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Cultural Perspective

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Hafsah Hassan
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31 views4 pages

Cultural Perspective

..

Uploaded by

Hafsah Hassan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cultural perspective

Chinese technology advancements:


With limited arable land and water, China will have to sharply increase farming productivity
through technology, including genetically modified crops, and expand area under cultivation.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmentalscience/articles/10.3389/
fenvs.2023.1268432/full
[REVIEW article Front. Environ. Sci., 17 October 2023 Sec. Environmental Economics and
Management]
According to this article, due to China’s large population base, high consumption of agricultural
and sideline products, imperfect alternative technologies for fertilizers, and a large volume of
greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry, China’s agricultural carbon emissions have
been continuously increasing. Thanks to the government’s emphasis on green and low-carbon
agricultural development, China’s total agricultural carbon emissions have remained stable at
7%–8% since 2012, showing a significant downward trend in recent years. The development of
low-carbon agriculture mainly relies on agricultural technological innovation.
China has also been investing in seed technology and research:
In April 2024, Beijing, capital of china, launched a drive to raise grain output by at least 50
million tons by 2030, spotlighting upgraded farmland and investments in seed technology for
higher crop yields and quality. China is also pouring millions of dollars into research of farming
water-intensive crops such as rice in the deserts of Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. [1]
Agrivoltaics system in china:
Agrivoltaics involves a compromise between agriculture and PV development, in china this is
known as Photovoltaic agriculture.
Photovoltaic agriculture can effectively alleviate the contradiction between more population and
less land, powerfully promote the development of controlled environmental agriculture,
evidently increase economic benefits of farmers, and significantly improve environment due to
emissions reduction in China. In recent years, photovoltaic agriculture has a rapid development
in China due to powerful support policies, flourishing controlled environmental agriculture,
policy-oriented rural electrification and promising electric machinery for greenhouse. Therefore,
photovoltaic agriculture provides new opportunity for China's photovoltaic industry, thus not
only to solve the dilemma of overcapacity for China's photovoltaic industry effectively, but also
to accelerate the development of modern agriculture in China. [2]
Comparing Pakistan and China:
Agriculture is a vital industry in China and Pakistan. China is a worldwide major producer of
rice, cotton, wheat, potato, sorghum, peanut, tea, millet, barley, oilseed, pork, and fish. Pakistan
also is one of the world's leading producers and suppliers of agricultural products. However, In
China, new technologies of crop management have been developed by using systems
approaches, while in Pakistan there is nothing else.
In Pakistan, productivity in various sub-sectors of agriculture continues to be rather low relative
to the developed and many developing countries with similar resource base. It is also argued that
Pakistan’s economy would be more and more integrated into the world economy and it would
become increasingly difficult for the agriculture sector to compete in the world market unless
higher growth in agricultural productivity is ensured on sustainable basis. [3]
The average agricultural production of China is 544 million tons. Average agricultural land is
173 million hectares, agricultural workers are 318 million, number of agricultural tractors are
12.12 and average fertilizers used for agricultural production in China is 36.50 million tons.
While in Pakistan the average agricultural production is 73.75 million tons, average agricultural
land is 15.25 million hectares, on an average agricultural workers are 17.46 million, average
number of agricultural tractors is 0.317 million and the average agricultural fertilizers used in
Pakistan is 1.07 million tons. [4]
For the last two decades, Pakistan has been facing severe climate change, which has adversely
impacted the productivity of cash crops, and citrus is no exception. Due to its unmatched
importance to the country’s foreign exchange and rural livelihood, it has been deemed imperative
to elevate its production and attain maximum output. As the country’s agriculture vulnerability is
well established, farmers need to adapt and incorporate sustainable practices in their current
farming methods. [5]
The Problems faced by farmers in Pakistan are not just about production; they also involve
market access, price fluctuations, and lack of information. The role of capital input is
becoming more and more important with the advancement of farm technology but the
farmers in Pakistan do not possess advanced capital to increase their crop produce
effectively, so they are still using the traditional methods of farming. [6]

[1] https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-food-security-dream-faces-land-soil-water-
woes-2024-05-23/
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032117301053#:~:text=In
%20recent%20years%2C%20photovoltaic%20agriculture,promising%20electric%20machinery
%20for%20greenhouse.
[3] (science_technology_based_agriculture_vis20160526-19863-1q7d2hr-libre.pdf)
[4]
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shoaib-Wagan/publication/329773124_A_comparative_study_on_agricultural_production_efficiency_between_China_and_Paki
stan_using_Data_Envelopment_Analysis_DEA/links/5c19d4c3299bf12be38a2b6b/A-comparative-study-on-agricultural-production-efficiency-between-China-and-
Pakistan-using-Data-Envelopment-Analysis-DEA.pdf

[5] https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2054
[6] https://concaveagri.com/farmer-challenges/
Survey analysis:
Through our survey conducted through Google forms we learned that:
 Out of 127 people, 70.6% of the people believe that improved irrigation practices could
help mitigate water scarcity and water wastage for agriculture.
 Out of 127 people, 60.3% of them were willing and 29.4% somewhat willing to support
local initiatives aiming at conserving agricultural lands and improving water
management.
https://forms.gle/DdXvhMgth93X31ux9
Interviews:
 Through interview with a professor at water dept. in LUMS about how water
mismanagement affects agricultural output and how do we overcome these problems.
 Through interview with an assistant at agriculture dept. in LUMS working on their
project Agrivoltaic, its main components and how it will change agriculture in Pakistan.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xq_MuTvpWwPTamsS4yHiQbD8Yh-MxvRp/view

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WMQ24jjQp_QmF4_CvndX5D-J5ZT13ANq/view

 What did we learn?

WATER INTERVIEW: We learned that water security is an increasingly important issue that
constitutes one of the biggest challenges to Pakistan’s development. Agriculture happens to be
the largest sub-sector of water use, as it consumes around 93% of total water resources available
(surface and groundwater). Thus, mismanagement of water will have its biggest impact on
Pakistan’s agricultural sector. To tackle the challenges of scale, we must move to the next
generation of smart water management, which will be ICT powered and involve extensive
knowledge transfers and virtual water transfers. https://wit.lums.edu.pk/water-challenges-
pakistan
AGRIVOLTAIC INTERVIEW: LUMS Smart Agri-Field is a state-of-the-art, closed-loop,
model agricultural farm for developing and testing innovative practices for sustainable farming.
It aims at improving the crop yields, soil health, and lives of the farmer community, compared
with the orthodox agricultural practices. Data generated from the field will be accessible by
academia and industry to solve the grand challenges in agriculture.
https://sbasse.lums.edu.pk/lums-digital-sustainable-agriculture-facility

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