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9 views

Case Study Doe

Uploaded by

saubasaubakeshwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CASE STUDY

NAME : M. Saubakeshwari
REGISTER NUMBER : 22STAU0345
CLASS : III – B.Sc. Statistics
COURSE TITLE : Design of Experiments
COURSE CODE : 22USTC9
TITLE OF THE STUDY : Factorial Experiments
DATE : 14.10.2024

COURSE OUTCOME

CO1: Understand the fundamental concepts and structure of factorial


experiments.
CO2: Learn how to design and analyze factorial experiments.
CO3: Apply statistical tools to interpret the results of factorial experiments.
CO4: Solve problems involving full factorial designs and understand their real-
world applications.
Factorial Experiment
Introduction
Factorial experiments are a type of experimental design used when researchers are
interested in studying the effects of two or more factors simultaneously. Unlike simple one-
factor experiments, factorial experiments allow the study of both the individual effects of each
factor and the interaction effects between factors. This type of design is especially useful in
situations where multiple factors may influence a response variable, and the goal is to identify
the best combination of these factors to optimize outcomes.
Explanation of Factorial Experiments
A factorial experiment involves studying two or more factors, each with two or more
levels. The main objective of these experiments is to observe the impact of each factor on the
response variable and also to examine if there is any interaction between the factors. In
factorial designs.
• Main Effect: The effect of changing one factor while holding the others constant.
• Interaction Effect: Occurs when the effect of one factor depends on the level of
another factor.
The simplest type of factorial design is a 2^k factorial design, where there are k factors,
and each factor has 2 levels (low and high). The number of experimental runs required for a
full factorial design is 2k which grows rapidly with the number of factors.
Notation and Structure
In a 2-level factorial design, factors are coded as +1 (high) and -1 (low). The levels of the
factors are combined in all possible ways, creating an experimental design matrix. For
instance, if we have two factors AAA and BBB, the experiment would involve four runs with
the following combinations of factor levels:

Factorial experiments allow the calculation of:


1. Main effects of factors (A and B).
2. Interaction effects between factors (A*B).
Example Problems

Example 1: 2-Factor Experiment in Agriculture

A researcher is studying the effect of fertilizer (Factor A) and irrigation level (Factor
B) on crop yield. Both factors are set at two levels: fertilizer (low = -1, hig= +1) and irrigation
(low = -1, high = +1). The yield (in kilograms) for each treatment combination is shown below:

Find the main effects of fertilizer and irrigation and determine if there is an interaction effect
between them.

Therefore, The main effects of both fertilizer and irrigation are significant, but there is no
interaction effect between them. The yield increases by 15 kg with higher levels of fertilizer
and by 10 kg with higher levels of irrigation.
Conclusion
Factorial experiments offer a comprehensive way to explore the effects of multiple
factors simultaneously. Through the study of main and interaction effects, these experiments
help researchers and analysts make informed decisions about optimizing processes and
improving outcomes. In practice, factorial designs provide more information in fewer runs
compared to one-factor-at-a-time designs, making them efficient and powerful tools for
analyzing complex systems.
This case study illustrates how factorial experiments work in theory and practice,
highlighting the value of understanding interactions between factors. Mastery of these
techniques enables students to approach experimental design more efficiently in various fields,
including agriculture, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals.
Reference
1. Montgomery, D. C. (2019). Design and Analysis of Experiments (10th ed.). Wiley.
2. Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters:
Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley.
3. Cochran, W. G., & Cox, G. M. (1992). Experimental Designs (2nd ed.). Wiley.
4. Mason, R. L., Gunst, R. F., & Hess, J. L. (2003). Statistical Design and Analysis of
Experiments (2nd ed.). Wiley.

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