Danda Naach
 In the Chaitra-Vaishakh month, Danda dance is performed by the farmers.
Challa or couplets are sung during the Danda dance.
Aada-Khada Dance
 Numerous dances are performed in Nimar region on the occasion of birth,
mundane rites and marriages, these dances are called aada-khada.

Folk Dances of Bundelkhand

Kanada Dance
 In Bundelkhand region, Kanada dance or Kanadaiya dance is performed by
the Dhobi community on auspicious occasions like birth, marriage etc. The
dance is also accompanied by the story of Saraswati and Gajanan
Bhagwan.
 The Kanada dance consists of devotional singing, which describes the
performances of Ram, Krishna and Shiva. The main instruments used in
this dance are sarangi, lota, dholak and stars and sometimes mridang is
also used in place of dholak.
Greetings Dance
 In Bundelkhand region, on the occasion of marriage and Teej, women and
men perform a joint dance of greetings.
 In this dance musical instruments like dhapla, tipri, ramatula and flute are
used.
Rai
  Rai is a famous folk dance of Bundelkhand, which is performed with joy on
various occasions.
 At the center of the dance is the dancer, called Bedni in Bundelkhand. The
mridang maestro speeds up the dance.
 The stop position of the rye is called Swang and this dance there is a
combination of rapid dance, improvised poetry and folk music.
 This dance is also called Rai Damodar dance, which is associated with Lord
Krishna and Radha.
Saira
 In Bundelkhand region, Saira dance is performed at the time of sowing of
Rabi and Kharif and on Teej in Shravan month.
 Saira dance is a male dance in which the dancers perform a dance related
to Krishna Leela with a stick in their hand and making a circle. In this
dance, instruments like dholak, timki, manjira etc. are used.
Dhimrai Dance
 The Dhimrai dance is performed by the Dhimar Jati of Bundelkhand.
 The dhimrai dance is accompanied by dances, shringar and devotional
songs. This dance is performed on special occasions of marriage or
Navratri.
 The main dancer operates as a Kathak to explain the lyrics through
emotion. Operational dhimrai is the major feature of the dance.
 In this dance, instruments like dholak, timri, mridang etc. are played.

Folk Dances of Baghelkhand

Pardhauni
 Pardhauni dance is performed by Baiga tribals on special occasions (mainly
at the time of marriage).
 In this dance, the young men dance in an elephant costume.
Dadar Dance
  The famous Dadar dance of Baghelkhand is performed mainly by men
singing Dadar songs on the occasion of happiness.
 The main instruments of Dadar dance are shehnai, dhol, dholak and dhap.
 Dadar dances are famous among the Kotwar, Kahar, Kol etc. tribes of
Madhya Pradesh as per the characteristic of ethnic songs.
Fog Dance
 Fog dance is an adjustment of different styles of men and women. Its main
rhythm is Kaherwa.
 In this dance, in a special pose called Furhari, the woman performs the
dance with her hands folded. Fog dance is particularly popular in Bari Jati.
Kalsa Dance
 This dance is performed by castes on the head in defiance of the
procession by castes like Gaderia, Ahir, Gupta etc. The Kalsa dance is
performed in traditional dhoti, bandi, and tied safa.
Birha Dance
 Birha singing and dancing is performed on the occasion of marriage and
Deepawali.
 Birha is a make dominated dance, but when women are involved, this
dance becomes based on Q&A genre.
 This dance is called Ahirai dance due to its popularity in Ahir caste.

Tribal Dances of Madhya Pradesh

Karma
 Karma, popularly known as Raja of Folk Dances, is mainly based on the
primacyof karma, which starts from the month of Bhadon and lasts till
Kartik.
 The karma dance is performed by the tribes like Gond, Baiga, Korku,
Dewar, Bijwar and Birhor etc. in the Mandla region.
  The most common form of Karma dance is prevalent in Mandla region. Its
major styles are – Karma Langa, Karma Jhumar, Karma Lahki, Karma
Ragani, Karma Thada and Karma Jhurni etc.
 The four styles of Baiga tribe are Karma Khari, Karma Jhulni, Karma Khay,
Karma Lahki.

The Karma dance with 3,049 participants was

included in the Guinnes Book of World Records
in 2016

Dussehra
 Inspired by the expression of social harmony and a sense of love affair,
this dance is performed by the Baiga tribals on the occasion of
Vijayadashami.
 This dance is performed as an annual festival in the Baiga tribes of Mandla,
Balaghat and Khandwa.
 The Dussehra dance performed by the youth of Baiga tribe runs from
Ashwin Panchami to Kartik Amavasya.
Reena Dance
 The Reena dance is performed by the women of the Gond tribe of the
eastern region of the Vindhyanchal and Satpura ranges. Reena dance is a
tradition of the church festival.
Kaharwa Dance
 The Kaharwa dance is performed collectively by the Gond jati every night
at the time of marriage. Apart from marital occasions, this dance is also
performed by the Gond caste in the death ceremony. Nagada (Tikora)
instrumental instruments are mainly used in this dance.
Saila Dance
 The Saila dance is performed by the Baiga tribe of Mandla-Dindori on the
new moon day in Kartik-Phalgun month. It is a male dominated dance.
 The main feature of this dance is the panthera (verse operational style)
through which a dance full of valor and ooze is performed.
 Doha Dance
 The doha dance is performed by women on the day of Kartik Amavasya.
The main feature of this dance is that in contrast to the dance performed
by women, men perform other forms of dance.
 The Doha dance by the Bhil tribe is called the Gajra of Bhil dances.
Garbi Dance
 In Bhil tribe, Garbi dance is performed on the occasion of Pitru and Prakriti
Puja.
Bhadam Dance
 Bhadam dance is performed collectively by the Bharia tribes of
Chhindwara and Jabalpur on the occasion of marriage. This dance is also
known as Bhidhanayi, Bharanot, Gunnu Sahi etc.
 Saitam dance is also performed by the women of Bharia tribe on the
occasion of marriage.
Worship Dance
 Inspired by religious belief, worship dance is organized by Gond and Oraon
tribes.
 Bidri Puja is celebrated in the Jyestha month by the Gond tribe (Mandla
region) and a public festival called Sal Pooja in the month of Chaitra by the
Uraon tribe (Raigad region).
Atari Dance
 The Atari dance is organized by the Bhumij and Baiga tribe of the
Baghelkhand region on various occasions. This dance is performed by men
by making a circle.
Dehka Dance
 Dehka dances are a social folk dance performed by the Kol tribe.
Dandriya Dance
 The Dandriya dance is organized by the Baiga tribe of Madhya Pradesh on
the occasion of Vijayadashami.

Folk Drama of Malwa

 TABLE

Mach
 The Loknatya Mach of Malwa region is about 300 years old, which is
believed to have originated from Rajasthan.
 The Mach tradition in Madhya Pradesh has started mainly from Ujjain.
Mach Natya begins at the first hour of the night.
 The Government of Madhya Pradesh has accorded the status of state
publicity to Mach.
Bhavai
 The play is organized by the Bhils in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh,
mainly around Jhabua.
Devilal Sambhar, a scholar of Indian folk
dances, has described Bhavai to have
originated from Malwa and Rajasthan.

Puppet
 Puppet folk dance is organized in the districts of Madhya Pradesh
bordering Rajasthan state.

Folk Drama of Nimar

Gammat
 Gammat Folk Drama prevalent in Nimar region is based on folk life.
Gammat drama is performed mainly on three occasions- Navratri, Holi and
Gangaur festival.
 This dram is performed especially after chanting Ganesha and Saraswati
on the chaupals in rural areas.
  In which the surface current events of mridang, dholak and cymbal
instruments are expressed.
Raslila
 Various episodes from Lord Krishna are performed in Raslila on the
occasion of Janmashtami in Bhadrapada month in rural areas. It is a
melody of theatrical songs, dances and music.

Folk Drama of Bundelkhand

Swang
 The traditional folk dance of Bundelkhand is based on both singing and
acting. Swang is presented at various festivals, and occasions. It themes
are related to social evils and current affairs. Its other names are
Navaratri’s farce, Bahurupia’s face, Children’s farce, Holi’s farce, etc.
 In most areas, farce is usually commenced after the harvesting of rye.

 Swang Folk Drama is found in the poetry

of Kanhapa, the siddha poet of the Nath-
Siddha sect in the 9th century.
 Dhatura Khan, Sura Luwaun, Pandit
Thakur, Golden Dakaj and Bhuri buffalo
are performed in the main force of
Bundelkhand.
 Swang has various regional names –
Tamasha, Khyal, Macha, Rammat.

Akhada
 This folk dance is practiced in Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand, in which
physical arts are mainly performed.
 Khamb Swang
 This Folk Drama is performed by the Korku tribe in Bundelkhand.

Folk Drama of Baghelkhand

Nautanki
 Nautanki is a popular play in the region of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand.
It is the oldest folk theater genre. According to this style, characters like
Moradhwaj, Gopichandra, Puranbhakta and Dhruva have been composed.
 Nautanki originated in modern times by the plays of Bharatendu
Harishchandra, in which the religious theme remained in the center.
 The literary form is detailed in the play Niladevi. The main character in
Nautanki is called Sutradhara (Ranga). The jester in this makes the
audience laugh.
Mansukha
 Manasukha is a modified form of the Natya Raas, which is performed
mainly on festivals and on various occasions. Mansukha based on makeup
is presented through Loknatya. In the rural areas, this play is known as
Mansukhlal.
Chhahur
 There is a famous play of Baghelkhand, which represents the farming and
Ahir culture. It is performed by people of Teli, Potter and Ahir Jati starting
from Deepawali to Ashtami.
 Bagheli Chahur Natya is based on valor, love and adornment and its main
feature is to highlight the feudal system to the public
Raas
 In rural areas of Baghelkhand, the episodes of Radha-Krishna and Gopis
(Krishna Leela) are presented as Ras Natya.
 In these episodes, mainly Vaidya Leela, Bal Leela, dancer theme and Kalia
Nag theme are performed. The influence of Parsi culture on its acting
elements can be seen.
Hyena (Lakadbaghha)
  The hyena play is performed on an open platform of tribal youths of the
Baghelkhand region after marriage. This play primarily depicts the
interaction between animals and humans.

