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Experiment No.2 Recall and Recognition final

Psychology (Christ (Deemed To Be University))

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Department of Psychology
P. E. Society’s
Modern College of Arts, Science & Commerce
Ganeshkhind, Pune
Name: Vikrant Vishal Bele.
Class: MA Psychology Part -I
Subject: Psychological Practical: Experiments
Experiment Name: Recall and Recognition
Experiment No: 2
Date of Conduction: 02/03/2023
Teacher Incharge: Prajakta Jori Ma'am
_______________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem:

To measure retention by the methods of recall and recognition, and to make a comparative study
of the process.

Hypothesis:
Recognition score of the participant will be higher than his/her recall score.

Variables:
Independent Variable: Method of retention
Dependent Variable: Retention score
Extraneous Variable: Memory, language skills, attention,etc.

Materials Required:
1. Set of 20 words (List A), each written in capital letters and having the same level of
difficulty.
2. Set of 20 words (List B), similar to List A in every aspect.
3. Metal Screen.
4. Result Table.
5. Stationery.

Procedure:
Part 1:
List A of 20 words is presented to the participant one by one for 5 seconds each. Then a 2 minute
break is given to the participant, during this time list A and list B are shuffled and conversation is
carried on with the participant so that he/she doesn’t get time to recall the words. A plain sheet of
paper is given to the participant and he/she is asked to write down all the words he/she can
remember from the list of words presented.

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Part 2:
In total 40 cards, that are a mixture of list A and list B are then shown to the participant. Then the
participant is asked to tell if the word presented was shown to him/her previously or not by
simply saying yes or no. The data should be recorded in the result table.

Instructions:
Part 1:
“I will be presenting cards with certain words written on them for 5 seconds each. Your task is to
read and remember them and recall them after a 2 minute break.”
Part 2:
“ Now, I will be presenting you cards with certain words written on it for 5 seconds each. Your
task is to tell me if the card was previously presented to you, by saying yes or no.”

Result Table:
Part 1:

Original word Recalled or Not Original word Recalled or not

MATH NO TRAIN NO

SOFA YES BOOK YES

RIVER NO PLANT NO

TOWEL YES STICK NO

JUICE NO TIME YES

MARCH YES DREAM NO

PRETTY NO LIGHT NO

NAIL NO STOP NO

FOOD YES ALARM NO

WATCH NO GRILL YES

Part 2:

Original Recognised Original Recognised Original Recognised Original Recognis

word or not word or not word or not word ed or not

MATH NO TRAIN YES GLASS YES SHOES YES

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SOFA YES BOOK YES CRAB NO BIKE YES

RIVER YES LANT YES TITLE YES DUCK YES

TOWEL YES STICK NO BENC YES CHILD YES

H

JUICE YES TIME YES BOAT YES FISH YES

MARC YES DREA YES PLATE YES COIN YES

H M

PRETT NO LIGHT NO FACE YES CHART YES

Y

NAIL YES STOP NO LEARN YES VOTE YES

FOOD YES ALAR NO TIGER YES LEVEL YES

M

WATCH NO GRILL YES BLUE YES SHIRT YES

Scores:
1. Recall Score:

2. Retention Score:

Retention score of the participant is calculated to be 60%, which is greater than the recall score
i.e. 45%.

Introspective Report:
Demographic Details:
1. Age: 23
2. Gender: male
3. Family type: joint
4. Family members:7

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5. Location of house: urban

6. Education: B.Com done, currently studying LLB
7. Occupation: Student, business of banner and flex making
8. Marital Status: Single
9. Father’s education: SSC complete
10. Father’s occupation: Government servant
11. Mother’s education: HSC pass
12. Mother’s occupation: Homemaker
13. Family’s economic status: middle class
The participant claimed that he uses periodic maintenance rehearsals rather than any
particular strategies or tricks to remember knowledge. An experiment subject revealed that he
only reviews his notes before exams and can only remember 20% of the words in them. Due to
his dearth of English language proficiency and Maharashtrian high school diploma, he found this
experiment to be quite challenging. The participant recorded the words he recalled rather than
employing any special memory techniques. He claimed that he is not academically gifted at all
and that he passed exams by using cheating.. Additionally, he claimed that if there had been no
discussion during the two minutes of a break, he would have at least written every word in Part
One of the test accurately.

Observations:
The participant remained composed throughout the full experiment. He did not employ any
particular memory-enhancing techniques; he was merely reading the text. In the second part of
the experiment, he wrote down some words that weren't on the list and failed to properly
recognise eight words.

Discussion:
The purpose of this experiment was to measure retention by using recall and recognition,
and to make a comparative study of the process. According to the proposed theory, the retention
score will be higher than the recall score. Retrieving knowledge from memory, presenting it
exactly as it is, and recognising it is the process of retention. Since there are more cues involved
in recognition than in recall, more cues spread activation to related material in memory, increase
the activation of the answer, and increase the likelihood that we will choose it. When the
respondent must remember the complete answer without any cues, this is why multiple choice
questions are simpler than open questions.
The words used in the lists should not be too long—exceeding six characters—and
should be no longer than three letters. The lists included common words found throughout nature
as well as short, straightforward words with only four or five characters. Because of factors like
their mental state (information overload), a language barrier (if they are used to rote learning),
and potential information overload that makes it difficult to recollect the words, some
participants might find it challenging to remember all of these words. Some people might forget

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the words as a result of anxiety or nervousness, while others might have a to-do list that is
extremely lengthy (which could cause information overload).
The participant was called into the cubicle, where he was made comfortable. Rapport was
established during the demographic information gathering session. Instructions were given for
both parts and a two-minute break was given to the participant during which time he was asked
how he remembered notes and shopping lists: he said that he did not use or need any trick to
remember; he also said that he struggled with academics and English language as he completed
his education till graduation in Marathi medium. He did not understand the meaning of 'nail'
from the list, even after telling its meaning. The participant said that he could recall only 20% of
what he learned in the examination due to a language barrier. After two minutes, the participant
was given paper and asked to recall and write down as many words as possible. He recalled
seven words correctly and wrote additional four words that were not part of the list: Family,
Party, shous (meaning "word") and noes ("no"). The participant said that he did not use any
specific trick to remember the words and would have recalled all words correctly if we had not
had a conversation with him during the 2-minute break. During this entire time—while A words
were shuffled with additional 20 words making it total 40—the written test was administered by
an assistant who flipped through sections of each sheet while she recorded each word on her
sheet.
The second portion's instructions were given, and the participant was shown all 40
shuffled cards with words written on them. He then had to identify which words he had already
seen in the first part. 32 words were recognised accurately by the participant, while 8 were
misidentified. The participant only mentioned that he has difficulty with the English language; he
made no mention of how he recalled or forgot the words. The participant was patient and kept his
composure throughout the entire exercise.
The participant's retention score was determined to be 60%, and their recall score was
45%. Here, we can infer from the results that recognition is a simpler technique for memory
retention than recall.. Since the recognition score was higher than the recall score, the hypothesis
was confirmed.

Conclusion:
The participant's recognition score was greater than the recall score, hence, the hypothesis was
supported.

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