Basics Of JavaScript Programming

 Class
 Properties
 Methods
 Constructor
 Inheritance
 Getters / Setters

Classe, Objects and Properties.

 In JavaScript, classes are a way to create objects.
 It work with OOP principles like inheritance, encapsulation, and abstraction.
 Key Concepts
o Class: Template for creating objects.
o Properties: Variables attached to the class that hold data.
o Methods: Functions inside a class that operate on class properties.
o Constructor: Special method for initializing properties when an object is created.
o Inheritance: A way to extend a class and reuse its functionality in another class.
o Getters/Setters: Methods to control access to properties.
 Creating a Class
o A class is defined using the class keyword followed by the class name.
o It can contain a constructor method, which is used to initialize object properties,
and other methods that operate on objects.
o Example:
o In The Following Example.
o Person is a class.
o The constructor initializes the name and age properties.
o show() is a method of the class.

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  Properties in JavaScript Classes
o Properties in classes refer to the variables associated with an object, which can
hold values.
o In the example above, name and age are properties of the Person class.
o Properties are usually defined and initialized in the constructor method.
 Methods in Classes
o A method is a function that is associated with a class.
o It can be used to perform actions on object properties or other tasks.
o The show() function is an example of a method in the Person class.
 Inheritance
o Classes can inherit from other classes, allowing you to create more specific
versions of a class.
o Example

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  Getters and Setters
o Getters and setters allow you to define methods that are used to get or set the
values of properties.
o It encapsulate the internal state of object.
o Getters and Setters are typically named without the “get” or “set” prefix.
o They represent a single properties.
o You define a getter or setter with get or set keyword followed by method name,
o When they accessed or assigned, they look like regular properties.
o Getter/Setter method names connot conflict with the actual property names.
o Its common practice to use an underscore (_) before internal property names
like ( _radius ) to distinguish them from the getter / setter method names.

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 o A getter function should not take any parameters. It is invoked like a property, so
no argument are expected.
o A setter function must accept exactly one parameter ( the value assigned to the
property)
o Getters/setters behave as if they are normal object properties. This means you
don’t call them as functions but accessed them like regular properties.
o You can not define both a getter and a regular property with the same name.
o You can define either setter or getter or both.
o If you define only a getter, the property will be read only.
o If you define only a setter, the property cannot be read.
o Get method return the value
o Set method assign the value.
o Getter / Setter are design for each property.
o Example:

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Querying and Setting Properties
 In JavaScript, properties of objects can be queried (retrieved) or set (assigned) using
different techniques.
 These properties store values that can be primitive data types (strings, numbers,
booleans) or objects and functions.
 Below are different ways to query and set properties in JavaScript.
 Dot Notation
o Querying (Getting) a Property:
 You can retrieve the value of a property using the dot (.) notation.
o Setting a Property:
 You can also assign a value to a property using the dot notation.
o Example:
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  Bracket Notation
o Querying (Getting) a Property:
 Bracket notation allows you to query a property using a string that represents
the property name.
 This is especially useful when the property name is dynamic or includes
special characters.
o Setting a Property:
 You can also assign a value to a property using the bracket notation.
o Example:

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 o When to Use Bracket Notation:
 When property names have special characters or spaces.
 When accessing a property name dynamically.
 Example (Dynamic Property Name):
 var property = 'name';
 document.write(“<br> … “+Person[property]);
o Adding New Properties
 You can add new properties to an object at any time using either dot notation
or bracket notation.
o Deleting Properties
 To remove a property from an object, you can use the delete operator.

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 o Checking if a Property Exists
 You can check whether a property exists in an object
 using the in operator or by using the hasOwnProperty() method.

o Enumerating Properties
 You can iterate over the properties of an object using a for...in loop.

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