TABLE

Malwa Pinting
 Savannahi painting : It is made of cow dung on the occasion of Hartalika
festival in Shravan month. This painting is made keeping in mind the
recognition and conservation of magic and sorcery. In Sanja-Malwa region,
different traditional figures are made by decorating dung, flower leaves or
shiny leaves on the wall in the Kishoria Shraddh side for sixteen days.
 Mandana : In the form of land ornamentation, Mandana is a completely
independent and complete art from. It is made on the occasion of
Deepawali and on the festival of Bhai Dooj.
 Diwasa : These are the mural paintings art prevalent in the Malwa region,
which are painted by girls in the Shraddha Paksha.
Jindaba
 Jindaba Loknatya is performed by women on the occasion of marriage
(Basi day).
 In various areas of Baghelkhand, it is also known as Bahlol.
Hingola
 Hingola is a stageless and simplified theatrical tradition in the form of a
noose.
 Chitravan : Chitravan is engraved on the walls of the house and temple by
Chitre. In particular, depictions of marriage ceremonies are mainly
portrayed in it.

Nimar Painting
 Nimar painting : It is an aesthetic expression of imagination, which is
traditionally prevalent in folk and tribal areas. In this, ordinary types of
paintings are engraved on the ground, wall, utensils by common people.
  Pagalya : Under this, auspicious message in drawn on the birth of the first
child in Nimar.
 Filling of Sneakers : Sneakers are filled on the forehead of the bride and
groom on the occasion of marriage in Nimar.
 Thapa : Thapa is a painting of Nimar, in which hands are installed on the
occasion of Seli Saptami or Dussehra. These thape consists of turmeric,
ocher, cow dung etc.
 Sanja Phuli : It is made by unmarried girls in Ashwin month all over
Madhya Pradesh. At the time of marriage in Nirmat, she is worshiped by
making murals of Kuldevi.
 Mordhan : This painting is made on the occasion of Deepawali.
 Jiroti : This painting is made on the occasion of Greenary Amavasya.

Baghelkhand Painting
 Kohbar : The Kohbar picture is made on the occasion of marriage, in which
married couples worship. It is prevalent in both Baghelkhand and
Bundelkhand regions.
 Neuram Nama : In this month, married women worship on the day of
Bhadrapada month by making traditional pictures.
 Peacock Murala/Morilla : In Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand region,
peacock images are made using different colors.
 Chhati Chitra : It is made in Baghelkhand region by worshiping the
younger mother on the sixth day of the birth of the baby.
 Tilanga picture : Tilanga picture is made on coal and oil wall.

Bundelkhand Painting
 Suraiti : Suraiti is the best symbolic portrait of Bundelkhand from the
point of view of folk painting, which is made with ocher color on the
occasion of Lakshmi Puja in Deepawali. In this, the lattice is marked.
 Morate : The mural drawing done on the occasion of Morate marriage. It
is inscribed on the walls on both sides of the door.
  Norata : These painting are made on the occasion of Navratri.
 Dooj- Putlia : Aakritiya called Dooj and Putlia is made from cow dung on
the day of Bhai Dooj in Bundelkhand.
 Dhowk : Chowk picuture are the most popular among the Bundeli folk
paintings. The Chowk, which is built on auspicious occasions, is called
Mangal Chowk.
 Mamulia : These paintings are made from dung by unmarried girls in
Bundelkhand during Navratri.
 Godan Govardhan : It is made on the day of Govardhan Puja on the
occasion of Diwali.

Craftsmanship in Madhya Pradesh

C  Soil craft : clay craft has contributed in the development of culture and
civilization. Soil crafts have been made by mankind since ancient times.
 In Madhya Pradesh, toys, sculptures etc. are made in Dhar, Jhabua, Rewa,
Shahdol, Betul, Mandla regions.
 Wood craft : Madhya Pradesh has been rich in wood craft tradition since
ancient times. In this, mainly car wheels, gates, masks etc. are made.
There is a tradition of tribal wood craft in Mandla, Betul, Hoshangabad,
Dhar, Jhabhua region of the state.
 Metal Crafts : Many tupes of metal crafts are made in Madhya Pradesh.
Initially, the use of metal was limited only to utensils and ornaments, but
later metal craftsmen of Tikamgarh and Betul have made beautiful
embellishments of deities in their artwork.
 In Uchehra region of Satna district of the state, famous characters called
Kanse Batholi are made and artistic items are made from brass and copper
in Chichli of Narsinghpur district.
 Bamboo Crafts : Bamboo artistic items are manufactured by various tribes
of Jhabua and Mandla regions in the state.
 Com art : Comb decorations and murals are famous among the tribes of
the state. The Banjara tribe of the state undertakes combing work. Its
main centers are Ratlam, Neemuch and Ujjain.
  Stone craft : The main example of stone craft in the state is stone carving.
The stones of Mandsaur and Ratlam are carved by Gujjar, Gayari and Bhil
tribes.

Bhedaghat marble statues in Jabalpur and

statues of Gwalior mythological deities and a
place called Kari near Tikamgar are famous
for multicolored marble.
 Chhipa craft : The hand carved craft belongs to Chhipa craft. It depicts
various symbols of the Bhil tribe. The hidden craft of Ujjain is known as
Bhairugarh.
 Chanderi and Maheshwari Sarees : The Chanderi region of Madhya
Pradesh is famous for both silk and cotton sarees. Maharani Ahilyabai of
Holkar dynasty has got the credit for installing Maheshwari saree in the
state.
 Handicrafts : This includes carpets, carpets and jute crafts. The method of
making cotton and carpets of handicrafts is called Panja style. Its major
areas are Jabalpur, Shahdol and Jhabua. The main centers of jute
handicrafts are Indore, Gwalior and Bhopal.

Major Festivals of Madhya Pradesh

 The festival of Shivaratri is celebrated with pomp, mainly at Khajuraho,
Bhojpur and Panchmarhi in the state. Folk art, Malwa festival of Indore,
Mandu and Ujjain and dance festivals of Khajuraho play a special role in
keeping the culture alive. Apart from this, the following festivals are also
celebrated in Madhya Pradesh.
 Ghadalya : In Ghadalya festival, Yuvatiya collectively dance together on
the occasion of Neerja (Navratri). In this, grains and money are collected in
their area by placing a perforated pitcher on the head of a young woman
and singing a song. A festival called Chhala is also celebrated by unmarried
youths like Ghadalya festival.
 Suata : Suata festival is famous in Bundelkhand region, just like the
Ghadalya festival of Malwa. In this festival, the ornate symbol of the wall
 deman in installed and in the upper part of it, the idol of Shiva-Parvati is
placed, then the young women worship and sing.
 Bhaiyya Dooj : In Madhya Pradesh, Bhaiyya Dooj festival is celebrated
twice a year. One is celebrated after Holi in Chaitra month and the other
after Diwali in Kartik month.
 Hareti : Hareti festival is celebrated by farmers in the region of Malwa and
Bundelkhand on the new moon day of Shravan month. It is celebrated in
Mandla district in the month of Shravan (full moon) and in Malwa district
in the month of Ashadh. In Malwa region it is also called Harayagodha.
 Akshaya Tritiya : Akshaya Tritiya of Baishakh month (April-May) is the
main festival of unmarried women, in which women worship the tree.
 Larukaj : Larukaj, the chief festival of the Gond tribe, is celebrated in
honor of Narayana Dev. This festival is a symbol of pig’s marriage. It is
believed that this festival brings happiness and prosperity in the family.
 Bacchavarsas : This festival is celebrated in the month of Shravan. On this
occasion, women worship cows and eat food made of millet, moth and
gram only.
 Bhagoria festival : This festival of Bhil tribe is celebrated on the occasion
of Holi when the Rabi crop is ripening. This festival starts seven days
before Holika Dahan, mainly three festivals are celebrated in it. The first
two days are celebrated by Gulaliya, then two days by Gol Gadedo festival
and the last two days by Ujadia festival. There is also a love festival of
Bhagoria Bhils.
 Navann Parva : This festival is celebrated on the 11th day of Deepawali on
harvesting in Bundelkhand. Sugarcane and jowar are worshiped on this
day.
 Gangaur : This festival is celebrated twice a year inj Malwa region. Once in
the month of Chaitra and the second time in the month of Bhadrapada.
Shiva-Parvati are worshiped in this festival.
 Navratra : this festival, which lasts for 9 days at the time of Dussehra, is
mainly celebrated by women. During these 9 days, women worship Maa
Durga and keep fast. Garba dances are also performed in many places.
  Rasnava : This festival is celebrated by the Baigas of Mandla district in
memory of Adi Purush Nanga Baiga. In this festival, Baiga people worship
bees on the 9th day.
 Saja and Mamulia : This festival is celebrated by unmarried women, which
lasts for 16 days in the month of Ashwin. Under this, the young women
make various shapes from cow dung on the wall of their houses and
perform group dances in the evening.
 Madai : Madai is the festival of Gonds and their subcastes in southern
Madhya Pradesh. It is celebrated in Mandla and Dindori districts.

Major Ceremonies of MP
 Madhya Pradesh Festival : This ceremony was started by the Madhya
Pradesh Culture Department in the year 1976, which is organized in New
Delhi. Glimpses of the cultural heritage of the state, singing, dancing,
playing, painting, exhibition are presented in the ceremony.
 Khajuraho Dance Festival : This ceremony was started in the year 1976.
This ceremony is organized every year in Khajuraho (Chhatarpur). It
consists of eminent artists of all styles of Indian classical dance.
 This ceremony is the largest dance ceremony in Madhya Pradesh. The
event runs for a week with the help of Madhya Pradesh State Tourism
Development Corporation, Culture Departmentof Madhya Pradesh and
Allauddin Khan Music Academy etc.
 The 47th Khajuraho Dance Festival was held between February 20-26,
2021. This year, the festival was held in Western Temple Group of
Khajuraho after 44 years.
 Kalidas Samaroh : This ceremony is organized in Ujjain in memory of the
great poet Kalidas in collaboration with Kalidas Academy and State
Tourism Development. This ceremony was started in the year 1958. In
this, traditional color staging, symposium, debate, theatrical performance
and picture exhibition are organized. The ceremony lasts for a week.
 Tansen Celebration : This ceremony is being organized annually by the
Madhya Pradesh Culture Department in the year 1980 in Gwalior. It
consists of the top musicians, singers and instrumentalists of the country.
  Ustad Allauddin Khan Music Festival : This ceremony is organized by
Allauddin Khan Music Academy and Madhya Pradesh Culture Council in
the memory of Baba Allauddin Khan since the year 1979. Its main
attraction is the Maihar band founded by Allauddin Khan. It has a diverse
rendition of classical music.
46th Allauddin Khan Sangeet Samorah, 2021 was
held from 19th 21st March, 2021 at Mahihar.
 Dhrupad ceremony : To promote the Dhrupad genre of music, this
ceremony based on Teacher-Student tradition is held in Bhopal from the
year 1981.
 Balkrishna Sharma New Function : This ceremony is held in Shajapur.
Various types of cultural fairs are organized in it.
 Art Festival : This ceremony is held annually in Bhopal for nearly two
decades in Madhya Pradesh. There are programs of classical music,
classical dance, painting and poetry recitation etc.
 Orchha Festival : This ceremony is held in Tikamgarh. In this dance, singing
and playing etc. are presented by the artists of Bundelkhand.
 Subhadra Kumari Chauhan Celebration : This ceremony is organized in
the memory of poetess Subhadra Kumari Chauhan in Jabalpur since the
year 1982. Eminent litterateurs and art experts of the country participate
in it.
 Ustad Aamir Khan Music Festival : This ceremony is held at Indore. It is
organized in the memory of the famous sitar player Aamir Khan. It
includes celebrities associated with the major cultural and classical music
of the country.
 Durlabh vaad vinod Samaroh : This ceremony is a unique ceremony of its
kind in the country. In this ceremony, instruments from ancient to present
are performed.
 Malwa Utsav : This function is organized by Madhya Pradesh State
Tourism Development Corporation in the year 1991 in Indore, Ujjain and
Mandu. In it Malwa style dances are performed.
  Nimar Utsav : This functions is organized by the Madhya Pradesh State
Tourism Development Corporation every year in Maheshwr, Khandwa and
Barwani of Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh from the year 1994.
 Bhopal Utsav : This function is organized by Bhopal Tourism Development
Corporation every year in Bhopal.
 Yuva Mahotsav : This event is organized by Madhya Pradesh State
Tourism Development Corporation from year 1985, in January every year
in Bhopal.
 Tulsi festival : This event is organized in Madhya Pradesh by Madhya
Pradesh Tulsi Granth Academy every year in Chitrakoot (Satna).
 Kishore Kumar Samaroh : This ceremony is held every year in Khandwa
district in memory of the late singer Kishore Kumar.
 Madhya Parva : This festival is held every year in Bhopal. In this
ceremony, the development story of Madhya Pradesh is presented.
 Shabri Kumbh Utsav : This ceremony is held every year in Amarkantak and
Anuppur on the banks of the Narmada River.

Major Fairs of Madhya Pradesh

 A festival celebrated by mass groups at a particular place is called a fair.
There is unique combination of economic, social and cultural form through
fairs held in Madhya Pradesh.
 Fairs are organized in about 1,400 places in the state, out of which 227
fairs are held in Ujjain district and minimum 13 are in Hoshangabad
district.
 Simhastha Kumbh : Simhastha Kumbh Mela is held every 12 years from
the full moon of Chaitra month to Vaishakh Poornima on the banks of the
kshipra river in Ujjain district. It is considered the most sacred fair of the
state.
The last Simhastha Kumbh was organizd
in the year 2016. The next Simhastha
Kumbh will be held in the year 2028.
 Ramlila Fair : This fair is organized in the month of January-February in
Bhander Tehsil of Gwalior district for the last 100 years in the state.
 Pir Budhan Fair : This fair is organized in August-September (Bhadrapada
month) at the mausoleum of the Muslim saint Pir Budhan for nearly 250
years in the Sanwara area of Shivpuri district.
 Naga ji Fair : This fair is organized for one month in November-December
(Agahan month) in Porsa village of Morena district in the memory of saint
Naga ji. In this fair, monkeys and other pets are traded.
 Heera Bhumiya Fair : This fair is held in August-September (Bhadrapada
month) in the surrounding areas of Gwalior district in memory of Hiraman
Baba.
 Garibnath Mela : In the memory of Baba Garibarnath, a follower of Nath
sect, this fair is organized in the month of Chaitra in Avantipur Barodia
village in Shajapur district.
 Kana Baba’s Fair : This fair is being organized for nearly 278 years at the
tomb of Kana Baba in Sodhalpur of Harda district.
 Sankua Mela : This fair is organized every year on the full moon of Kartik
month at a place called Sankua on the banks of Sindh River in Datia
district.
 Kaluji Maharaj’s Fair : Kaluji’s fair is held for about a month in Piplya
Khurd village in Khargone district. In this fair Keda bulls of Nimari breed
are sold.
 Jageshwari Devi Fair : This fair is held every year in the month of March-
April near the Hauz Khas pond at a place called Chanderi in Ashok Nagar
district.
 Mathaghoghara Fair : A 15-day fair is organized on the occasion of
Shivaratri in the month of Phalgun in a place called Mouranthan in Seoni
district.
 Rampapali Fair : A five-day fair is organized on the full moon of Kartik
month on the banks of the Chandan river in Balaghat district.
 Barman Fair : A 13-day fair is organized on the occasion of Makar Sakranti
in the Barman Ghat of Narmada River in Narsinghpur district.
  Chandi Devi’s Fair : This fair is organized in the month of March-April in
the courtyard of the Chandi Devi temple at a place called Dhidhara in Sidhi
district.
 Gotemar Fair : This fair is held in Pandhurna in Chhindwara district on the
new moon day of Bhadrapada month on the banks of the Jam River
flowing between Pandhurna and Savargaon.
 In this fair, people of both villages have a practice of stone-pelting each
other.
 Mystery Fair : Every year Basant Panchmi holds a secret fair at Garhkot in
Sagar district.
 Thgis one-month fair is the oldest fair in the Bundelkhand region. This fair
was started in the year 1785 by a king named Mardan Singh.
 Madai Mela : This fair is organized by the Gond tribe residing in Mandla
and Dindori district on the second day of Diwali. Aharia dance is also
performed in it. It is customary to sacrifice goat in this two-day fair.

Gwalior’s trade fair is the largest fair in the

state on revenue basis.

Population and Demography

 Human have been categorized as an important resource in himself. More
to say, development of a state or nation solely depends on its rich human
resources.
 Population and demography deals with the study of shape, distribution of
population, Population increase, process of transformation, qualities and
specialization of population (average age, sex-ratio, literacy rate, health,
situations) etc.
Census
 Official counting of number of people at a definite interval is known as
census. Indian census happens to be a major source of population and
demographic data apart from socio-economic data.
 The first official census concluded in 1872, during the tenure of Lord
Mayo. However organized census at an interval of every 10 years
commenced in 1881 AD during tenure of Lord Ripon.

Elements of Population
 Shape and Distribution of population (No of people &
their residence)
 Population Explosion and process of population change
(how increment & change in population is observed)
 Specification of population (age, sex-ratio, literacy level,
professional structure, and health staus).

 To accomplish census related work in post- independence era, Population

Act 1948 was enacted.
 The act entitles Registrar General to keep all records. Rights related to
population fall under the ambit of Registrar General only.


Size and Distribution of Population
 The total population of Madhya Pradesh stood 7,26,26,809 (7.27 crore) as
per census 2011. It constitutes 6% of total population of the country.
 Madhya Pradesh happens to be the 6th state in terms of population. Owing
to separation of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh has
now been placed at 5th position in terms of population in the country.
 The total population of Madhya Pradesh reside over 3,08,252 km2 land
area (9.38% of total area of the country.
 There has been a decadal growth of 20.35% in Madhya Pradesh as per
Census 2011.
 As per census 2011, Indore is the most populous district (32,76,697) while
Harda is least populated one (5,70,465).
 However Agar-Malwa district constituted in 2013 and Niwadi in that of
2018 happens to be the least populous district as of now.

Census 2011 : Madhya Pradesh

Administrative Units
 Census 2011 in Madhya Pradesh covered 50 districts, 342 Sub-districts
(Tahsil), 476 Towns (Statutory Towns 364 & Census Towns 112) and
54,903 villages.
 In Census 2001, the corresponding figures were 45 Districts, 259 Sub-
districts (Tahsil), 394 Towns (Statutory Towns 339 & Census Towns 55) and
55,393 Villages.
Population
 In Madhya Pradesh total population as per Census 2011, is 72.6 million,
comprising of 52.6 million rural and 20.1 million urban population. In
absolute numbers, out of the total increase of 12.3 million in the last
decade, the contribution of rural and urban areas is 8.2 million and 4.1
million respectively.
 Rewa has the largest share of rural population at 1.97 million (3.7% of the
State’s rural population) followed by Dhar (3.4%) and Satna (3.3%)
whereas Indore has the highest share of urban population at 2.4 million
(12.1%) followed by Bhopal (9.6%) and Jabalpur (7.2%).
Growth Rate
 Growth Rate of population in Madhya Pradesh between 2001 and 2011 is
20.3% (Rural 18.4%and Urban – 25.7%).
Density of Population (Persons per sq.km)
 In Madhya Pradesh density of population in Census 2011 is 236 which
shows an increase of 40 points from the Census 2001 figure of 196.
 Bhopal (855) turns out to be the most densely populated district followed
by Indore (841) and Jabalpur (473). The minimum population density is in
Dindori (94) followed by Sheopur (104) and Panna (142).
Population Distribution Madhya
Pradesh Based on Density
 Number of people residing within a square unit area is termed population
density. Population density of an area is equivalent to total population
structure divided by the area in which the specified population resides. As
of now, population density depicts a fine picture of non-uniform
population.
 The population density of Madhya Pradesh remains 236 persons per
sq.km, that lags the national average of 382 by 146.
 District with the maximum population density being Bhopal (855) while
that with minimum population density being Dindori (94).
Population Density of Madhya Pradesh (1901-2011)
Year MP India Year MP India
1901 41 72 1911 46 77
1921 45 77 1931 50 85
1941 56 98 1951 60 111
1961 75 134 1971 97 173
1981 124 216 1991 158 267
2001 196 325 2011 236 382

District with Maximum and Minimum Population

Density
Maximum Minimum
S. District Density District Density
1. Bhopal 855 Dindori 94
2. Indore 841 Sheopur 104
3. Jabalpur 473 Panna 142
4. Gwalior 446 Betul 157
5. Morena 394 Raisen 157

Proportion of Population
 In Madhya Pradesh, the rural population constitutes 72.4% and urban
population 27.6% of the total population. There has been an increase of
1.1% in the proportion of urban population in the last decade. The urban
proportion was 26.5% in 2001 Census.
 Dindori (95.4%) has the largest proportion of rural population, while
Bhopal (80.9%) has the highest proportion of urban population.
District with Maximum and Minimum Population
Maximum Minimum
S. District Population District Population
1. Indore 32,76,697 Niwadi 4,01,000
2. Jabalpur 24,63,289 Aagar-Malwa 5,07,100
3. Sagar 23,78,458 Harda 5,70,465
4. Bhopal 23,71,061 Umaria 6,44,758
5. Rewa 23,65,106 Sheopur 6,87,861

Sex Ratio (Number of Females per 1,000 Males)

 The Sex ratio in Madhya Pradesh which was 919 in 2001 has increased by
12 points to 931 in 2011.
 In rural areas the sex ratio has increased from 927 to 936, an increase of 9
points. The corresponding increase in urban areas has been 20 points from
898 to 918.
 Balaghat has recorded the highest sex ratio in respect to total (1021), rural
(1024) and urban population (1000) respective. In 2001 Census also,
Balaghat had recorded the highest sex ratio in respect to total (1022),
rural (1030) and urban population (970) respectively.
 The lowest sex ratio in rural areas has been recorded in Bhind (828). The
corresponding value in urban areas has been returned from Morena (858).

Population Constituent

Major Constituents of Population

Organisation

Sex Ratio Age Literacy Professional

Structure Structure

 Sex Ratio it has been defined as the ratio between number of female
every 1000 male population within a country or state.
Sex Ratio : India and Madhya Pradesh –
1901-2011
Year Madhya Pradesh India
1901 972 972
1921 949 955
1941 946 945
1961 932 941
2001 919 933
2011 931 940

Districts with Maximum and Minimum Sex Ratio

Maximum Minimum
S. District Sex Ratio District Sex Ratio
1. Balaghat 1,021 Bhind 828
2. Alirajpur 1,011 Morena 840
3. Dindori 1,002 Datia 873
4. Jhhabua 990 Shivpuri 877

Districts with Maximum and Minimum child sex ratio

(CSR)
Maximum Minimum
S. District Sex Ratio District Sex Ratio
1. Alirajpur 978 Morena 829
2. Mandla/Dindori 970 Gwalior 840
3. Balaghat 967 Bhind 843
4. Betul 957 Datia 856
5. Chindwada 956 Rewa 885

Child Population (0-6 years)

 The child population in the age group 0-6 years in Madhya Pradesh stands
at 10.8 million of this, 8.3 million were returned in rural areas and 2.5
million, in urban areas.
 The growth rate of Child population is 0.25% in the last decade. However,
there has been a decline of 1.4% in rural areas and an increase of 6.2% in
urban areas.
Child Sex Ration (0-6 years) (Girls per thousand boys)
 In Madhya Pradesh also, Census 2011 marks a considerable fall in child sex
ratio (0-6 years) from 932 to 918 (-14 points) during 2001-2011. This is the
lowest child sex ratio since 1981.
 Morena (829) has recorded the lowest and Alirajpur (978) the highest
child sex ratio in rural areas. Morena (829) has recorded the lowest and
Dindori (998) the highest child sex ratio in urban areas.
Scheduled Caste Population
 In Madhya Pradesh, the total Scheduled Caste population returned in
Census 2011 is 11.3 million. Out of these 8.3 million are in rural areas and
3.1 million in urban areas.
 In terms of proportion, the Scheduled Caste population constitutes 15.6%
of the total population in the state. The proportion during the last Census
was 15.2%. Thus there has been an increase of 0.4% during the last
decade.
 The Scheduled Caste population in absolute numbers has incrased by 2.2
million. This constitutes a decadal growth of 23.9%.
 In terms of gender composition, there are 5.9 million males (Rural – 4.3
million and Urban – 1.6 million) and 5.4 million females (Rural-4.0 million
and Urban – 1.5 million).
 The highest proportion of Scheduled Caste population to total population
is recorded in Ujjain (26.4%) and the lowest in Jhabua (1.7%).
SC Population
 The total population of scheduled caste stood 1.13 crore (15.6%) in
accordance with census 2011. Madhya Pradesh ranked 8th in terms of
scheduled caste population in the country. Also it holds 17th position in
terms of percentage population of scheduled caste.
 Sex-ratio among scheduled castes in Madhya Pradesh stands at 920:1000
District with highest sex ratio of scheduled caste being Balaghat (1,037)
and literacy rate of SC inside Madhya Pradesh has been marked at 66.16%.

Districts with Maximum and Minimum Population of

Scheduled Castes
Maximum Population Minimum Population
District Population District Population
Indore 5,45,239 Jhhabua 17,427
Ujjain 5,23,869 Alirajpur 26,877
 Sagar 5,01,630 Dindori 39,782
Muraina 4,21,519 Mandle 48,425
Chhatarpur 4,05,313 Umariya 58,147

Districts with Highest and Lowest Percentage Population

of Scheduled Castes
Highest Population Lowest Population
District Population District Population
Ujjain 26.37 Jhabua 1.7
Datia 25.46 Alirajpur 3.7
Tikamgarh 25.02 Mandla 4.6
Shajapur 23.4 Dindori 5.6
Chhatarpur 23 Badwani 6.3

Scheduled Tribe Population

 In Madhya Pradesh, the total Scheduled Tribe population returned in
Census 2011 is 15.3 million, highest in the country. Of this, 14.3 million are
in rural areas and 1.0 million in urban areas.
 In terms of proportion, the Scheduled Tribe population constitutes 21.2%
of the total population. The proportion during the last Census was 20.3%.
Thus there has been an increase of 0.8% during the last decade.
 The Scheduled Tribe population in absolute numbers has increased by 3.1
million. This constitutes a decadal growth of 25.2%.
 In terms of gender composition, there are 7.7 million male (Rural – 7.2
million aand Urban – 0.5 million) and 7.6 million female (Rural – 7.1
million and Urban – 0.5 million).
 The highest proportion of Scheduled Tribe population to total population
is recorded in Alirajpur (89.0%) and the lowest in Bhind (0.4%).
Population of Scheduled Tribes
 Madhya Pradesh has the maximum population of Scheduled Tribes. The
total population of scheduled tribes stood 1,53,16,784 as per census 2011.
 It is 21.10% of total population of state and 14.70% of that of country. The
total population of scheduled tribes in India stood 10,42,81,034 which is
8.6% of total population of the country.
 Maxium ST Population has been observed in Dhar district (12,22,814)
while that of minimum in Bhind (6,131). However Alirajpur district of
Madhya Pradesh has highest percentage population of ST (89%) while
Bhind has minimum percentage population (0.4%).
Districts with Maximum and Minimum Scheduled Tribes
Population
Maximum Population Minimum Population
District Population District Population
Dhar 12,22,814 Bhind 6,131
Badwani 9,62,145 Datis 15,061
Jhabua 8,91,818 Morena 17,030
Chhindwada 7,69,778 Mandsaur 33,092
Khargone 7,30,169 Shajanpur 37,836

Districts with Maximum and Minimum Scheduled Tribes

% Population
Maximum Population Minimum Population
District Population District Population
Alirajpur 89.0 Bhind 0.4
 Jhabua 87.0 Morena 0.9
Badwani 69.4 Datia 1.9
Dindori 64.7 Mandsaur 2.5
Mandla 57.9 Bhopal 2.9

 A total of 1,040 tribes used to reside inside Madhya Pradesh as per census
2011. It constitutes 6.8% of the total tribal population of the state.
 Bhind district has the maximum tribal population residing in urban areas
(76.8%) while that of Dindori witness minimum tribal population (1.6%) in
urban areas inside the state.
 Religious Stand : Numerous religious groups have been found in Madhya
Pradesh. Amid those groups, Hinduism have been followed by maximum
population (90.89%) while Sikhism by the least population (0.21%).
Register General and Census Commissioner of India has issued following
data related to religious census in 2011.
Districts with Maximum & Minimum Decadal Growth
Rate of Scheduled Tribes Population
Maximum Minimum
Population Rate Population Rate
District Percent District Percent
Chhatarpur 42.6 Mandsaur -11.8
Shivpuri 42.0 Bhind -8.8
Burhanpur 36.8 Ujjain -8.5
Ashok Nagar 35.6 Shajapur 7.2
Khandwa 34.9 Sagar 13.0

Literacy
 Literacy happens to be one of the prominent qualities of any population.
Clearly it has been worth mentioning that only an educated and aware
citizen can take wise-decision and prompt to proceed for research and
 development. Low literacy level has been categorized as a great obstacle
in the economic development.
 As per census 2011, an individual more than 7 years of age will be said to
be literate, provided he should be able to write in any language after
reading it.
 The threshold for literacy had been confined up to 4 years only till the end
of Census 1971.
Literacy Rate : Madhya Pradesh and India (1951-2011)
Literacy rate in India (percentage)
Year Total Male Female
1951 18.33 27.16 8.86
1961 28.30 40.40 15.35
1971 34.45 45.96 21.97
1981 43.57 56.38 29.76
1991 52.21 64.13 39.29
2001 64.83 75.26 53.57
2011 73.00 80.90 64.60

Literacy Rate in Madhya Pradesh (%)

Year Total Male Female
1951 13.16 20.28 4.96
1961 21.41 32.96 8.88
1971 27.27 39.37 13.93
1981 38.63 49.25 26.94
1991 44.67 58.54 29.35
2001 63.70 76.10 50.30
2011 59.32 78.73 59.24
Literates (Age 7 years and above)
 In Madhya Pradesh, the number of literates is 42.9 million. Out of these
28.3 million literates are in rural areas and 14.6 million literates in urban
areas. An increase of 11.3 million literates during the decade 2001-2011,
rural areas accounted for 7.5 million and urban areas 3.7 million.
 In Madhya Pradesh male literates are 25.2 million (58.7% of the total
literates).
 In Madhya Pradesh female literates are 17.7 million (41.3% of the total
literates).
Effective Literacy Rate
 The effective literacy rate in Madhya Pradesh is 69.3% (Rural – 63.9%;
Urban – 82.8%) marking an increase of 5.6 percentage points (6.1
percentage points in rural areas and 3.4 percentage points in urban areas)
during the last decade.
 In Madhya Pradesh, the male literacy rate is 78.7% (Rural – 74.7%; urban
88.7%). The highest male literacy rate in rural areas is in Bhind (84.8%),
while the lowest is in Alirajpur (37.9%).
 In urban areas, the lowest male literacy rate is in Tikamgarh (82.2%) and
the highest is in Seoni (93.3%).
 In Madhya Pradesh, the female literacy rate is 59.2% (Rural – 52.4%;
Urban – 76.5%). The highest female literacy rate in rural areas is in
Balaghat (67.1%), while the lowest is in Alirajpur (26.4%).
 In urban areas, the lowest female literacy rate is in Sheopur (62.3%) and
the highest in Seoni (84.3%).
 The female literacy rate in Madhya Pradesh has increased significantly by
8.9 percentage points in the last decade (Rural – 9.6 percentage points
and Urban – 6.0 percentage points).
 On the other land, male literacy rate increased slightly by 2.6 percentage
points (Rural – 3.0 percentage points and Urban – 1.3 percentage points).
 The literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh has been 69.32% as per census 2011,
in which male literacy being 78.73% and that of female 59.24%.
  The total literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh lags the national average by
3.7% (73% being national literacy rate).
 Madhya Pradesh has been ranked 28th in terms of total literacy rate in the
country. There has been a decadal increase of 5.60% in the total literacy
rate of the state between 2001-2011.
 Jabalpur and Alirajpur are the districts with highest and lowest literacy
rates at 81% and 36% respectively.
District wise Literacy(%) Rate
District Total Male Female District Total Male Female
• Datia 72.63 84.20 59.41 • Umaria 65.89 76.02 55.23
• Dewas 69.35 80.30 57.76 • Vidisha 70.53 79.14 60.85
• Dhar 59.00 68.95 48.77 • Betul 68.90 76.65 60.94
• Dindori 63.90 75.47 52.41 • Bhind 75.26 85.40 63.14
• Khandwa 66.39 76.29 55.92 • Badwani 49.08 55.70 42.39
• Khargone 62.70 72.08 53.03 • Bhopal 80.37 85.42 74.87
• Mandla 66.87 77.52 56.39 • Chhatarpur 63.74 72.66 53.59
• Mandsaur 71.78 85.14 57.98 • Chindwada 71.16 79.04 63.01
• Narsinghpur 75.69 83.64 67.06 • Damoh 69.73 79.27 59.22
• Neemuch 70.80 83.91 57.13 • Guna 63.23 74.05 51.36
• Panna 64.79 74.14 54.44 • Gwalior 76.65 84.70 67.38
• Raisen 72.98 80.81 64.24 • Harda 72.50 81.14 63.27
•Rajgarh 61.21 73.02 48.95 • Hoshangabad 75.29 83.35 66.45
• Ratlam 66.78 77.54 55.77 • Indore 80.87 87.25 74.02
• Rewa 71.62 81.43 61.16 • Jhabua 43.30 52.85 33.77
• Sagar 76.46 84.85 67.02 • Ashok Nagar 66.42 78.12 53.42
• Satna 72.26 81.37 62.45 • Anuppur 67.88 78.26 57.30
• Sihore 70.06 80.83 58.33 • Katni 71.98 81.92 61.56
• Seoni 72.12 80.45 63.67 • Burhanpur 64.36 71.80 56.58
• Shahdol 66.67 76.14 56.99 • Jabalpur 81.07 87.29 74.37
• Shajapur 69.09 81.47 55.93 • Shivpuri 62.55 74.56 48.79
• Siddhi 64.43 74.44 54.07 • Sheopur 57.43 69.33 44.23
• Singrauli 60.41 71.34 48.53 • Balaghat 77.09 85.36 69.04
• Tikamgarh 61.43 71.77 49.97 • Alirajpur 36.10 42.02 30.29
• Ujjain 72.34 83.46 60.74 • Morena 71.03 82.93 56.90

Number of literate Individuals 7 years and above as

per Census 2011
Year 2001 2011
Population 3,15,92,563 4,28,51,169
Male 1,96,72,274 2,51,74,328
Female 1,19,20,289 1,76,76,841

District Literacy rate (2011)

Maximum % Minimum%
District Literacy District Literacy
Jabalpur 81.1 Alirajpur 36.1
Indore 80.9 Jhabua 43.3
Bhopal 80.4 Badwani 49.1
Balaghat 77.1 Sheopur 57.4
Gwalior 76.7 Dhar 59.0
 District Female Literacy rate
Maximum % Minimum%
District Literacy District Literacy
Bhopal 74.9 Alirajpur 30.3
Jabalpur 74.4 Jhabua 33.8
Indore 74.0 Badwani 42.4
Balaghat 69.0 Sheopur 44.4
Gwalior 67.4 Singrauli 48.5

District Male Literacy rate

Maximum % Minimum%
District Literacy District Literacy
Jabalpur 87.29 Alirajpur 42.02
Indore 87.25 Khandwa 46.30
Bhopal 85.42 Jhabua 52.9
Bhind 85.40 Badwani 55.7
Balaghat 85.36 Dhar 68.9

Workers
 In Madhya Pradesh the total numbers of workers is 31.6 million. Out of
these 20.1 million workers are male and 11.4 million are female.
 The workers in Madhya Pradesh have registered a growth of 22.4%, which
is marginally higher than the overall population growth rate of 20.3%
during the decade.
 The male workers have grown by 24.4% as against the female workers
growth of 19.0%.
 In Madhya Pradesh 24.7 million workers are in the rural areas and 6.9
million, are in the urban areas.
 The female workers in rural & urban areas are 10.0 million and 1.5 million
respectively.
Work Participation Rate
 The work participation rate (WPR) for the state of Madhya Pradesh 43.5%.
The WPR for males has increased to 53.6% in 2011 in comparison to 51.5%
in Census 2001. The female WPR has reduced marginally from 33.2% in
2001 to 32.6% in 2011.
 In Madhya Pradesh, Dindori (55.3%) ranks first in WPR for total workers as
well as female workers (52.9%). Bhind (30.6%) reported the lowest WPR
for total workers as well as female workers (8.4%). The highest male WPR
has been recorded in Mandsaur (58.2%) and lowest in Morena (49.2%).
Trade Structure
 Percentage of economically active population happens to be an important
index of development. Distribution of population on the basis of various
kinds types of trade, termed trade structure.
 Different trades have been practiced by different people all across the
world.
Number of workers in Madhya Pradesh
• Total no. of workers in Madhya 3,15,74,133 (43.5%)
Pradesh
• Male 2,01,46,970 (53.6%)
• Female 1,14,27,163 (32.6%)
• Rural 2,47,15,198 (47%)
• Urban 68,58,935 (34.2%)
 Total Population of Madhya Pradesh including Male and Female (census 2011)
S. District Total Female Male S. District Total Female Male
1. Indore 32,76,697 15,77,070 6,99,697 27. Raisen 13,31,597 6,31,239 7,00,358
2. Jabalpur 24,63,289 11,86,011 12,77,278 28. Sihore 13,11,332 6,27,589 6,83,743
3. Sagar 23,78,458 11,22,201 12,56,257 29. Khandwa 13,10,061 6,35,732 6,74,329
4. Bhopal 23,71,061 11,34,931 12,36,130 30. Katni 12,92,042 6,30,029 6,62,013
5. Rewa 23,65,106 11,40,006 12,25,100 31. Damoh 12,64,219 6,02,346 6,61,873
6. Satna 22,28,935 10,71,440 11,57,495 32. Guna 12,41,519 5,92,157 6,49,362
7. Dhar 21,85,793 10,73,068 11,12,725 33.Hoshangabad 12,41,350 5,92,625 6,48,725
8. Chhind- 20,90,922 10,26,454 10,64,468 34. Singrauli 11,78,273 5,64,636 6,13,637
wada
9. Gwalior 20,32,036 9,41,709 10,90,327 35. Sidhi 11,27,033 5,51,121 5,75,912
10. Ujjain 19,86,864 9,70,575 10,16,289 36. Narsinghpur 10,91,854 5,23,044 5,68,810
11. Morena 19,65,970 8,97,553 10,68,417 37. Shahdol 10,66,063 5,26,042 5,40,021
12. Khargone 18,73,046 9,19,925 9,53,121 38. Mandla 10,54,905 5,23,044 5,68,810
13. Chatarpur 17,62,375 8,26,254 9,36,121 39. Jhabua 10,52,048 5,10,025 5,15,023
14. Shivpuri 17,26,050 8,06,255 9,19,795 40. Panna 10,16,520 4,83,040 5,33,480
15. Bhind 17,03,005 7,76,162 9,26,843 41. Ashok Nagar 8,45,071 4,01,234 4,43,837
16. Balaghat 17,01,698 8,59,520 8,42,178 42. Neemuch 8,26,067 4,03,414 4,22,653
17. Betual 15,75,362 7,76,126 7,99,236 43. Datia 7,86,754 3,66,597 4,20,157
18. Dewas 15,63,715 7,58,356 8,05,359 44. Burhanpur 757847 3,69,343 3,88,504
19. Rajgarh 15,45,814 7,55,602 7,90,212 45. Anuppur 7,49,237 3,70,123 3,79,114
20. Shajapur 15,12,681 7,32,161 7,80,520 46. Alirajpur 7,28,999 3,66,457 3,62,542
21. Vidisha 14,58,875 6,89,307 7,69,568 47. Dindori 7,04,524 3,52,611 3,51,913
22. Ratlam 14,55,069 7,16,828 7,38,241 48. Sheopur 6,87,861 3,26,077 3,61,784
23. Tikamgarh 14,45,166 6,84,811 7,60,355 49. Umaria 6,44,758 3,14,084 3,30,674
24. Badwani 13,85,881 6,86,541 6,99,340 50. Harda 5,70,465 2,75,627 2,94,838
25. Seoni 13,79,131 6,83,252 6,95,879 51. Agar-Malwa 5,07,100 - -
26. Mandsaur 13,40,411 6,57,560 6,82,851 52. Niwadi 4,01,000 - -
 Process of Population Explosion and Change
 Population happens to be a dynamic process. Persistent change have been
observed in number, distribution and organization of masses.
 The casue of this change is attributed to birth, mortality and migration &
their coordination.
 Population change literally means periodic change in the number of
inhabitants of a particular state/country say in 10 years or as such. As of
now change in population can be depicted in two distinct ways-1. Relative
increase 2. Annual change in percentage.
 Increase in population within decade is a result of increase in total
population.
 Population gained after deducing former population (Census 2001) from
that of the later population (Census 2011) is called indirect increase in the
population.
 Rate of increase in population yet remain another important aspect of
population growth.
 It has been studied annually in percentage. For example 2% annual
increase in population means an increase of 2 persons per 100 persons in
the forthcoming year. This is also known as annual increase.
 There has been step increase in the population since 1951. Maximum
increase in the population have been observed between 1961 and 1971
(29.28%).
Analysis of Trend of Decadal Growth between Madhya Pradesh and India
S. Decadal Decadal Population Total Decadal Population Total
No. Year Growth Rate of MP Population Growth Rate of MP Population
1. 1901-1911 12.38 1,42,49,382 5.74 25,20,93,390
2. 1911-1921 -2.4% 1,39,06,774 0.30 25,13,21,213
3. 1921-1931 10.21 1,53,26,879 11.0 27,89,77,238
4. 1931-1941 12.06 1,71,75,722 14.22 31,86,60,580
5. 1941-1951 8.38 1,86,14,931 13.31 36,10,88,090
6. 1951-1961 24.73 2,32,17,910 21.64 43,92,34,771
7. 1961-1971 29.28 3,00,16,625 24.79 54,81,59,652
 8. 1971-1981 27.16 3,81,68,507 24.66 68,33,29,097
9. 1981-1991 27.24 4,85,66,242 23.86 84,64,21,039
10. 1991-2001 24.34 6,03,48,023 21.53 1,02,87,37,436
11. 2001-2011 20.35 7,26,26,809 17.70 1,2108,54,977

District Decadal Population Growth (2001-2011)

District (%) District (%) District (%) District (%)
Indore 32.88 Katni 24.41 Khargone 22.85 Seoni 18.22
Jhabua 30.70 Harda 20.25 Shivpuri 22.94 Mandla 17.97
Bhopal 28.62 Tikamgarh 20.13 Ashok-Nagar 22.66 Sagar 17.63
Singrauli 28.05 Vidisha 20.09 Sehore 21.54 Shahdol 17.39
Badwani 27.57 Rewa 19.86 Khandwa 21.50 Shajanpur 17.20
Guna 26.97 Ratlam 19.72 Hoshangabad 14.49 Damoh 16.63
Dhar 25.60 Dewas 19.53 Narsinghpur 14.01 Ujjain 16.12
Umaria 24.96 Burhanpur 19.37 Neemuch 13.77 Jabalpur 14.51
Gwalior 24.50 Bhind 19.21 Balaghat 13.60 Mandsaur 13.24
Sidhi 23.72 Satna 19.19 Chindwada 13.07 Betul 12.92
Morena 23.44 Panna 18.67 Dindori 21.32 Anuppur 12.30
Rajgarh 23.26 Datia 18.46 Aagar-Malwa - Niwadi -
Sheopur 22.94 Raisen 18.35

Districts with Maximum and Minimum Decadal Growth (%)

Maximum Increase Minimum Increase
S. District Rate S. District Rate
1. Indore 32.88 1. Anuppur 12.30
2. Jhabua 30.70 2. Betul 12.92
3. Bhopal 28.62 3. Chindwada 13.07
4. Singrauli 28.05 4. Mandsaur 13.24
5. Badwani 27.57 5. Balaghat 13.60
 Owing to persistent improvement in medical services inside the country,
mortality rate has been controlled. However the birth rate has not been
controlled so far due to economic backwardness and poor education.
 Trend of population growth remained different during separate decades.
 Regional disparities have too been observed due to numerous reasons
inside the state as well.

Process of Population Growth or Population Change

Fertility Rate Mortality Rate Migration

 There are three major processes of population growth/change – Birth

rate, mortality rate and Migration. Difference in birth rate and that of and
mortality rate is known as natural growth in population.

Natural growth in Population = (Birth Rate – Mortality Rate)

 Birth rate is defined as the number of new borns per 1000 persons. It
happens to be a major constituent of population growth as such.
 Number of death per thousand person within a year is termed Mortality
rate. Advancement in medical service have emerged the major contributer
to population growth.
 Movement of people from one place to other with the motive to reside at
the later place is termed Migration.
 It has been considered the third major constituent of population growth.
Migration may be concluded inside the country or outside it.
 Although internal migration does not affect the size of population of a
country yet it has wide impact on population distribution either inside the
state or that of country. Migration plays important role in population
distribution change or change in its constituents.
 Maximum migration in Madhya Pradesh has been observed towards
towns and cities from that of village. The reason behind this movement
being the push factor inside the rural areas.
  Poverty and unemployment have worsen the situation inside rural area.
Full-factor towards unban area signify expansion of employment
opportunities and improved standard of living.
 As of now, migration happens to be an important constituent of
population. It not only changes the shape of population but also changes
the urban and rural population structure in terms of age and sex.
Religion Based Census in Madhya Pradesh - 2011
Religion Hinduism Islam Jainism Buddhism Christanity Sikh Other Religion Not
Disclosed
Total 90.89% 6.57% 0.78% 0.30% 0.29% 0.21% 0.83% 0.13%

Rural 94.80% 3.20% 0.21% 0.25% 0.17% 0.10% 1.13% 0.13%

Urban 80.62% 15.40% 2.28% 0.42% 0.62% 0.48% 0.04% 0.15%

Problem Created Due to Increasing Population

Hunger Malnutrition Environment

Degradation
Lower standard Poverty and
of living Unemployment

World Population Day : 11th July

 World Population Day has been started since 1988 by United Nations
Population Fund (UNFPA). 11th July 1987 was assumed base for the same.
 The day assumes popularity as 5 billionth child belonging to Yugoslavia took
birth on. As of now World Population Day has been observed on 11th of July
every year.
 World has attained 6 billion population on 12th October, 1999 while that of 7
billion on 31st October, 2011.
 Theme of World Population Day 2020 was to awareness about safeguarding
sexual and reproductive health, needs and vulnerabilities of women and girls
during Covid 19 pandemic.
 Population Control
 Increase in population happens to be a serious issue both for India and
Madhya Pradesh. Several commissions, programmes and policies have
been enacted to control population.

1. Family Planning Program – 1948

2. Constitution of National Population commission – 1978
3. Constitution of Swaminathan commission – 1984
4. Declaration of National population policy - 1999

Population Policy of MP

 As early as 1951, India was the only country in the world which had set for
herself a national demographic goal in terms of a desired reduction in
Crude Birth Rate (CBR).
 An official programme of family planning as a part of Five-Year Plan was
launched. For the first time, a National Population Policy was adopted in
April 1976, which was revised in 1977.
 At present three policies are in operation in India that have direct impact
on population issues and availability of family planning services. These are
the National Population Policy (NPP) 2000, National Health Policy (NHP)
2002, and National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) 2005.
 At the sub-national level, Government of Madhya Pradesh had adopted a
state level population policy in the year 2000.
 The Madhya Pradesh Population Policy 2000 laid down to reach a Total
Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1, Couple Protection Rate (CPR) to around 65%,
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to be
reduced to the level of 95 and 220 respectively with several other socio-
demographic-health goals (parameters) to be achieved by the year 2011.
 In spite of the perceptible decline in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.6 in
1991 to 2.3 in 2013, India is yet to achieve replacement level of 2.1.
 24 States/UTs have already achieved replacement level of TFR bv 2013,
while states like UP and Bihar with large population base still have TFR of
3.1 and 3.4 respectively.
 The other states lie Jharkhand (TFR 2.7), Rajasthan (TFR 2.8), Madhya
Pradesh (TFR 2.9), and Chhattisgarh (TFR 2.6) continue to have higher
levels of fertility and contribute to the growth of population.
 The National Population Policy 2000, is uniformly applicable to the whole
country. In pursuance of this policy, Government has taken a number of
measures under Family Planning Programme and as a result, Population
Growth Rate in India has reduced substantially which is evident from the
following :
- The percentage decadal growth rate of the country has declined
significantly from 21.5% for the period 1991-2001 to 17.7% during 2001-
2011.
- Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 3.2 at the time when National Population
Policy, 2000 was adopted and the same has declined to 2.3 as per Sample
registration Survey (SRS) 2013 conducted by the Registrar General of
India.
 As the existing NPP-2000 is uniformly applicable to all irrespective of
religions and communities etc. therefore no proposal is under
consideration of the Government to formulate new uniform population
policy.
 Family Planning Division is working on the national and state wise action
plans so as to achieve FP 2020 goals. The key commitments of FP 2020 are
as under :
- Increasing financial commitment on Family Planning whereby India
commits an allocation of 2 billion USD from 2012 to 2020.
- Ensuring access to family planning services to 48 million (4.8 crore)
additional women by 2020 (40% of the total FP 2020 goal).
- Sustaining the coverage of 100 million (10 crore) women currency using
contraceptives.
Two Child Policy of Madhya Pradesh
 Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh implemented the two-child policy in 2001
 for both the government jobs and local body elections. In 2005, both states
discontinued it for elections after complaints that such rule is not applicable in
assembly and parliamentary elections. In Madhya Pradesh, however, tow-
child policy continues for government jobs and judicial services.
 Madhya Pradesh follows the two-child norm since 2001. Under Madhya
Pradesh Civil Services (General Condition of Services Rules, if the third childe
was born on or after January 26, 2001, one becomes ineligible for government
service. The rule also applies to higher judicial services.

 MP followed the two-child norm for candidates of local body elections

unitl 2005, when it was discontinued by the BJP government after
objections were raised on the ground that such a rule was not applicable
in assembly and parliamentary elections.
 Madhya Pradesh government in June 2006 slightly amended a provision
that made a person with more than two offspring ineligible for
appointment to a government post, reconsidering a 2000 amendment –
made during the predecessor Congress regime – to Rule 6 of the Madhya
Pradesh Civil Service Rules, 1961. Henceforth, two deliveries and not two
children would be the eligibility criterion in view of the possibility of twins.
 In August 2020, Supreme Court while hearing an appeal, has held that
district judges in Madhya Pradesh were free to take disciplinary action
against employees with more than two children.

Objective Population Policy 2000 (Amended)

To gain population To improve health and

stability by 2070 family welfare program
Ensure women pacticipation in
Programmes related to population
Control up to maximum possible extent

 As per Clause (4) of Rule 22 of the Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, A

government servant having more than two children shall be deemed to
have committed a misconduct if one of them was born on or after January
26, 2001.
Steps have been taken to control population of Madhya Pradesh as per National
Population Policy. For example – Reduction of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to 2.10 to
stabilize population growth till 2020 AD, other family planning programmes like
sterilization, supply of contraceptive pills, resources, apart from popularizing
them effectively.

POLICE SET-UP IN MADHYA PRADESH

POLICE-A GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Policing in India continues to be governed by the Police Act of 1861 passed
during the British times. So it would be safe to say that Indian policing is
broadly based on British model of policing.
Under the federal constitution of India, policing and public order have been
placed under the State List (contained in the 7th Schedule of the Indian.
Constitution). Hence, maintenance of law and order is a state subject.
MADHYA PRADESH POLICE HIERARCHY
HOME SECRETARY OF MADHYA PRADESH
The Home Secretary is the highest official of the state in the Home
Department and the Director General of Police reports to him. He is a senior
IAS officer.
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE (DGP)
DGP is in charge of the state police force. He is the top police official of the
state and the senior most IPS officer of the state. DGP of the state is the
person who looks after the complete law and order situation in the state.
Director General of Police, Madhya Pradesh, being the Chief of the State
Police, obviously is the nerve center of the entire police force. The DGP also
functions as expert advisor to the Government on police matters.
Main functions of the DGP office include policy formation, providing advice
top Government on various police matters, and coordinating with the
government and other departments. DGP office monitors and coordinates the
functioning of all the branches in Police Headquarters as well as the field units.
 The DGP, who is the leader of the entire police force of the State, sets goals
for the force, provides directions on all important matters, plans important
policing activities, co-ordinates all important policing activities, co-ordinates all
important activities and functions, monitors progress, controls different
activities in the organization, ensure effective communication, debriefs and
evaluates performance of the different organs of the organization.
ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE (ADGP)
ADGP is just below the DGP. This post was created in to effectively distribute
work, assist the top police officials and help them in efficiently maintaining law
and order in the state.
INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE (IG)
IG in charge of a zone which comprises one or more than one range. There are
11 IG ranges as of now. The office of the IG is divided into following two
parts :
1. The General Branch, which deals with all matters of general
administration.
2. The criminal Branch which deals with crime and includes (a) the Criminal
Investigation Department, the Intelligence Bureau and the Finger Print
Bureau, (b) the Special Branch, and (c) the Railway Police. The Deputy
Inspector General of Police. Crime and Railways is in charge of the Criminal
Branch.
DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE (DIG)
He is in charge of a range which comprises one or more districts. There are 15
DIG ranges as of now. The functions of Deputy Inspector-General include both
administrative and executive functions.
Administratively, the Deputy Inspector General of Police acts as the
assistant of the Inspector General in the control and supervision of the police
force in his range. He also maintains the efficiency and discipline of the police
force in his range.
To this end, DIG is expected to inspect the office of each Superintendent in
his range once a year, reporting the results to the Inspector-General, and
should tour as feely as possible in his districts. He is responsible for bringing to
the notices of the Inspector-General every matter, which requires his
attention.
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE (SSP)
This system is not present everywhere. It was started on trial basis in Madhya
Pradesh in some districts. Indore and Bhopal were of the few districts where
post of SSP was created. In general, this post is designated for larger districts.
SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE (SP)
This post is the most critical post and the nodal point of law and order
enforcement in the state. SP is, in general, and IPS officer and may sometimes
be an officer promoted from the state police service. The Superintendent of
Police is head of the police force of his district and is responsible for its internal
economy and management, its efficiency and discipline, and the proper
performance of its duties. He must see that all orders issued by the courts or
other competent authorities are promptly carried out.
Just below the rank of SP, there is an Additional Superintendent of Police
(ASP) who basically assists SP in law and order enforcement in the district.
Below the rank of ASP, is the Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) who is
either from the state police forces (selected by the State Public Service
Commission) or is promoted from the lower ranks.
Town Inspector or TI is incharge of a police station and is assisted by sub
inspectors, police head constables and police constable.
Note :- The present highest ranking post that is Director General of Police was created in the
year 1982, prior to that the highest ranking police official of the state was Inspector General
of police or IG.
First police DGP of MP- Sri V.P. Dubey
First IG of MP- Shri B.G. Ghate
Second Inspector General of Police was Shri KF Rustamji who later on created a new Central
force the Border Security Force, BSF.
Present DGP of MP- Shri Rishi Kumar Shukla.
Responsibility for enforcing law- The magistracy shares with the police the
responsibility for enforcing law and order and for preventing injustice. It is the
duty of the police to obey all lawful orders issued by judicial officers in the
exercise of their legal powers to execute and serve all processes issued by
them and to treat every magistrate with courtesy and respect.
ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OF MADHYA PRADESH STATE POLICE
• Number of IG ranges -11
• Number of DIG ranges-15
• Ratio of Area per Policeman (Civil and Others)-3.7 sq km
• Ratio of Area per Policeman (Total) – 2.9 sq km
• Ratio of Population per Policeman (Civil and Others) – 865.8 persons
• Ratio of Population per Policeman (Total) – 678.3 persons
• Number of C.S.P. -52
• Number of S.D.O.P. -179
• Number of Police Station (D.E.F.)-897
• A.J.K. Police Station-52
• Women Police Station-9
• Railways Police Station-25
• C.I.D. Police Station-1
• Cyber Police Station-1
• Narcotics Police Station-1
• Traffic Police Station-48
• Total Police Station-1035
• Number of Out Posts-562
(Data Taken From Department of Home, Government of MP)

IG Ranges in MP
Police Range (IG Range) Included Districts
Indore Dhar, Jahbua, Khargone, Khandwa, Barwani,
Burhanpur, Alirajpur
Bhopal Bhopal, Rajgarh, Sehore, Vidisha
Ujjain Ujjain, Dewas, Ratlam, Shajapur, Neemuch,
 Mandsaur, Agar Malwa
Gwalior Gwalior, Shivpuri, Guna, Ashoknagar
Chambal (HQ-Morena) Bhind, Morena, Datia, Sheopur
Sagar Sagar, Damoh, Tikamgarh, Niwari, Panna,
Chhattarpur
Jabalpur Jabalpur, Narsinghpur, Chhindwara, Seoni,
Katni
Rewa Rewa, Sidhi, Satna, Singrauli
Shahdol Shahdol, Umaria, Anuppur
Hoshangabad (HQ-Bhopal) Hoshangabad, Harda, Betul, Raisen
Balaghat Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori

List of Inspector Generals of Police (Madhya Pradesh)

S. No. Name From Till
1. B.G. Ghate I.P.S. 01.11.1956 31.05.1958
2. K.F. Rutham Ji I.P.S. 01.06.1958 19.07.1965
3. B.M. Shukla I.P.S. 20.07.1965 15.02.1968
4. B.A. Sharma I.P.S. 16.02.1968 14.04.1969
5. B.M. Shukla I.P.S. 15.04.1969 31.12.1972
6. R.N. Nagu I.P.S. 01.01.1973 04.05.1974
7. K.L. Dewan I.P.S. 05.05.1974 02.01.1975
8. H.M. Joshi I.P.S. 04.01.1975 21.04.1977
9. J.S. Kukreja I.P.S. 22.04.1977 06.05.1977
10. H.M. Joshi I.P.S. 07.05.1977 01.08.1977
11. K.K. Dubey I.P.S. 02.08.1977 02.12.1978
12. B.P. Dubey I.P.S. 03.12.1978 20.02.1979
13. P.R. Khurana I.P.S. 21.02.1979 06.03.1980
14. J.S. Kukreja I.P.S. 07.03.1980 14.04.1981
 15. B.P. Dubey I.P.S. 15.04.1981 23.03.1982

MADHYA PRADESH OTHER PUBLIC ORDER ENFORCEMENT

AGENCIES
1. SPECIAL ARMED FORCE (SAF)
This special purpose Police Force is utilized in combating banditry and in
situations of emergencies, crowd control, maintaining order in fairs and
festivals and other crowed events. Madhya Pradesh Special Armed Forces Act
1968 was passed to combat banditry and dacoits in north and north east part
of Madhya Pradesh . At present there are 26 battalions of SAF.
2. RAILWAY POLICE (RP)
The personnel and structure of Railway Police is totally separate. It is headed
by IG rank officer in state. It goes without saying that it is this police force
which deals with the safety of railway passengers and property. Madhya
Pradesh Railway Police has been divided into three sections:
3. HOME GUARDS
Similar to Railway Police, the Home Guards too have their own separate
structure. Their services are used during special occasions, such as riots and
rallies as well as for securing property, etc. The headquarter of Madhya
Pradesh Home Guards is in Civil Lines at Jabalpur and its main Training
Institute is at Mangeli, Jabalpur. The organization is headed by a DIG rank
officer.
4. ANUSUCHIT JANTATI KALYAN WING (AJK)
The Constitutional framers made Social Justice one of the chief goals to be
achieved by all in the country.
To achieve this goal, some extra efforts are certainly required from those
states which have a sizeable population of vulnerable sections, especially the
backwards classes. Madhya Pradesh is among those states which have a high
population of Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes.
To achieve the aim of Social Justice for all, the old British Era policing
structure was definitely not sufficient and even the personnel was not trained
for such objectives. Recognizing these problem, Madhya Pradesh government
took proactive steps, enacted various social empowerment schemes and acts
 and even established the specialized police setup, the Anusuchit Janjati Kalyan
Wing in 1973.
AJK police stations have been set up throughout the state to register and
investigate complaints of SC and ST within the territory of the state. An
Additional Director General of Police rank officer is the head of this force.
PRO WOMEN INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF MADHYA PRADESH
1. THE NIRBHAYA PATROL SQUAD
India’s first all female police unit for fighting crime against women was
established in Bhopal on 16 December, 2013. It is also known by the name of
Nirbhaya Mobile. It responds to calls received from the Bhopal women’s helpline
number 1090.
2. MAHILA THANA
It registers only women related complaints and holds only women prisoners. First
Women Police Station (Thana) of the state was opened in Hoshangabad district of
Madhya Pradesh.
3. GAURAVI MISSION (ABHIYAN)
Gauravi Mission (Abhiyan) has been launched to ensure and restore honor and
dignity of women who are victims of various kinds of violence. Through this
mission, legal, psychological and police assistance and is India’s first one-stop
crisis resolution center. Its first center was inaugurated at Bhopal on 16 June,
2014 by former Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan in the presence of noted
film actor Amir Khan. Amir Khan is the brand ambassador of this mission.
The executive agency of this mission is Department of Health and an NGO
Action Aid.

PRELIMS CAPSULE :
 After the state reorganization in 1956, Police Headquarter was established at
Bhopal.
 Police Memorial Day – 21st October.
 Madhya Pradesh Economic Crime Bureau was established in 1983 and its
headquarter is also based at Bhopal.
 In 1960, CID headquarter was established at Bhopal.
 Police Motor Workshop Training Center is at Rewa.
 Traffic Police Training Center is at Bhopal.
 First Metro Police Station is Habibganj.
 Since 1995, yoga education has been made compulsory for prisoners.
 The DGP works under the Home Secretary. S
 Jawaharlal Nehru Police Academy is at Sagar.
 First woman IPS officer of Madhya Pradesh was Asha Gopalan.
 Police fire brigade branches of Madhya Pradesh are present at Indore and
Pithampur (Dhar).
 DIG office of Indore in Madhya Pradesh is the first office of the country to be
certified with ISO 9001-2000 certification.
 National Training Institute for the training of Deputy Superintendent of Police
is proposed at Bhopal.
 Special Armed Forces Act was first implemented in the year 1968 in Madhya
Pradesh.
 Harijan and Adivasi Prakosht was established at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh.
 Crime Research Training Center is at Sagar.
 New police recruits and platoon commanders are trained at Jabalpur (6th
battalion).
 Armed Police Training Center is established at Indore.
 Forensic Science Laboratory is at Sagar.
 Police Wireless Training College is established at Indore in MP to train the
police personnel.
 To improve the management and maintenance of prisons, Jail Improvement
Committee was formed in the state with Brajeshwar Singh as chairman.
 The first open prison in the state was established in the year 1973 at
Mungawali in Guna district which is presently in Ashoknagar by the name of
Navjeevan Shivir. The second open jail was opened at Lakhimpur in Panna
district in the year 1975.
 Women’s Prison has been established in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya
Pradesh.
 Prisons for juveniles have been established at Narsinghpur, Jabalpur and
Lakhimpur.
 Regional Jail Management and Research Institute is situated at Bhopal and Jail
Training Center is at Sagar.
 The complete police administration works under the department of home.
 First ISO Certified police station-Dewas.
 Madhya Pradesh government organized 15 February 1964 as Prisoners
Welfare Day at Bhopal.
 An ideal Women’s Jail has been established at Jabalpur.
 Dog training center is at Bhadbhada, Bhopal.
 Madhya Pradesh Police Net facility-POLNET.
 Headquarters of Home Guard Para Police Force is at Jabalpur.
 The police force employed in the Madhya Pradesh consists of constabulary
appointed and enrolled under Section 2 of the Indian Police Act, 1861.
NOTE Ranges:- For administrative purpose, the State is divided into Ranges, each being in
charge of a DIG.
Constable Schools: Constable Schools of MP are located at Tigra (Gwalior), Umaria,
Indore, Rewa and Pachmarhi. They are under the charge of officers of the rank of
Deputy Superintendent of Police and are established for the training of head
constables and constables.
G.R.P.: The whole of the railway police system within the state has been divided into
three police sections viz. Bhopal section, Indore section and Jabalpur section. Each
section is under the charge of a Superintendent, who in turn is under the supervision
and control of the Deputy General. GRP (Government Railway Police).
Police College: The Madhya Pradesh Police College at Sagar is under the charge of an
officer of the rank of Superintendent of Police, and is established for the training of
Gazetted officers and Sub-Inspectors.
Railway Zone: G.R.P. Bhopal, G.R.P. Jabalpur, G.R.P. Indore.